中国多孔菌多样性初探: 物种、区系和生态功能

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08074

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多孔菌是指子实层体呈孔状且质地为革质至木质的一类大型担子菌, 主要生长在各类木材上。我国地域辽阔, 气候带和地形多样, 森林类型和植被组成丰富, 为多孔菌提供了丰富的栖息地。长期的野外资源调查和标本采集, 特别是近年来分子生物学技术的发展, 极大地丰富了对我国多孔菌种类的认识。我国是世界上多孔菌物种多样性最丰富的国家, 现在已知有多孔菌704种, 隶属于11目22科134属, 包括世界广布成分、北温带成分和热带-亚热带成分。多孔菌中的白腐菌是潜在的工业用菌, 褐腐菌在森林的更新过程中起重要作用。

关键词: 木材腐朽菌, 物种多样性, 真菌区系, 生态学

Abstract

Polypores are the group of macro-basidiomycetes with poroid hymenophore and corky basidiocarps that mainly grow on wood. China contains multiple climatic zones and geographic topographies, and thus possesses a variety of forest and vegetation types that provide rich habitats for polypores. Based on extensive collections conducted over a long period of time, a considerable knowledge of Chinese polypore species has been obtained, and this has been enriched further in recent years by using molecular technology. China possesses the highest polypore diversity in the world and 704 polypore species, belonging to 134 genera, 22 families and 11 orders, have been recorded within its borders. These 704 species are composed of cosmopolitan, boreal/temperate and tropical-subtropical elements. White-rot polypores are considered as potential industrial resources, while brown-rot polypores play an essential role in forest renewal.

Key words: Wood-decaying fungi, species diversity, mycota, ecology

周丽伟, 戴玉成 (2013) 中国多孔菌多样性初探: 物种、区系和生态功能. 生物多样性, 21, 499-506. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08074.

Liwei Zhou,Yucheng Dai (2013) Chinese polypore diversities: species, mycota and ecological functions. Biodiversity Science, 21, 499-506. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08074.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.08074

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I4/499

图/表 3

图1 不同目的多孔菌。(A)木耳目的叶榆孔菌; (B)褐褶菌目的深褐褶菌; (C)锈革孔菌目的肉桂集毛孔菌; (D)多孔菌目的血红密孔菌; (E)红菇目的无壳异担子菌; (F)糙孢孔目的袋囊糙孢孔菌。

Fig. 1 Polypores in multiple orders. (A) Elmerina foliacea in the Auriculariles; (B) Gloeophyllum sepiarium in the Gloeophyllales; (C) Coltricia cinnamomea in the Hymenochaetales; (D) Pycnoporus sanguineus in the Polyporales; (E) Heterobasidion ecrustosum in the Russulales; (F) Trechispora hymenocystis in the Trechisporales.

图2 不同营养方式的多孔菌。(A)腐生于腐朽木上的黄白变孔菌; (B)腐生于倒木上的东方栓孔菌; (C)寄生于活树上的红贝俄氏孔菌; (D)形成外生菌根的绵地花孔菌。

Fig. 2 Polypores of different trophic types. (A) Anomoporia albolutescens saprotrophic on rotten wood; (B) Trametes orientalis saprophytic on fallen wood; (C) Earliella scabrosa parasitic on living tree; (D) Albatrellus ovinus forming ectomycorrhizae with trees.

图3 白腐菌、褐腐菌及其引起的木材腐朽。(A)木蹄层孔菌及其引起的白色腐朽; (B)盖波斯特孔菌及其引起的褐色腐朽。

Fig. 3 White-rot and brown-rot polypores and their causing rot in wood. (A) Fomes fomentarius causing a white rot; (B) Postia pileata causing a brown rot.

