生物多样性 ›› 2010, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (2): 175-181. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.09000
所属专题: 土壤生物与土壤健康
收稿日期:
2009-10-10
接受日期:
2010-01-17
出版日期:
2010-03-20
发布日期:
2010-03-20
通讯作者:
贺学礼
基金资助:
Xueli He1,*(), Lingyun Wang1, Jing Ma2, Lili Zhao1
Received:
2009-10-10
Accepted:
2010-01-17
Online:
2010-03-20
Published:
2010-03-20
Contact:
Xueli He
摘要:
已有研究证实, AM真菌能够促进植物生长发育, 提高植物抗病性和抗逆性。为探明药用植物丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza)根围AM真菌资源状况, 作者分别于2008年8月和2009年8月, 在河北省安国市4个样地(齐村、中药材种植基地、祈州、沙头)采集丹参根围0-30 cm土层土壤样品, 研究根围AM真菌的生态分布、多样性及其与土壤因子的相关性。 共分离鉴定出AM真菌4属24种, AM真菌最大孢子密度为77.55级/土样, 最大定殖率为72.72%。其中球囊霉属(Glomus)16种, 平均分离频度为100%, 相对多度最高达76.4%, 是4个样地的共同优势属; 无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)5种, 分离频度及相对多度仅次于球囊霉属; 盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)2种, 仅在祈州样地出现; 内养囊霉属(Entrophospora)1种, 仅在沙头样地出现; 聚丛球囊霉(G. aggregatum)是4个样地的共同优势种。4个样地平均Shannon-Wiener指数从大到小依次为齐村、祈州、沙头、中药材种植基地; 中药材种植基地AM真菌组成与其他样地差异显著, 其孢子密度、种丰度随土壤速效P、碱解N、有机质和pH值升高而降低。上述结果显示丹参根围AM真菌资源丰富, 并与丹参形成良好的共生关系, 这为进一步筛选高效优势菌种, 利用菌根技术提高丹参产量和品质提供了依据。
贺学礼, 王凌云, 马晶, 赵丽莉 (2010) 河北省安国地区丹参根围AM真菌多样性. 生物多样性, 18, 175-181. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.09000.
Xueli He, Lingyun Wang, Jing Ma, Lili Zhao (2010) AM fungal diversity in the rhizosphere of Salvia miltiorrhiza in Anguo City of Hebei Province. Biodiversity Science, 18, 175-181. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2010.09000.
齐村 Qicun | 祈州 Qizhou | 种植基地 Zhongzhijidi | 沙头 Shatou | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | |||||
球囊霉属 Glomus | 100a | 79.4a | 89.7a | 100a | 88.2a | 94.1a | 100a | 64.4a | 82.2a | 100a | 73.5a | 86.8a | ||||
无梗囊霉属 Acaulospora | 100a | 20.6b | 60.3b | 100a | 12.5b | 56.3b | 100a | 35.6b | 67.8b | 100a | 26.3b | 63.2b | ||||
盾巨孢囊霉属 Scutellospora | 0.0b | 0.0c | 0.0c | 50.0b | 0.3c | 25.2c | 0.0b | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0d | ||||
内养囊霉属 Entrophospora | 0.0b | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0d | 0.0b | 0.0c | 0.0c | 27.8b | 0.2c | 14.0c |
表1 不同样地AM真菌各属的分离频度(F)、相对多度(RA)和重要值(I)
Table 1 The frequency (F), relative abundance (RA) and importance value (I) of AM fungal genera in the four sampling sites
齐村 Qicun | 祈州 Qizhou | 种植基地 Zhongzhijidi | 沙头 Shatou | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | |||||
球囊霉属 Glomus | 100a | 79.4a | 89.7a | 100a | 88.2a | 94.1a | 100a | 64.4a | 82.2a | 100a | 73.5a | 86.8a | ||||
无梗囊霉属 Acaulospora | 100a | 20.6b | 60.3b | 100a | 12.5b | 56.3b | 100a | 35.6b | 67.8b | 100a | 26.3b | 63.2b | ||||
盾巨孢囊霉属 Scutellospora | 0.0b | 0.0c | 0.0c | 50.0b | 0.3c | 25.2c | 0.0b | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0d | ||||
