生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 589-596. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08033
收稿日期:
2011-02-28
接受日期:
2011-05-06
出版日期:
2011-09-20
发布日期:
2011-10-08
通讯作者:
陈进
作者简介:
*E-mail: cj@xtbg.org.cnReceived:
2011-02-28
Accepted:
2011-05-06
Online:
2011-09-20
Published:
2011-10-08
Contact:
Chen Jin
摘要:
植物园每年都吸引大量的游客, 是向公众展示生物多样性和开展生物多样性教育的重要场所。了解游客参观植物园的动机以及游览后的满意度, 对植物园的运营及科普功能的发挥至关重要。作者选择厦门园林植物园、中国科学院武汉植物园、北京市植物园、中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物园和中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园5个植物园为研究对象, 通过向游览后即将离园的游客发放问卷, 调查游客的游览动机和满意度, 分析了其社会学因素, 得到了以下研究结果: (1)不同植物园的游客参观植物园的动机不尽相同。“亲近自然”是游客游览植物园的普遍动机, 其次是“放松身心”和“欣赏美景”。在厦门植物园, “与亲人或朋友在一起”也是游客的游览动机之一。(2)“增长相关的知识”作为游览动机没有得到显著的支持。(3)游客对5个植物园的游览基本上是满意的。文中讨论了植物园应该如何根据游客的游览动机更好地经营植物园, 同时发挥植物园的科普及环境教育功能。
贺赫, 陈进 (2011) 中国植物园游客游览动机及满意度调查. 生物多样性, 19, 589-596. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08033.
He He, Chen Jin (2011) Visiting motivation and satisfaction of visitors to Chinese botanical gardens. Biodiversity Science, 19, 589-596. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.08033.
特征变量 Characteristics of interviewees | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 北京植物园 Beijing BG | 昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 Gender | |||||
男 Male | 39 | 43 | 47 | 46 | 53 |
女 Female | 61 | 57 | 53 | 54 | 47 |
年龄 Age | |||||
20岁以下 Below 20 years old | 19 | 22 | 8 | 24 | 5 |
20-30岁 20-30 years old | 31 | 41 | 47 | 51 | 39 |
31-40岁 31-40 years old | 30 | 25 | 33 | 16 | 32 |
41-50岁 41-50 years old | 12 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 16 |
50岁以上 Above 50 years old | 8 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 8 |
受教育程度 Education | |||||
高中及以下 Junior high school and below | 30 | 32 | 16 | 23 | 22 |
大专 Junior college | 21 | 19 | 23 | 28 | 33 |
大学 College or university | 40 | 38 | 38 | 45 | 38 |
硕士及以上 Graduate school | 9 | 11 | 23 | 4 | 7 |
来源地 Residence | |||||
本省 Native | 55 | 74 | 55 | 80 | 22 |
省外 Other provinces | 45 | 26 | 45 | 20 | 78 |
游览植物园次数 Previous visit to BG | |||||
第一次 First time | 54 | 66 | 29 | 47 | 85 |
第二次 Second time | 6 | 15 | 8 | 15 | 9 |
3次及以上 Three times or more | 40 | 19 | 63 | 38 | 6 |
样本量 Sample size | 402 | 401 | 262 | 400 | 400 |
表1 被调查者基本特征变量(百分比)
Table 1 Demographic and relative characteristics of interviewees (%)
特征变量 Characteristics of interviewees | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 北京植物园 Beijing BG | 昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 Gender | |||||
男 Male | 39 | 43 | 47 | 46 | 53 |
女 Female | 61 | 57 | 53 | 54 | 47 |
年龄 Age | |||||
20岁以下 Below 20 years old | 19 | 22 | 8 | 24 | 5 |
20-30岁 20-30 years old | 31 | 41 | 47 | 51 | 39 |
31-40岁 31-40 years old | 30 | 25 | 33 | 16 | 32 |
41-50岁 41-50 years old | 12 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 16 |
50岁以上 Above 50 years old | 8 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 8 |
受教育程度 Education | |||||
高中及以下 Junior high school and below | 30 | 32 | 16 | 23 | 22 |
大专 Junior college | 21 | 19 | 23 | 28 | 33 |
大学 College or university | 40 | 38 | 38 | 45 | 38 |
硕士及以上 Graduate school | 9 | 11 | 23 | 4 | 7 |
来源地 Residence | |||||
本省 Native | 55 | 74 | 55 | 80 | 22 |
省外 Other provinces | 45 | 26 | 45 | 20 | 78 |
游览植物园次数 Previous visit to BG | |||||
第一次 First time | 54 | 66 | 29 | 47 | 85 |
第二次 Second time | 6 | 15 | 8 | 15 | 9 |
3次及以上 Three times or more | 40 | 19 | 63 | 38 | 6 |
样本量 Sample size | 402 | 401 | 262 | 400 | 400 |
游览动机 Traveling motivation | 植物园 Botanical garden | 均值(标准差) Mean (SD) | 非常不同意 Strongly disagree | 不同意 Disagree | 没意见 No comments | 同意 Agree | 非常同意 Strongly agree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
放松身心 To relax | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.36(0.70) | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.30(0.62) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.40(0.62) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4.33(0.68) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.32(0.73) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
亲近自然 To get close to nature | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.51(0.55) | * | * | * | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.45(0.61) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.42(0.63) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4,38(0.74) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4,48(0.70) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
与亲人或朋友在一起 To be together with relatives or friends | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.40(0.68) | * | * | * | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.25(0.71) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.27(0.68) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4.31(0.71) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.21(0.74) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
学习相关的知识 To gain relative knowledge | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.09(0.81) | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.10(0.75) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 3.73(0.88) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 3.97(0.83) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.21(0.77) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