参考文献 70

1	Asiegbu FO, Nahalkova J, Li GS (2005) Pathogen-inducible cDNAs from the interaction of the root rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.).Plant Science, 268, 365-372.
2	Bi ZS (毕志树), Zheng GY (郑国扬), Li TH (李泰辉) (1994) Macrofungi Flora of Guangdong Province (广东大型真菌志). Guangdong Science and Technology Press, Guangzhou. (in Chinese)
3	Cao Y, Wu SH, Dai YC (2012) Species clarification of the prize medicinal Ganoderma mushroom “Lingzhi”.Fungal Diversity, 56, 49-62.
4	Cohen R, Persky L, Hadar Y (2002) Biotechnological applications and potential of wood-degrading mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus.Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 58, 582-594.
5	Cui BK (崔宝凯), Yu CJ (余长军) (2011) Fungal flora and population structure of polypores in the Great Xing’an Mountains.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报), 31, 3700-3709. (in Chinese with English abstract)
6	Cui BK, Dai YC (2012) Wood-decaying fungi in eastern Himalayas. III. Polypores from Laojunshan Mountains, Yunnan Province.Mycosystema, 31, 485-492.
7	Cui BK, Wang Z, Dai YC (2008) Albatrellus piceiphilus sp. nov. on the basis of morphological and molecular characters.Fungal Diversity, 28, 41-48.
8	Cui BK, Wei YL, Dai YC (2006) Polypores from Zijin Mountain, Jiangsu Province.Mycosystema, 25, 9-14.
9	Dai YC (2010a) Hymenochaetaceae (Basidiomycota) in China.Fungal Diversity, 45, 131-343.
10	Dai YC (2010b) Species diversity of wood-decaying fungi in Northeast China.Mycosystema, 29, 801-818.
11	Dai YC (2012) Polypore diversity in China with an annotated checklist of Chinese polypores.Mycoscience, 53, 49-80.
12	Dai YC (戴玉成) (2003) Rare and threatened polypores in the ecosystem of Changbaishan Nature Reserve of northeastern China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报), 14, 1015-1018. (in Chinese with English abstract)
13	Dai YC (戴玉成) (2009) A checklist of polypores in China.Mycosystema(菌物学报), 28, 315-327. (in Chinese with English abstract)
14	Dai YC (戴玉成) (2012) Pathogenic wood-decaying fungi on woody plants in China.Mycosystema(菌物学报), 31, 493-509. (in Chinese with English abstract)
15	Dai YC (戴玉成), Cui BK (崔宝凯), Yuan HS (袁海生), Wei YL (魏玉莲) (2010b) A red list of polypores in China.Mycosystema(菌物学报), 29, 164-171. (in Chinese with English abstract)
16	Dai YC, He XS, WangHe KY, Steffen K (2012) Wood-decaying fungi in eastern Himalayas. II. Species from Qingcheng Mts., Sichuan Province.Mycosystema, 31, 168-173.
17	Dai YC (戴玉成), Li Y (李玉) (2011) Notes on the nomenclature of six important medicinal fungi in China.Mycosystema(菌物学报), 30, 516-518. (in Chinese with English abstract)
18	Dai YC (戴玉成), Xu MQ (徐梅卿), Yang Z (杨忠), Jiang ML (蒋明亮) (2008) Wood-decaying fungi on timber or wooden constructions in China.Forest Research(林业科学研究), 21, 49-54. (in Chinese with English abstract)
19	Dai YC (戴玉成), Yang ZL (杨祝良) (2008) A revised checklist of medicinal fungi in China.Mycosystema(菌物学报), 27, 801-824. (in Chinese with English abstract)
20	Dai YC, Yuan HS, He W, Decock C (2006) Polypores from Beijing area, northern China.Mycosystema, 25, 368-373.
21	Dai YC, Zhou LW, Steffen K (2011) Wood-decaying fungi in eastern Himalayas. I. Polypores from Zixishan Nature Reserve, Yunnan Province.Mycosystema, 30, 674-679.
22	Dai YC (戴玉成), Zhou LW (周丽伟), Yang ZL (杨祝良), Wen HA (文华安), Bau T (图力古尔), Li TH (李泰辉) (2010a) A revised checklist of edible fungi in China.Mycosystema(菌物学报), 29, 1-21. (in Chinese with English abstract)
23	Di MX, Wei YL, Gu Y (2012) Three species of Phellinus (Basidiomycota, Hymenochaetaceae) new to China.Mycosystema, 31, 940-946.
24	Du XH, Zhao Q, O’Donnell K, Rooney AP, Yang ZL (2012) Multigene molecular phylogenetics reveals true morels (Morchella) are especially species-rich in China.Fungal Genetics and Biology, 49, 455-469.
25	Feng B, Xu JP, Wu G, Zeng NK, Li YC, Bau T, Kost GW, Yang ZL (2012) DNA sequence analyses reveal abundant diversity, endemism and evidence for Asian origin of the porcini mushrooms.PLoS ONE, 7, e37567.