内养囊霉属 Entrophospora | 0.0b | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0d | 0.0b | 0.0c | 0.0c | 27.8b | 0.2c | 14.0c |
齐村 Qicun | 祈州 Qizhou | 种植基地 Zhongzhijidi | 沙头 Shatou | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | Dom | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | Dom | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | Dom | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | Dom | ||||
双网无梗囊霉 A.bireticulata | 100.0 | 15.7 | 57.9 | B | 100.0 | 15.4 | 57.70 | B | 100.0 | 28.6 | 64.3 | A | 100.0 | 18.0 | 59.0 | B | |||
孔窝无梗囊霉 A. foveata | 100.0 | 1.5 | 50.8 | B | 97.2 | 0.9 | 49.1 | B | 100.0 | 4.1 | 52.1 | B | 83.7 | 2.8 | 43.3 | B | |||
光壁无梗囊霉 A. laevis | 41.7 | 0.6 | 21.2 | C | 55.6 | 0.4 | 28.0 | C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 47.2 | 0.6 | 23.9 | C | |||
瑞氏无梗囊霉 A. rehmii | 86.1 | 4.2 | 45.2 | B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 100.0 | 2.6 | 51.3 | B | |||
细凹无梗囊霉 A. scrobiculata | 50.0 | 1.5 | 25.8 | C | 100.0 | 0.9 | 50.5 | B | 16.7 | 0.2 | 8.5 | D | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
聚丛球囊霉 G. aggregatum | 100.0 | 48.3 | 74.2 | A | 100.0 | 42.9 | 71.5 | A | 100.0 | 38.0 | 69.0 | A | 100.0 | 34.4 | 67.2 | A | |||
明球囊霉 G. clarum | 100.0 | 5.0 | 52.5 | B | 100.0 | 3.1 | 51.6 | B | 100.0 | 4.9 | 52.5 | B | 100.0 | 5.6 | 52.8 | B | |||
缩球囊霉 G. constrictum | 100.0 | 1.8 | 50.9 | B | 75.0 | 1.3 | 38.2 | C | 83.3 | 2.9 | 43.1 | C | 91.7 | 2.0 | 46.9 | B | |||
沙荒球囊霉 G. deserticola | 25.0 | 0.2 | 12.6 | D | 83.3 | 1.1 | 42.2 | B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 83.7 | 1.7 | 43.0 | B | |||
长孢球囊霉 G. dolichosporum | 58.3 | 0.7 | 29.5 | C | 33.4 | 0.3 | 16.9 | D | 33.3 | 0.8 | 17.1 | D | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
集球囊霉 G. fasciculatum | 36.1 | 1.0 | 18.1 | D | 88.9 | 0.6 | 44.8 | B | 41.9 | 1.4 | 21.7 | C | 41.9 | 1.7 | 21.8 | C | |||
地球囊霉 G. geosporum | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 97.2 | 1.1 | 49.2 | B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 33.4 | 0.5 | 17.0 | D | |||
斑点球囊霉 G. maculosum | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 33.3 | 0.3 | 16.8 | D | 33.3 | 0.2 | 16.8 | D | |||
微丛球囊霉 G. microaggregatum | 100.0 | 1.3 | 50.6 | B | 100.0 | 1.7 | 50.9 | B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 50.0 | 0.2 | 25.1 | C | |||
摩西球囊霉 G. mosseae | 100.0 | 8.3 | 54.2 | B | 100.0 | 8.8 | 54.4 | B | 100.0 | 14.1 | 57.1 | B | 100.0 | 17.0 | 58.5 | B | |||
多梗球囊霉 G. multicaule | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 33.3 | 0.8 | 17.1 | D | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
凹坑球囊霉 G. multiforum | 100.0 | 1.4 | 50.7 | B | 33.3 | 8.2 | 20.8 | C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 66.7 | 0.7 | 33.7 | C | |||
