海南岛热带低地雨林群落水平植物功能性状与环境因子相关性随演替阶段的变化

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10012

生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 278-287. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10012

海南岛热带低地雨林群落水平植物功能性状与环境因子相关性随演替阶段的变化

卜文圣¹, 臧润国^1,^*(), 丁易¹, 张俊艳¹, 阮云泽²

1 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所; 国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室, 北京 100091
2 海南大学农学院, 海口 570228

收稿日期:2013-01-09 接受日期:2013-04-03 出版日期:2013-05-20 发布日期:2013-06-05
通讯作者: 臧润国
基金资助:
“十二五”科技支撑项目(2012BAD22B0103);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFRIFEEP201103)

Relationships between plant functional traits at the community level and environmental factors during succession in a tropical lowland rainforest on Hainan Island, South China

Wensheng Bu¹, Runguo Zang^1,^*(), Yi Ding¹, Junyan Zhang¹, Yunze Ruan²

1 Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100091
2 College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228

Received:2013-01-09 Accepted:2013-04-03 Online:2013-05-20 Published:2013-06-05
Contact: Zang Runguo

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以功能性状为基础的方法可以用来探讨植物群落中功能性状如何响应环境并揭示植物生态策略的潜在驱动力, 但有关功能性状与环境因子之间的关系随植物群落演替变化的研究仍然匮乏。作者以海南岛热带低地雨林刀耕火种弃耕后处于不同演替阶段的次生林(包括弃耕后恢复15年、30年及60年的次生林)和老龄林为对象, 通过群落学调查和对木本植物的功能性状及样地环境因子的测定, 分析了群落水平植物功能性状与环境因子关系随演替阶段的变化规律。结果表明, 随着演替的进行, 林冠开阔度、土壤养分、比叶面积、叶片氮含量、叶片磷含量和叶片总有机碳含量逐渐降低, 叶片干物质含量、木材密度、潜在最大高度逐渐升高, 而土壤水分和叶片钾含量变化不大。多元逐步回归分析表明, 影响群落水平植物功能性状的主要环境因子随演替阶段而发生显著的变化, 在15年、30年和60年的次生林及老龄林中, 对群落水平植物功能性状影响最大的环境因子依次为土壤有机质和pH值、林冠开阔度和土壤总磷含量、土壤总钾和有效磷含量, 以及土壤有机质含量和磷含量。同一功能性状在不同演替阶段受到不同环境因子的控制, 同时各功能性状又能够对不同演替阶段所处的特殊环境产生一定的适应性。

关键词: 热带低地雨林, 植物功能性状, 次生演替, 刀耕火种, 环境因子

Abstract

We explored how plant functional traits respond to environmental factors and examined the underlying mechanism driving the ecological strategies of plant species in a community. Experiments were conducted at four randomly selected tropical lowland rainforests at different successional stages:15-, 30- and 60-year-old secondary forests and one old-growth forest, each in the Bawangling Nature Reserve of Hainan Island. A total of 200 plots (20 m×20 m) were sampled. Individuals of tree and shrub species with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥1 cm were identified and both their functional traits and the environmental factors in each plot were measured. ANOVA showed that canopy openness, level of soil nutrients, specific leaf area, and content of total organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus within the leaf decreased at the community level during the successional process. Meanwhile, leaf dry matter content, wood density and potential maximum height increased. However, soil water content and leaf potassium content, changed non-significantly. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that environmental factors driving functional traits at the community level varied during the successional process. The key environmental factors were soil organic matter and pH value in the 15-year-old secondary forest; canopy openness and soil total phosphorus content in the 30-year-old secondary forest; available phosphorus and total potassium content of the soil in the 60-year-old secondary forest; and soil phosphorus content and organic matter content in the old-growth forest. Our results indicate that at different successional stages, the same functional traits respond to different environmental factors, enabling adaptation to specific environmental conditions.