26	Ge ZW, Smith ME, Zhang QY, Yang ZL (2012) Two species of the Asian endemic genus Keteleeria form ectomycorrhizas with diverse fungal symbionts in southwestern China.Mycorrhiza, 22, 403-408.
27	Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L (1986) North American Polypores 1. Fungiflora, Oslo.
28	Gilbertson RL, Ryvarden L (1987) North American Polypores 2. Fungiflora, Oslo.
29	He SH, Li HJ (2013) Hymenochaete in China. III. Three species new to China from Guangxi Autonomous Region and Jilin Province.Mycosystema, 32, 202-207.
30	Hibbett DS, Gilbert LB, Donoghue MJ (2000) Evolutionary instability of ectomycorrhizal symbioses in basidiomycetes.Nature, 407, 506-508.
31	Hoebeke ER, Wheeler QD, Gilbertson RL (1987) Second Eucinetidae-Coniophoraceae association (Coleoptera; Basidio- mycetes), with notes on the biology of Eucinetus oviformis Lecontes (Eucinetidae) and on two species of Endomychidae.Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 89, 215-218.
32	Junninen K, Komonen A (2011) Conservation ecology of boreal polypores: a review.Biological Conservation, 144, 11-20.
33	Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008) Dictionary of the Fungi, 10th edn. CAB International, Oxon.
34	Li HJ, Cui BK (2013) Taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Megasporoporia and its related genera. Mycologia, 105, 368-383.
35	Li J, Xiong HX, Zhou XS, Dai YC (2007) Polypores (Basidiomycetes) from Henan Province in central China.Sydowia, 59, 125-137.
36	Martin MM (1987) Invertebrate-Microbial Interactions: Ingested Fungal Enzymes in Arthropod Biology. Cornell University Press, New York.
37	Patouillard N (1907) Champignons du Kouy-tchéou.Monde de Pl. 2' Ser., 9, 31.
38	Reid DA (1992) The genus Elmerina (Tremellales), with accounts of two species from Queensland, Australia.Persoonia, 14, 465-474.
39	Ryvarden L (1991) Genera of polypores: nomenclature and taxonomy.Synopsis Fungorum, 5, 1-363.
40	Ryvarden L (1994) Can we trust morphology in Ganoderma? In: Ganoderma: Systematics, Phytopathology and Pharmacology. Proceedings of Contributed Symposium 59A, B, 5th International Mycological Congress (eds Buchanan PK, Hseu RS, Moncalvo JM), pp. 19-24. Taiwan University, Taipei.
41	Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1993) European polypores. I.Synopsis Fungurom, 6, 1-387.
42	Ryvarden L, Gilbertson RL (1994) European polypores. II.Synopsis Fungurom, 7, 388-743.
43	Sanders NJ, Rahbek C (2011) The patterns and causes of elevational diversity gradients.Ecography, 35, 1-3.
44	Si J (司静), Cui BK (崔宝凯), Dai YC (戴玉成) (2011a) Application in dye decolorization and optimization of conditions in discoloration by Trametes orientalis.Genomics and Applied Biology(基因组学与应用生物学), 30, 364-371. (in Chinese with English abstract)
45	Si J (司静), Cui BK (崔宝凯), Dai YC (戴玉成) (2011b) Primary screening of effective Trametes strains with high laccase-productivity and optimization of conditions on laccase production.Microbiology China(微生物学通报), 38, 405-416. (in Chinese with English abstract)
46	Si J (司静), Cui BK (崔宝凯), Li MJ (李牧洁) (2012) Dye decolorization by adsorbents obtained from Trametes orientalis mycelia and investigation of the adsorptive mechanism.Mycosystema(菌物学报), 31, 890-899. (in Chinese with English abstract)
47	Si J (司静), Li W (李伟), Cui BK (崔宝凯), Dai YC (戴玉成) (2011c) Advances of research on characteristic, molecular biology and applications of laccase from fungi.Biotechnology Bulletin(生物技术通报), (2), 48-55. (in Chinese with English abstract)
48	Si J, Peng F, Cui BK (2013) Purification, biochemical characterization and dye decolorization capacity of an alkali-resistant and metal-tolerant laccase from Trametes pubescens.Bioresource Technology, 128, 49-57.
49	Taylor AFS, Alexander IJ (2005) The ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: life in the real world.Mycologist, 19, 102-112.
