保护区周边农户对绿色农业认知度分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.10094

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了检验当地居民参与绿色农业项目前后生产生活的变化以及他们对“绿色水稻项目”(Green Rice Project, GRP)的认知度, 包括对收益、成本、保护意识以及经济补偿费用的认知, 我们分析了2004年和2011年陕西朱鹮(Nipponia nippon)自然保护区周边社区3个村919份绿色水稻项目的农户调查问卷。结果表明: 就3个村子整体而言, 参与项目后, 农户实际生活水平提高了, 农户对此认知是一致的。农户对成本的认知与对保护意识的认知受经济发展水平影响不显著(P>0.05), 普遍认为绿色水稻种植的各种成本增加了, 但他们对朱鹮及其栖息地具有积极的保护意识。然而, 农户对收益的认知和对经济补偿的大部分认知受经济水平的影响显著(P<0.05)。如果农户的基本生计没有得到保障, 农户更多关心的是自己的生存问题, 对参与GRP项目的农户而言, 在一定时期内直接关注的必然是参与项目带来的现实经济收益和政府实际补助水平。因此, 政府要建立健全野生动物肇事经济补偿机制, 这是解决保护区与社区之间矛盾的根本途径。

关键词: 当地农户, 认知度, 绿色水稻项目, 生态补偿, 参与式保护, 朱鹮, 自然保护区

Abstract

To test changes in livelihood and perception of local residents after the implementation of green agriculture, 919 questionnaires were distributed to households in three Green Rice Project (GRP) pilot villages in the Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve (CINNR) 2004 and 2011. Our results showed that local households’ benefits were improved and most perceptions of cost and protection awareness were not significantly influenced by economic level (P > 0.05). Although the GRP increased all costs of rice farming, the public were willing to protect the Crested Ibis habitat. However, most of their perceptions of benefits and economic compensation were significantly influenced by economic levels (P <0.05). Despite those advantages, the GRP also has problems, such as unguaranteed funding sources, discontinuous techniques and financial support for follow-up industries. This study indicates that households will care more about their livelihood if their basic requirements are in doubt. Lastly, households participating in GRP tended to be more interested in the economic benefits from GRP, compared to households that were not enrolled in the GRP.

Key words: local residents, perceptions, Green Rice Project, ecological compensation, participatory conservation, the Crested Ibis National Nature Reserve

王昌海, 崔丽娟, 毛旭锋 (2012) 保护区周边农户对绿色农业认知度分析. 生物多样性, 20, 735-744. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.10094.

Changhai Wang, Lijuan Cui, Xufeng Mao (2012) Local households’ perceptions of green agriculture. Biodiversity Science, 20, 735-744. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.10094.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.10094

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I6/735

图/表 7

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	2004(N = 371)			2011(N = 548)
	刘庄村 Liuzhuang Village	田岺村 Tiancen Village	草坝村 Caoba Village	刘庄村 Liuzhuang Village	田岺村 Tiancen Village	草坝村 Caoba Village
调查农户数 Households interviewed	52	156	163	84	209	255
男性 Male (%)	77	84	73	54	47	56
年龄 Age (%)
18-25	6	7	11	4	7	9
26-45	47	52	45	23	29	18
46-65	41	38	35	67	59	68
>65	6	3	9	6	5	5
家庭人口 Family size (%)
≤3	2	4	4	5	3	4
4-6	47	54	45	53	57	53
≥6	51	42	51	42	40	43
出生地 Migration (%)
出生在本县 Born in Yang County	96	99	98	98	99	97
其他地方迁移 Moved from other places	4	1	2	2	1	3
受教育程度 Education (%)
文盲 Illiteracy	4	3	4	3	1	2
小学 Primary school	27	34	39	48	59	62
中学 Junior high school	52	47	45	45	35	32
高中 Senior high school	17	15	11	4	4	4
大专及以上 ≥College and above	0	1	1	0	1	0
工作性质 Job (%)
务农 Farming	47	52	44	36	38	31
本地打工 Working in local area	31	26	33	42	37	42
本地运输业 Transportation business	6	8	4	3	5	6
乡村旅游业 Rural tourism	0	1	0	12	15	19
其他 Others	16	13	19	7	5	2
生活满意度 Life satisfaction (%)
满意 Satisfied	12	9	14	21	25	29
基本满意 Basically satisfied	31	37	40	63	57	54
不满意 Dissatisfied	57	54	46	16	18	11

	2004(N = 371)			2011(N = 548)
	刘庄村 Liuzhuang Village	田岺村 Tiancen Village	草坝村 Caoba Village	刘庄村 Liuzhuang Village	田岺村 Tiancen Village	草坝村 Caoba Village
调查农户数 Households interviewed	52	156	163	84	209	255
男性 Male (%)	77	84	73	54	47	56
年龄 Age (%)
18-25	6	7	11	4	7	9
26-45	47	52	45	23	29	18
46-65	41	38	35	67	59	68
>65	6	3	9	6	5	5
家庭人口 Family size (%)
≤3	2	4	4	5	3	4
4-6	47	54	45	53	57	53
≥6	51	42	51	42	40	43
出生地 Migration (%)
出生在本县 Born in Yang County	96	99	98	98	99	97
其他地方迁移 Moved from other places	4	1	2	2	1	3
受教育程度 Education (%)
文盲 Illiteracy	4	3	4	3	1	2
小学 Primary school	27	34	39	48	59	62
中学 Junior high school	52	47	45	45	35	32
高中 Senior high school	17	15	11	4	4	4
大专及以上 ≥College and above	0	1	1	0	1	0
工作性质 Job (%)
务农 Farming	47	52	44	36	38	31
本地打工 Working in local area	31	26	33	42	37	42
本地运输业 Transportation business	6	8	4	3	5	6
乡村旅游业 Rural tourism	0	1	0	12	15	19
其他 Others	16	13	19	7	5	2
生活满意度 Life satisfaction (%)
满意 Satisfied	12	9	14	21	25	29
基本满意 Basically satisfied	31	37	40	63	57	54
不满意 Dissatisfied	57	54	46	16	18	11

