黑龙江五大连池的生态价值分析

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08262

生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 63-70. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08262 cstr: 32101.14.SP.J.1003.2011.08262

黑龙江五大连池的生态价值分析

周志强¹, 徐丽娇¹, 张玉红¹, 夏春梅², 李洪光³, 刘彤²^,^*(), 马克平⁴

1 东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150040
2 东北林业大学林学院, 哈尔滨 150040
3 五大连池风景区管委会, 黑龙江五大连池 164155
4 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2010-10-30 接受日期:2011-01-09 出版日期:2011-01-20 发布日期:2011-04-01
通讯作者: 刘彤
作者简介:*E-mail: frauliutong@yahoo.com.cn
基金资助:
黑龙江省科技攻关重大项目(GA09B201-02)

An analysis of the ecological value of Wudalianchi, Heilongjiang Province, China

Zhiqiang Zhou¹, Lijiao Xu¹, Yuhong Zhang¹, Chunmei Xia², Hongguang Li³, Tong Liu²^,^*(), Keping Ma⁴

1 The Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040
2 The School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040
3 Wudalianchi Scenic Area and Nature Reserve Management Committee, Wudalianchi, Heilongjiang 164155
4 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2010-10-30 Accepted:2011-01-09 Online:2011-01-20 Published:2011-04-01
Contact: Tong Liu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黑龙江五大连池处于大小兴安岭和松嫩平原的交错地带, 在过去210万年间经历了7次大规模的火山喷发, 是中国保存最为完好的内陆火山遗迹, 2010年被我国政府遴选为世界自然遗产提名地。为了科学、准确地阐述五大连池生态方面的突出普遍价值, 本文在《实施世界遗产公约操作指南》的框架下, 整合野外调查数据和文献资料, 在与其他相关世界遗产地充分比较的基础上, 较为全面地分析了五大连池的生态价值。五大连池植物地理特征交错, 区系来源广泛; 物种组成相对丰富; 发育在熔岩台地上的矮曲林反映了植物的特殊适应过程; 特有成因形成了陆生和水生两个完整的植被演替序列; 陆生植被演替同时存在普通演替和斑块动态演替两种模式, 在熔岩地貌上斑块动态演替模式更为随机而高效。上述生态特征充分展示了五大连池正在进行的生物生态过程, 体现了五大连池独特的生态价值, 为后续有效保护和深入科学研究提供了支撑。

关键词: 五大连池, 生态价值, 植被演替, 生态交错区, 适应

Abstract

Wudalianchi is located within the ecotone between the Great Hinggan Mountains, the Less Hinggan Mountains and the forest steppes of the Songnen Plain. As a result of seven volcanic eruptions in the past 2.1 million years, Wudalianchi contains the most well-preserved intra-continental volcanic remains in China, and was nominated in 2010 as a World Heritage Property. In order to state “the outstanding universal values” of the nominated property in terms of biodiversity and ecological processes, we analyzed data from field investigations and scientific literature under the lens of the Operational Guidelines provided by the World Heritage Committee, compared this data with data from other related Word Heritage Properties in order to analyze the ecological value of the site. We found the following: the property exhibits intersecting geographic characters of vegetation and extensive floral components; high relative species richness; special adaptations shown by dwarf poplar forests that developed under harsh climatic conditions and poor substrate; two distinct sequences of terrestrial and aquatic vegetation succession that has developed in this area, and patch dynamic succession model on block lava and pahoehoe lava was more random and efficient than the normal succession model. All of the above-mentioned characteristics show the on-going biological and ecological process and the outstanding ecological values of the property. We hope that our results will promote further scientific research and protection in this area.

Key words: Wudalianchi, ecological value, vegetation succession, ecotone, adaptation

周志强, 徐丽娇, 张玉红, 夏春梅, 李洪光, 刘彤, 马克平 (2011) 黑龙江五大连池的生态价值分析. 生物多样性, 19, 63-70. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08262.

Zhiqiang Zhou, Lijiao Xu, Yuhong Zhang, Chunmei Xia, Hongguang Li, Tong Liu, Keping Ma (2011) An analysis of the ecological value of Wudalianchi, Heilongjiang Province, China. Biodiversity Science, 19, 63-70. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08262.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08262

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I1/63

图/表 7

图1 东古北界生物地理区划及五大连池位置(Udvardy, 1975)。图中数字表示不同生物地理省。

Fig. 1 Biogeographical provinces of the Eastern Half of the Palaearctic Biogeographical Realm (Udvardy, 1975). The numbers in the figure mean different biogeographical provinces.

图2 矮化香杨与普通香杨胸径(基径)与树高的关系。矮化香杨数据来自作者实测, 普通香杨数据来自吉林林科所(1976)。

Fig. 2 Comparison of the relationship between DBH or DGH and height of dwarf poplar and normal poplar. The data of dwarf poplar come from field investigation; the data of normal poplar come from Forestry Institute of Jilin (1976).

图3 陆生演替序列及其代表性群丛

Fig. 3 The sequence of terrestrial vegetation succession and the representative associations

图4 水生演替序列及其代表性群丛

Fig. 4 Sequence of aquatic vegetation succession and the representative associations

图5 块状熔岩上的植物斑块演替模式

Fig. 5 Vegetation patch dynamic succession model on the site of block lava

表1 不同类型的植被斑块的基本信息

Table 1 Basic information of different vegetation patches

类型 Type	地衣、苔藓斑块 (25块) Patch of lichen and moss (n=25)			草本斑块 (16块) Patch of herb (n=16)			灌丛斑块 (54块) Patch of shrub (n=54)			乔木群落 (14块) Patch of tree (n=14)
类型 Type	斑块面积(m²) Area	平均高(m) Average height	物种丰富度Species richness	斑块面积(m²) Area	平均高(m) Average height	物种丰富度Species richness	斑块面积(m²) Area	平均高(m) Average height	物种丰富度Species richness	斑块面积(m²) Area	平均高(m) Average height	物种丰富度 Species richness
结壳熔岩 Pahoehoe lava	7.92	0.02	7	8.02	0.44	12	6.90	1.18	11	16.20	2.35	11
块状熔岩 Block lava	18.65	0.03	10	14.32	0.26	14	19.40	1.71	12	49.9	9.93	16

表2 五大连池生物多样性特征(植物数据来自于作者野外调查, 动物数据来自于五大连池自然保护区管理局①（① 五大连池自然保护区管理局 (2005) 五大连池自然保护区科学考察报告.）)

Table 2 Biodiversity characteristic of Wudalianchi (Data of plants come from field investigation and data of animals come from the report “Scientific investigation report of Wudalianchi Nature Reserve”)

	地衣 Lichen	苔藓 Moss	维管束植物 Vascular plant	鱼类 Fish	两栖类 Amphibians	鸟类 Bird	脊椎动物 Mammal
科数 No. of family	8	42	103	9	8	40	16
属数 No. of genus	18	85	316	-	-	-	-
种数 No. of species	40	116	560	41	14	207	46

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黑龙江五大连池的生态价值分析

An analysis of the ecological value of Wudalianchi, Heilongjiang Province, China

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