50	Tedersoo L, Suvi T, Beaver K, Saar I (2007) Ectomycorrhizas of Coltricia and Coltriciella (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) on Caesalpiniaceae, Dipterocarpaceae and Myrtaceae in Seychelles.Mycological Progress, 6, 101-107.
51	Tian XM, Yu HY, Zhou LW, Decock C, Vlasák J, Dai YC (2013) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Inonotus linteus complex.Fungal Diversity, 58, 159-169.
52	Wang B, Cui BK, Li HJ, Du P, Jia BS (2011) Wood-rotting fungi in eastern China. V. Polypore diversity in Jiangxi Province.Annales Botanici Fennici, 48, 237-246.
53	Wang Q, He XH, Guo LD (2012a) Ectomycorrhizal fungus communities of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz of different ages in a northern China temperate forest.Mycorrhiza, 22, 461-470.
54	Wang XC, Xi RJ, Li Y, Wang DM, Yao YJ (2012b) The species identity of the widely cultivated Ganoderma, ‘G. lucidum’ (Ling-zhi), in China. PLoS ONE, 7, e40857.
55	Wei YL (魏玉莲), Dai YC (戴玉成) (2004) Ecological function of wood-inhabiting fungi in forest ecosystem.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报), 15, 1935-1938. (in Chinese with English abstract)
56	Wei YL (魏玉莲), Dai YC (戴玉成), Yuan HS (袁海生), Hao ZQ (郝占庆), Wang XG (王绪高) (2010) Community composition and distribution character of wood-inhabiting fungi on maple in broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest plot in Changbaishan of China.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报), 30, 6348-6354. (in Chinese with English abstract)
57	Xu MQ (徐梅卿), Dai YC (戴玉成), Fan SH (范少辉), Jin LX (金立新), Lü Q (吕全), Tian GZ (田国忠), Wang LF (汪来发) (2006) Records of bamboo diseases and the taxonomy of their pathogens in China (I).Forest Research(林业科学研究), 19, 692-699. (in Chinese with English abstract)
58	Yang ZL (2011) Molecular techniques revolutionize knowledge of basidiomycete evolution.Fungal Diversity, 50, 47-58.
59	Yang ZL, Feng B (2013) What is the Chinese “Lingzhi”? — A taxonomic mini-review. Mycology, 4, 1-4.
60	Yu CJ (余长军), Dai YC (戴玉成), Wang ZQ (王政权) (2004) A preliminary study on wood-inhabiting fungi on charred wood in Daxing’anling forest areas.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报), 15, 1781-1784. (in Chinese with English abstract)
61	Yuan HS, Dai YC (2012) Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China. VI. Polypores from Guangxi Autonomous Region. Annales Botanici Fennici, 49, 341-351.
62	Zeng XW (曾祥谓), Cui BK (崔宝凯), Xu MQ (徐梅卿), Piao CG (朴春根), Liu HJ (刘洪剑) (2008) Wood-decaying fungi on timber or wooden constructions in China (II).Forest Research(林业科学研究), 21, 783-791. (in Chinese with English abstract)
63	Zhang Y, Zhou DQ, Zhao Q, Zhou TX, Hyde KD (2010) Diversity and ecological distribution of macrofungi in the Laojun Mountain region, southwestern China.Biodiversity and Conservation, 19, 3545-3563.
64	Zhao CL, Cui BK (2013) Five species of Perenniporia (Polyporales) new to China.Mycosystema, 32, 192-201.
65	Zhao JD (1989) The Ganodermataceae in China (Bibliotheca Mycologica Ser, Vol 132). Lubrecht & Cramer Ltd., New York.
66	Zhou LW, Dai YC (2012a) Phylogeny and taxonomy of Phylloporia (Hymenochaetales): new species and a worldwide key to the genus. Mycologia, 104, 211-222.
67	Zhou LW, Dai YC (2012b) Recognizing ecological patterns of wood-decaying polypores on gymnosperm and angiosperm trees in northeast China.Fungal Ecology, 5, 230-235.
68	Zhou LW, Hao ZQ, Wang Z, Wang B, Dai YC (2011) Comparison of ecological patterns of polypores in three forest zones in China.Mycology, 2, 260-275.
69	Zhou LW, Kõljalg U (2013) A new species of Lenzitopsis (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) and its phylogenetic placement.Mycoscience, 54, 87-92.
70	Zhou LW, Qin WM (2013) Sistotrema subconfluens sp. nov. (Cantharellales, Basidiomycota) from Changbaishan Nature Reserve, northeastern China.Mycoscience, 54, 178-182.

