生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 63-70.  DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08262

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

黑龙江五大连池的生态价值分析

周志强1, 徐丽娇1, 张玉红1, 夏春梅2, 李洪光3, 刘彤2,*(), 马克平4   

  1. 1 东北林业大学森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150040
    2 东北林业大学林学院, 哈尔滨 150040
    3 五大连池风景区管委会, 黑龙江五大连池 164155
    4 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
  • 收稿日期:2010-10-30 接受日期:2011-01-09 出版日期:2011-01-20 发布日期:2011-04-01
  • 通讯作者: 刘彤
  • 作者简介:*E-mail: frauliutong@yahoo.com.cn
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省科技攻关重大项目(GA09B201-02)

An analysis of the ecological value of Wudalianchi, Heilongjiang Province, China

Zhiqiang Zhou1, Lijiao Xu1, Yuhong Zhang1, Chunmei Xia2, Hongguang Li3, Tong Liu2,*(), Keping Ma4   

  1. 1 The Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040
    2 The School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040
    3 Wudalianchi Scenic Area and Nature Reserve Management Committee, Wudalianchi, Heilongjiang 164155
    4 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
  • Received:2010-10-30 Accepted:2011-01-09 Online:2011-01-20 Published:2011-04-01
  • Contact: Tong Liu

摘要:

黑龙江五大连池处于大小兴安岭和松嫩平原的交错地带, 在过去210万年间经历了7次大规模的火山喷发, 是中国保存最为完好的内陆火山遗迹, 2010年被我国政府遴选为世界自然遗产提名地。为了科学、准确地阐述五大连池生态方面的突出普遍价值, 本文在《实施世界遗产公约操作指南》的框架下, 整合野外调查数据和文献资料, 在与其他相关世界遗产地充分比较的基础上, 较为全面地分析了五大连池的生态价值。五大连池植物地理特征交错, 区系来源广泛; 物种组成相对丰富; 发育在熔岩台地上的矮曲林反映了植物的特殊适应过程; 特有成因形成了陆生和水生两个完整的植被演替序列; 陆生植被演替同时存在普通演替和斑块动态演替两种模式, 在熔岩地貌上斑块动态演替模式更为随机而高效。上述生态特征充分展示了五大连池正在进行的生物生态过程, 体现了五大连池独特的生态价值, 为后续有效保护和深入科学研究提供了支撑。

关键词: 五大连池, 生态价值, 植被演替, 生态交错区, 适应

Abstract

Wudalianchi is located within the ecotone between the Great Hinggan Mountains, the Less Hinggan Mountains and the forest steppes of the Songnen Plain. As a result of seven volcanic eruptions in the past 2.1 million years, Wudalianchi contains the most well-preserved intra-continental volcanic remains in China, and was nominated in 2010 as a World Heritage Property. In order to state “the outstanding universal values” of the nominated property in terms of biodiversity and ecological processes, we analyzed data from field investigations and scientific literature under the lens of the Operational Guidelines provided by the World Heritage Committee, compared this data with data from other related Word Heritage Properties in order to analyze the ecological value of the site. We found the following: the property exhibits intersecting geographic characters of vegetation and extensive floral components; high relative species richness; special adaptations shown by dwarf poplar forests that developed under harsh climatic conditions and poor substrate; two distinct sequences of terrestrial and aquatic vegetation succession that has developed in this area, and patch dynamic succession model on block lava and pahoehoe lava was more random and efficient than the normal succession model. All of the above-mentioned characteristics show the on-going biological and ecological process and the outstanding ecological values of the property. We hope that our results will promote further scientific research and protection in this area.

Key words: Wudalianchi, ecological value, vegetation succession, ecotone, adaptation