网状球囊霉 G. reticulatum | 100.0 | 14.5 | 57.3 | B | 100.0 | 26.2 | 63.1 | A | 100.0 | 12.8 | 56.4 | B | 100.0 | 12.9 | 56.5 | B | |||
扭形球囊霉 G. tortuosum | 100.0 | 1.3 | 50.7 | B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 50.0 | 0.6 | 25.3 | C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
地表球囊霉 G. versiforme | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 16.7 | 0.1 | 8.4 | D | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
粘质球囊霉 G. viscosum | 50.0 | 0.6 | 25.3 | C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
丽孢盾巨孢囊S.calospora | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 66.7 | 0.3 | 33.5 | C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
红色盾巨孢囊霉S. erythropa | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 33.3 | 0.2 | 16.7 | D | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
稀有内养囊霉 E. infrequens | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 41.9 | 0.7 | 21.3 | C |
表2 不同样地AM真菌种的分离频度(F)、相对多度(RA)、重要值(I)和优势度(Dom)
Table 2 The frequency, relative abundance, importance value and dominance of the AM fungal species in the four sampling sites
齐村 Qicun | 祈州 Qizhou | 种植基地 Zhongzhijidi | 沙头 Shatou | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | Dom | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | Dom | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | Dom | F (%) | RA (%) | I (%) | Dom | ||||
双网无梗囊霉 A.bireticulata | 100.0 | 15.7 | 57.9 | B | 100.0 | 15.4 | 57.70 | B | 100.0 | 28.6 | 64.3 | A | 100.0 | 18.0 | 59.0 | B | |||
孔窝无梗囊霉 A. foveata | 100.0 | 1.5 | 50.8 | B | 97.2 | 0.9 | 49.1 | B | 100.0 | 4.1 | 52.1 | B | 83.7 | 2.8 | 43.3 | B | |||
光壁无梗囊霉 A. laevis | 41.7 | 0.6 | 21.2 | C | 55.6 | 0.4 | 28.0 | C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 47.2 | 0.6 | 23.9 | C | |||
瑞氏无梗囊霉 A. rehmii | 86.1 | 4.2 | 45.2 | B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 100.0 | 2.6 | 51.3 | B | |||
细凹无梗囊霉 A. scrobiculata | 50.0 | 1.5 | 25.8 | C | 100.0 | 0.9 | 50.5 | B | 16.7 | 0.2 | 8.5 | D | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
聚丛球囊霉 G. aggregatum | 100.0 | 48.3 | 74.2 | A | 100.0 | 42.9 | 71.5 | A | 100.0 | 38.0 | 69.0 | A | 100.0 | 34.4 | 67.2 | A | |||
明球囊霉 G. clarum | 100.0 | 5.0 | 52.5 | B | 100.0 | 3.1 | 51.6 | B | 100.0 | 4.9 | 52.5 | B | 100.0 | 5.6 | 52.8 | B | |||
缩球囊霉 G. constrictum | 100.0 | 1.8 | 50.9 | B | 75.0 | 1.3 | 38.2 | C | 83.3 | 2.9 | 43.1 | C | 91.7 | 2.0 | 46.9 | B | |||
沙荒球囊霉 G. deserticola | 25.0 | 0.2 | 12.6 | D | 83.3 | 1.1 | 42.2 | B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 83.7 | 1.7 | 43.0 | B | |||
长孢球囊霉 G. dolichosporum | 58.3 | 0.7 | 29.5 | C | 33.4 | 0.3 | 16.9 | D | 33.3 | 0.8 | 17.1 | D | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
