生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1288-1294. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020490
收稿日期:
2020-12-31
接受日期:
2021-06-25
出版日期:
2021-10-20
发布日期:
2021-10-20
通讯作者:
徐卫华
作者简介:
* E-mail: xuweihua@rcees.ac.cn基金资助:
Nan Jiang1,2, Weihua Xu1,*(), Juanjuan Zhao3, Yi Xiao1
Received:
2020-12-31
Accepted:
2021-06-25
Online:
2021-10-20
Published:
2021-10-20
Contact:
Weihua Xu
摘要:
我国建立国家公园的主要目的是保护自然生态系统的原真性、完整性, 然而原真性的概念尚不明确, 评估方法亟待建立。本文尝试厘清原真性的概念, 讨论其在保护实践中的价值, 探究生态系统原真性的评价方法, 以期提升国家公园体制建设和自然保护地规划管理的科学性; 并以长白山地区为例, 基于森林清查数据, 从植被角度选取起源方式、优势树种、林龄和单位蓄积4项指标构建森林生态系统原真性评价指标体系, 建立权重系数、原真性值计算公式和等级划分标准。评价结果显示, 研究区域森林生态系统原真性值为0.69, 和龙市、安图县、抚松县、临江市和长白朝鲜族自治县分别为0.70、0.71、0.67、0.60和0.63。原真性从高到低5个等级的面积之比为9 : 44 : 33 : 11 : 3, 原真性高与极高的森林面积比例占53%, 空间分布呈现以长白山主峰为中心向东、北、西逐渐降低的趋势。建议基于对区域生态系统原生状态的全面了解, 加强不同尺度、组成要素的原真性指标体系及评价方法研究。
江南, 徐卫华, 赵娟娟, 肖燚 (2021) 生态系统原真性概念及评价方法: 以长白山地区为例. 生物多样性, 29, 1288-1294. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020490.
Nan Jiang, Weihua Xu, Juanjuan Zhao, Yi Xiao (2021) Concept and assessment method of ecosystem authenticity: The case of Changbai Mountains area. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1288-1294. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2020490.
内容 Content | 指标 Index | 说明 Introduction | 权重 Weight |
---|---|---|---|
森林起源 Forest origin | 起源方式 Mode of origin | 森林的主要生成方式 The main ways of forest formation | 0.3 |
演替阶段 Succession stage | 优势树种 Dominant tree | 森林小班内蓄积量占比最大的树种 The tree with the largest volume in forest sub-compartment | 0.3 |
龄组 Age group | 根据优势树种平均年龄划分 Classification by mean age of dominant tree | 0.3 | |
生长状况 Growth status | 单位蓄积 Unit stock volume | 单位面积活立木材积总量 Total volume of living standing trees per unit area | 0.1 |
表1 森林生态系统原真性评价指标权重
Table 1 Weight of evaluation index for authenticity of forest ecosystem
内容 Content | 指标 Index | 说明 Introduction | 权重 Weight |
---|---|---|---|
森林起源 Forest origin | 起源方式 Mode of origin | 森林的主要生成方式 The main ways of forest formation | 0.3 |
演替阶段 Succession stage | 优势树种 Dominant tree | 森林小班内蓄积量占比最大的树种 The tree with the largest volume in forest sub-compartment | 0.3 |
龄组 Age group | 根据优势树种平均年龄划分 Classification by mean age of dominant tree | 0.3 | |
生长状况 Growth status | 单位蓄积 Unit stock volume | 单位面积活立木材积总量 Total volume of living standing trees per unit area | 0.1 |
指标 Index | 属性 Attribute | 赋值 Value |
---|---|---|
起源方式 Mode of origin | 天然更新 Natural regeneration | 1.0 |
飞播造林 Aerial seeding | 0.6 | |
人工造林 Artificial afforestation | 0.2 | |
优势树种 Dominant tree species | 顶级种组 Climax species group | 1.0 |
过渡种组 Developing species group | 0.6 | |
先锋种组 Pioneer species group | 0.4 | |
经济树种 Benefit-oriented species | 0.2 | |
龄组 Age group | 成过熟林 Mature forest | 1.0 |
近熟林 Near mature forest | 0.8 | |
中龄林 Middle forest | 0.4 | |
幼龄林 Young forest | 0.2 |
表2 原真性评价指标属性及定量赋值
Table 2 Attribute and quantitative assignment of evaluation index for authenticity
指标 Index | 属性 Attribute | 赋值 Value |
---|---|---|
起源方式 Mode of origin | 天然更新 Natural regeneration | 1.0 |
飞播造林 Aerial seeding | 0.6 | |
人工造林 Artificial afforestation | 0.2 | |
优势树种 Dominant tree species | 顶级种组 Climax species group | 1.0 |
过渡种组 Developing species group | 0.6 | |
先锋种组 Pioneer species group | 0.4 | |
经济树种 Benefit-oriented species | 0.2 | |
龄组 Age group | 成过熟林 Mature forest | 1.0 |
近熟林 Near mature forest | 0.8 | |
中龄林 Middle forest | 0.4 | |
幼龄林 Young forest | 0.2 |
图1 长白山地区森林生态系统不同原真性等级主要植被类型面积比例。Mn: 针叶混交林; Mb: 阔叶混交林; Md: 针阔混交林; N1: 红松林; N2: 云冷杉林; N3: 落叶松林; B1: 椴树林; B2: 栎林; B3: 白桦林; B4: 杨树林; OT: 其他。
Fig. 1 Proportion of major vegetation types with different authenticity levels of forest ecosystem in the Changbai Mountains. Mn, Coniferous mixed forest; Mb, Broad-leaved mixed forest; Md, Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest; N1, The forest with Pinus koraiensis as dominant tree; N2, The forest with Picea spp. and Abies spp. as dominant tree; N3, The forest with Larix spp. as dominant tree; B1, The forest with Tilia spp. as dominant tree; B2, The forest with Quercus spp. as dominant tree; B3, The forest with Betula platyphylla as dominant tree; B4, The forest with Populus spp. as dominant tree; OT: Others.
图2 长白山地区森林生态系统原真性值空间分布图。a: 和龙市; b: 安图县; c: 抚松县; d: 临江市; e: 长白朝鲜族自治县。
Fig.2 Spatial distribution of the authenticity value of forest ecosystem in the Changbai Mountains. a, Helong City; b, Antu County; c, Fusong County; d, Linjiang City; e, Korean Autonomous County of Changbai.
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