	2004 (N=371)			2011 (N=548)
	刘庄村 Liuzhuang Village	田岺村 Tiancen Village	草坝村 Caoba Village	刘庄村 Liuzhuang Village	田岺村 Tiancen Village	草坝村 Caoba Village
调查农户数 Households interviewed	52	156	163	84	209	255
家庭总收入 Aggregate family income	14,508	17,407	25,674	35,674	40,144	56,591
种植业收入 Crop farming	7,750(53%)	8,502(49%)	9,911(39%)	14,250(40%)	12,860(32%)	15,906(28%)
养殖业收入 Breeding industry	1,080(7%)	2,459(14%)	5,754(22%)	955(3%)	1,275(3%)	5,024(9%)
外出务工收入 Working outside	5,088(35%)	5,688(33%)	8,800(34%)	17,365(49%)	18,800(47%)	21,400(38%)
其他收入 Other income	590(5%)	758(4%)	1,209(5%)	3,104(9%)	7,209(18%)	14,261(25%)
家庭总消费 Aggregate family consumption	13,522	18,254	23,250	24,206	27,360	42,096
生活性消费 Living consumption	4,263(31%)	5,729(31%)	9,257(40%)	8,636(36%)	10,030(37%)	17,866(42%)
生产性消费 Productive consumption	6,200(46%)	7,315(40%)	9,892(43%)	5,004(21%)	4,588(17%)	6,235(15%)
文化教育消费 Education spending	3,059(23%)	5,210(29%)	4,101(17%)	10,566(43%)	12,742(46%)	17,995(43%)
收入-消费差 Net income (income-consumption)	986	-847	2,424	11,468	12,784	14,495

	2004 (N=371)			2011 (N=548)
	刘庄村 Liuzhuang Village	田岺村 Tiancen Village	草坝村 Caoba Village	刘庄村 Liuzhuang Village	田岺村 Tiancen Village	草坝村 Caoba Village
调查农户数 Households interviewed	52	156	163	84	209	255
家庭总收入 Aggregate family income	14,508	17,407	25,674	35,674	40,144	56,591
种植业收入 Crop farming	7,750(53%)	8,502(49%)	9,911(39%)	14,250(40%)	12,860(32%)	15,906(28%)
养殖业收入 Breeding industry	1,080(7%)	2,459(14%)	5,754(22%)	955(3%)	1,275(3%)	5,024(9%)
外出务工收入 Working outside	5,088(35%)	5,688(33%)	8,800(34%)	17,365(49%)	18,800(47%)	21,400(38%)
其他收入 Other income	590(5%)	758(4%)	1,209(5%)	3,104(9%)	7,209(18%)	14,261(25%)
家庭总消费 Aggregate family consumption	13,522	18,254	23,250	24,206	27,360	42,096
生活性消费 Living consumption	4,263(31%)	5,729(31%)	9,257(40%)	8,636(36%)	10,030(37%)	17,866(42%)
生产性消费 Productive consumption	6,200(46%)	7,315(40%)	9,892(43%)	5,004(21%)	4,588(17%)	6,235(15%)
文化教育消费 Education spending	3,059(23%)	5,210(29%)	4,101(17%)	10,566(43%)	12,742(46%)	17,995(43%)
收入-消费差 Net income (income-consumption)	986	-847	2,424	11,468	12,784	14,495

因为参与GRP…… After you participation in the GRP	刘庄村 Liuzhuang Village (n₁=84)	田岺村 Tiancen Village (n₂=209)	草坝村 Caoba Village (n₃=255)	χ²	P
1 水稻种植收入增加了 The income from rice cultivation increased	67(80%)	178(85%)	234(92%)	9.813	0.007
2 家庭收入增加了 Family income increased	75(89%)	171(82%)	251(98%)	37.791	0.000
3 家庭消费增加了 Family consumption increased	79(94%)	195(93%)	219(86%)	8.835	0.012
4 朱鹮数量增加了 The number of Crested Ibis increased	84(100%)	205(98%)	243(95%)	6.143	0.046
5 改变了就业结构 Employment structure changed	76(90%)	182(87%)	250(98%)	21.108	0.000
6 就业机会增加了 Employment opportunities increased	34(40%)	126(60%)	174(68%)	20.519	0.000
7 社区旅游业增加了 Tourism in communities increased	21(25%)	89(43%)	146(57%)	28.726	0.000
8 自己家的土特产销售多了 Sales of local and special products increased	15(18%)	67(32%)	111(44%)	19.733	0.000
9 乡村公路里程增加了 Mileage of rural highway increased	81(96%)	158(76%)	169(66%)	30.438	0.000
10 保护区与社区的矛盾减少了 Conflicts between protected areas and communities reduced	74(88%)	181(87%)	204(80%)	5.052	0.080
11 人类生存环境变好了 Living environment of human beings getting improved	24(29%)	42(20%)	34(13%)	10.608	0.005
12 水稻种植技术提高了 Rice cultivation technique increased	43(51%)	102(49%)	115(45%)	1.191	0.551
13 当地投资多了Investment increased	15(18%)	89(43%)	137(54%)	33.262	0.000