集球囊霉 G. fasciculatum | 36.1 | 1.0 | 18.1 | D | 88.9 | 0.6 | 44.8 | B | 41.9 | 1.4 | 21.7 | C | 41.9 | 1.7 | 21.8 | C | |||
地球囊霉 G. geosporum | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 97.2 | 1.1 | 49.2 | B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 33.4 | 0.5 | 17.0 | D | |||
斑点球囊霉 G. maculosum | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 33.3 | 0.3 | 16.8 | D | 33.3 | 0.2 | 16.8 | D | |||
微丛球囊霉 G. microaggregatum | 100.0 | 1.3 | 50.6 | B | 100.0 | 1.7 | 50.9 | B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 50.0 | 0.2 | 25.1 | C | |||
摩西球囊霉 G. mosseae | 100.0 | 8.3 | 54.2 | B | 100.0 | 8.8 | 54.4 | B | 100.0 | 14.1 | 57.1 | B | 100.0 | 17.0 | 58.5 | B | |||
多梗球囊霉 G. multicaule | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 33.3 | 0.8 | 17.1 | D | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
凹坑球囊霉 G. multiforum | 100.0 | 1.4 | 50.7 | B | 33.3 | 8.2 | 20.8 | C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 66.7 | 0.7 | 33.7 | C | |||
网状球囊霉 G. reticulatum | 100.0 | 14.5 | 57.3 | B | 100.0 | 26.2 | 63.1 | A | 100.0 | 12.8 | 56.4 | B | 100.0 | 12.9 | 56.5 | B | |||
扭形球囊霉 G. tortuosum | 100.0 | 1.3 | 50.7 | B | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 50.0 | 0.6 | 25.3 | C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
地表球囊霉 G. versiforme | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 16.7 | 0.1 | 8.4 | D | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
粘质球囊霉 G. viscosum | 50.0 | 0.6 | 25.3 | C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
丽孢盾巨孢囊S.calospora | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 66.7 | 0.3 | 33.5 | C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
红色盾巨孢囊霉S. erythropa | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 33.3 | 0.2 | 16.7 | D | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | |||
稀有内养囊霉 E. infrequens | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.00 | - | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | - | 41.9 | 0.7 | 21.3 | C |
祈州 Qizhou | 种植基地 Zhongzhijidi | 沙头 Shatou | |
---|---|---|---|
齐村 Qicun | 0.80a | 0.62c | 0.76b |
祈州 Qizhou | 0.61c | 0.75b | |
种植基地 Zhongzhijidi | 0.60c |
表3 不同样地AM真菌组成的Sørensen相似性系数
Table 3 Sørensen index of AM fungi in different sampling sites
祈州 Qizhou | 种植基地 Zhongzhijidi | 沙头 Shatou | |
---|---|---|---|
齐村 Qicun | 0.80a | 0.62c | 0.76b |
祈州 Qizhou | 0.61c | 0.75b | |
种植基地 Zhongzhijidi | 0.60c |
样地 Sites | 孢子密度 Spore density (degree/sample | 定殖率 Colonization (%) | 丰度 Richness | 均匀度 Evenness | Shannon- Wiener index | 碱解N Available N (μg/g) | 速效P Available P (μg/g) | 有机质(mg/g) Organic matter | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
齐村 Qicun | 65.70b | 72.72a | 13.42a | 0.75a | 1.96a | 29.71b | 7.14c | 18.99b | 8.27b |