Key words: tropical lowland rainforest, plant functional traits, secondary succession, shifting cultivation, environmental factors

卜文圣, 臧润国, 丁易, 张俊艳, 阮云泽 (2013) 海南岛热带低地雨林群落水平植物功能性状与环境因子相关性随演替阶段的变化. 生物多样性, 21, 278-287. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10012.

Wensheng Bu,Runguo Zang,Yi Ding,Junyan Zhang,Yunze Ruan (2013) Relationships between plant functional traits at the community level and environmental factors during succession in a tropical lowland rainforest on Hainan Island, South China. Biodiversity Science, 21, 278-287. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10012.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.10012

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I3/278

图/表 4

表1 海南岛热带低地雨林各演替阶段的样地基本信息(括号内的数值为均值)

Table 1 Basic information of tropical lowland rainforest plots at different successional stages in the Bawangling Nature Reserve (the number is the mean of value in the brackets)

演替阶段	海拔	凹凸度	坡度	干扰类型
Stages	Elevation	Convex	Slope	Disturbance type
15年次生林 15-year-old secondary forest	419-520(467)	-7到7(0)	5-27.3(14.1)	刀耕火种 Shifting cultivation
30年次生林 30-year-old secondary forest	514-576(545)	-10到12(0.2)	9-38.6(23.5)	刀耕火种 Shifting cultivation
60年次生林 60-year-old secondary forest	474-515(498)	-14到9(-0.1)	8-39.2(19.4)	刀耕火种 Shifting cultivation
老龄林 Old-growth forest (OG)	550-650(598)	-18到14(-1)	7-39.5(27.0)	未干扰 No disturbance

图1 海南岛霸王岭不同演替阶段低地雨林环境因子的变异。不同的字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.1 Variations of environmental factors during different successional stages of tropical lowland rainforest in Bawangling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island. CO, Canopy openness; WC, Water content; BD, Bulk density; pH, pH value; SOM, Soil organic matter; TN, Total nitrogen; TP, Total phosphorus; TK, Total potassium; AN, Available nitrogen; AP, Available phosphorus and AK, Available potassium. Abbreviations of other parameters are same as Table 1. Boxes with different letters differ significantly at P <0.05.

图2 海南岛霸王岭不同演替阶段低地雨林植物功能性状的变异。不同的字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig. 2 Variations of plant functional traits during different successional stages of tropical lowland rainforest in Bawangling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island. SLA, Specific leaf area; LDMC, Leaf dry matter content; WD, Wood density; Hmax, Potential maximum height; LNC, Leaf nitrogen content; LPC, Leaf phosphorus content; LKC, Leaf potassium content; LCC, Leaf total organic carbon. Abbreviations of other parameters are same as Table 1. Boxes with different letters differ significantly at P < 0.05.

表2 不同演替阶段功能性状和环境因子的多元逐步回归结果(环境变量的数值为通径系数, R2为决定系数, AIC为赤池信息准则, 其余简写变量的含义同图1和图2)。

Table 2 Multiple regression analysis between abundance-weighted mean value and environmental variables in different successional stages. The values of environmental variables are path coefficients (standardized regression coefficient) in regression model. R2 indicates coefficient of determination. AIC indicates Alkaike’s information criterion. Abbreviations of other variables are the same as Fig.1 and Fig. 2.