[1]	鲁彬悦, 李坤, 王晨溪, 李晟. 基于传感器标记的野生动物追踪技术在中国的应用现状与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(5): 23497-.
[2]	邝起宇, 胡亮. 广东东海岛与硇洲岛海域底栖贝类物种多样性及其地理分布[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(5): 24065-.
[3]	赵勇强, 阎玺羽, 谢加琪, 侯梦婷, 陈丹梅, 臧丽鹏, 刘庆福, 隋明浈, 张广奇. 退化喀斯特森林自然恢复中不同生活史阶段木本植物物种多样性与群落构建[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(5): 23462-.
[4]	徐伟强, 苏强. 分形模型与一般性物种多度分布关系的检验解析:以贝类和昆虫群落为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(4): 23410-.
[5]	冉辉, 杨天友, 米小其. 贵州省爬行动物更新名录[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(4): 23348-.
[6]	王启蕃, 刘小慧, 朱紫薇, 刘磊, 王鑫雪, 汲旭阳, 周绍春, 张子栋, 董红雨, 张明海. 黑龙江北极村国家级自然保护区鸟类与兽类多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(4): 24024-.
[7]	刘彩莲, 张雄, 樊恩源, 王松林, 姜艳, 林柏岸, 房璐, 李玉强, 刘乐彬, 刘敏. 中国海域海马的物种多样性、生态特征及保护建议[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(1): 23282-.
[8]	殷正, 张乃莉, 张春雨, 赵秀海. 长白山不同演替阶段温带森林木本植物菌根类型对林下草本植物多样性的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(1): 23337-.
[9]	李勇, 李三青, 王欢. 天津野生维管植物编目及分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(9): 23128-.
[10]	张多鹏, 刘洋, 李正飞, 葛奕豪, 张君倩, 谢志才. 长江上游支流赤水河流域底栖动物物种多样性与保护对策[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 22674-.
[11]	曹亚苏, 范敏, 彭羽, 辛嘉讯, 彭楠一. 景观格局动态对浑善达克沙地植物物种多样性和功能多样性的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23048-.
[12]	钟欣艺, 赵凡, 姚雪, 吴雨茹, 许银, 鱼舜尧, 林静芸, 郝建锋. 三星堆遗址城墙不同维护措施下草本植物物种多样性与土壤抗冲性的关系[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23169-.
[13]	杜红. “物种”与“个体”: 究竟谁是生物多样性保护的恰当对象?[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(8): 23140-.
[14]	邓婷婷, 魏岩, 任思远, 祝燕. 北京东灵山暖温带落叶阔叶林地形和林分结构对林下草本植物物种多样性的影响[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 22671-.
[15]	王江, 赵一凡, 屈彦福, 张财文, 张亮, 陈传武, 王彦平. 中国蛇类形态、生活史和生态学特征数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2023, 31(7): 23126-.