祈州 Qizhou | 77.55a | 65.65b | 14.13a | 0.70b | 1.88b | 26.06c | 6.42c | 16.71c | 8.26b |
种植基地 Zhongzhijidi | 46.95c | 65.20b | 10.66c | 0.74a | 1.75c | 39.12a | 13.10a | 26.25a | 8.56a |
沙头 Shatou | 55.72bc | 61.29c | 12.50b | 0.69b | 1.77c | 29.09b | 11.21b | 19.58b | 8.30b |
平均值 Average | 61.48 | 66.22 | 12.68 | 0.72 | 1.84 | 31.00 | 9.47 | 20.38 | 8.35 |
表4 不同样地AM真菌和土壤因子
Table 4 AM fungi and soil factors in different sampling sites
样地 Sites | 孢子密度 Spore density (degree/sample | 定殖率 Colonization (%) | 丰度 Richness | 均匀度 Evenness | Shannon- Wiener index | 碱解N Available N (μg/g) | 速效P Available P (μg/g) | 有机质(mg/g) Organic matter | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
齐村 Qicun | 65.70b | 72.72a | 13.42a | 0.75a | 1.96a | 29.71b | 7.14c | 18.99b | 8.27b |
祈州 Qizhou | 77.55a | 65.65b | 14.13a | 0.70b | 1.88b | 26.06c | 6.42c | 16.71c | 8.26b |
种植基地 Zhongzhijidi | 46.95c | 65.20b | 10.66c | 0.74a | 1.75c | 39.12a | 13.10a | 26.25a | 8.56a |
沙头 Shatou | 55.72bc | 61.29c | 12.50b | 0.69b | 1.77c | 29.09b | 11.21b | 19.58b | 8.30b |
平均值 Average | 61.48 | 66.22 | 12.68 | 0.72 | 1.84 | 31.00 | 9.47 | 20.38 | 8.35 |
碱解 N Available N | 速效P Available P | 有机质 Organic matter | pH | |
---|---|---|---|---|
孢子密度 Spore density | 0.252 | 0.107 | -0.352 | -0.133 |
定殖率 Colonization | 0.453* | 0.585** | 0.103 | 0.088 |
丰度 Richness | 0.098 | -0.288 | -0.432* | -0.189 |
均匀度 Evenness | -0.066 | -0.481 | 0.423 | -0.539 |
Shannon-Wiener index | 0.432 | -0.561 | -0.088 | -0.576 |
表5 4个样地AM真菌和土壤因子相关性分析
Table 5 Correlation analysis between AM fungi and soil factors
碱解 N Available N | 速效P Available P | 有机质 Organic matter | pH | |
---|---|---|---|---|
孢子密度 Spore density | 0.252 | 0.107 | -0.352 | -0.133 |
定殖率 Colonization | 0.453* | 0.585** | 0.103 | 0.088 |
丰度 Richness | 0.098 | -0.288 | -0.432* | -0.189 |
均匀度 Evenness | -0.066 | -0.481 | 0.423 | -0.539 |
Shannon-Wiener index | 0.432 | -0.561 | -0.088 | -0.576 |
附录I 本研究分离的4属24种AM真菌(×400)。1: 凹坑球囊霉; 2: 多梗球囊霉; 3: 网状球囊霉; 4: 长孢球囊霉; 5: 沙荒球囊霉; 6: 聚丛球囊霉; 7: 地表球囊霉; 8: 摩西球囊霉; 9: 双网无梗囊霉; 10: 斑点球囊霉; 11: 微丛球囊霉; 12: 粘质球囊霉; 13: 扭形球囊霉; 14: 红色盾巨孢囊霉; 15: 稀有内养囊霉; 16: 丽孢盾巨孢囊霉; 17: 地球囊霉; 18: 明球囊霉; 19: 缩球囊霉; 20: 集球囊霉; 21: 光壁无梗囊霉; 22: 瑞士无梗囊霉; 23: 孔窝无梗囊霉; 24: 细凹无梗囊霉。
Appendix I The total 24 AM fungal species isolated in the present study (×400). 1:G. multiforum; 2: G. multicaule; 3: G. reticulatum; 4: G. dolichosporum; 5: G. deserticola; 6: G. aggregatum; 7: G. versiforme; 8: G. mosseae; 9: A. bireticulata; 10: G. maculosum; 11: G. microaggregatum; 12: G. viscosum; 13: G. tortuosum; 14: S. erythropa; 15: E.infrequens; 16: S. calospor; 17: G. geosporum; 18: G. clarum; 19: G. constrictum; 20: G. fasciculatum; 21: A. laevis; 22: A. rehmii; 23: A. foveata; 24: A. scrobiculata.
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