阶段	性状	环境变量 Environmental variables								回归方程参数 Parameters
Stage	Trait	CO	BD	pH	SOM	TP	TK	AN	AP	R²	AIC	P
15年次生林 15-year-old secondary forest (15yr)
	SLA				0.47					0.12	154.6	0.0145
	LDMC
	WD				0.18					0.17	37.5	0.0029
	Hmax
	LNC			0.30						0.15	97.4	0.0064
	LPC
	LKC			0.38					-0.20	0.27	101.2	0.0005
	LCC				-0.41					0.21	107.2	0.0009
30年次生林 30-year-old secondary forest (30yr)
	SLA	-0.63				0.45				0.34	138.9	<0.0001
	LDMC								-0.30	0.15	87.1	0.005
	WD	-0.32								0.15	56.3	0.0057
	Hmax	0.67				-0.30				0.35	117.6	<0.0001
	LNC	0.35				0.28				0.16	104.2	0.0154
	LPC	0.75			-0.19		0.22			0.41	106.3	<0.0001
	LKC	-0.90				0.33				0.39	142.0	<0.0001
	LCC	0.74						-0.40		0.39	127.4	<0.0001
60年次生林 60-year-old secondary forest (60yr)
	SLA						0.71			0.60	92.5	<0.0001
	LDMC						-0.53		-0.40	0.65	91.5	<0.0001
	WD						-0.28		-0.40	0.62	52.2	<0.0001
	Hmax						-0.48		-0.60	0.56	117.2	<0.0001
	LNC						0.37		0.48	0.67	72.1	<0.0001
	LPC						0.11		0.19	0.63	-26.3	<0.0001
	LKC				-0.29				0.70	0.37	125.9	<0.0001
	LCC		-0.13				0.37			0.49	54.7	<0.0001
老龄林 Old-growth forest (OG)
	SLA				-0.28	0.29				0.41	59.0	<0.0001
	LDMC				-0.23	0.32				0.21	80.6	0.035
	WD				-0.26		-0.44			0.32	52.0	0.0001
	Hmax								0.59	0.14	90.8	0.0079
	LNC				-0.72					0.18	140.7	0.0022
	LPC				-0.24					0.21	19.8	0.0008
	LKC				0.68					0.17	137.6	0.0029
	LCC				0.47				0.62	0.31	100.5	0.0002

阶段	性状	环境变量 Environmental variables								回归方程参数 Parameters
Stage	Trait	CO	BD	pH	SOM	TP	TK	AN	AP	R²	AIC	P
15年次生林 15-year-old secondary forest (15yr)
	SLA				0.47					0.12	154.6	0.0145
	LDMC
	WD				0.18					0.17	37.5	0.0029
	Hmax
	LNC			0.30						0.15	97.4	0.0064
	LPC
	LKC			0.38					-0.20	0.27	101.2	0.0005
	LCC				-0.41					0.21	107.2	0.0009
30年次生林 30-year-old secondary forest (30yr)
	SLA	-0.63				0.45				0.34	138.9	<0.0001
	LDMC								-0.30	0.15	87.1	0.005
	WD	-0.32								0.15	56.3	0.0057
	Hmax	0.67				-0.30				0.35	117.6	<0.0001
	LNC	0.35				0.28				0.16	104.2	0.0154
	LPC	0.75			-0.19		0.22			0.41	106.3	<0.0001
	LKC	-0.90				0.33				0.39	142.0	<0.0001
	LCC	0.74						-0.40		0.39	127.4	<0.0001
60年次生林 60-year-old secondary forest (60yr)
	SLA						0.71			0.60	92.5	<0.0001
	LDMC						-0.53		-0.40	0.65	91.5	<0.0001
	WD						-0.28		-0.40	0.62	52.2	<0.0001
	Hmax						-0.48		-0.60	0.56	117.2	<0.0001
	LNC						0.37		0.48	0.67	72.1	<0.0001
	LPC						0.11		0.19	0.63	-26.3	<0.0001
	LKC				-0.29				0.70	0.37	125.9	<0.0001
	LCC		-0.13				0.37			0.49	54.7	<0.0001
老龄林 Old-growth forest (OG)
	SLA				-0.28	0.29				0.41	59.0	<0.0001
	LDMC				-0.23	0.32				0.21	80.6	0.035
	WD				-0.26		-0.44			0.32	52.0	0.0001
	Hmax								0.59	0.14	90.8	0.0079
	LNC				-0.72					0.18	140.7	0.0022
	LPC				-0.24					0.21	19.8	0.0008
	LKC				0.68					0.17	137.6	0.0029
	LCC				0.47				0.62	0.31	100.5	0.0002

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海南岛热带低地雨林群落水平植物功能性状与环境因子相关性随演替阶段的变化

Relationships between plant functional traits at the community level and environmental factors during succession in a tropical lowland rainforest on Hainan Island, South China

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