锻炼身体 To do exercises | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.15(0.88) | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 3.67(0.90) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 3.92(0.88) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 3.54(0.92) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 3.87(0.96) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
找一个独处的地方 To be lonely | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 3.30(1.12) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 3.21(1.14) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 3.26(1.04) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 3.42(1.09) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 3.34(1.11) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
欣赏美景 To enjoy the beautiful scenery | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.41(0.68) | * | * | * | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.34(0.69) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.29(0.77) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4.27(0.74) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.46(0.73) | * | * | * | NS | NS |
表2 植物园游客游览动机均值及和Likert五点量表不同等级的差异显著性
Table 2 Mean value of botanical gardens (BGs) tourists’ traveling motivations and the significance of differences compared to the category of the Likert Five-point Scale
游览动机 Traveling motivation | 植物园 Botanical garden | 均值(标准差) Mean (SD) | 非常不同意 Strongly disagree | 不同意 Disagree | 没意见 No comments | 同意 Agree | 非常同意 Strongly agree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
放松身心 To relax | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.36(0.70) | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.30(0.62) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.40(0.62) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4.33(0.68) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.32(0.73) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
亲近自然 To get close to nature | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.51(0.55) | * | * | * | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.45(0.61) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.42(0.63) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4,38(0.74) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4,48(0.70) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
与亲人或朋友在一起 To be together with relatives or friends | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.40(0.68) | * | * | * | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.25(0.71) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.27(0.68) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4.31(0.71) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.21(0.74) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
学习相关的知识 To gain relative knowledge | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.09(0.81) | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.10(0.75) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 3.73(0.88) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 3.97(0.83) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.21(0.77) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
锻炼身体 To do exercises | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.15(0.88) | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 3.67(0.90) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 3.92(0.88) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 3.54(0.92) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 3.87(0.96) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
找一个独处的地方 To be lonely | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 3.30(1.12) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 3.21(1.14) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 3.26(1.04) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 3.42(1.09) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 3.34(1.11) | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
欣赏美景 To enjoy the beautiful scenery | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.41(0.68) | * | * | * | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.34(0.69) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.29(0.77) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4.27(0.74) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.46(0.73) | * | * | * | NS | NS |
满意度指标 Indicators for satisfactory degree | 植物园 Botanical garden | 均值(标准差) Mean (SD) | 非常不愿意Strongly disagree | 不愿意 Disagree | 没意见 No comments | 愿意 Agree | 非常愿意 Strongly agree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
重游意愿 Willing to revisit | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.26(0.90) | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.18(0.85) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.64(0.63) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4.45(0.77) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.11(0.84) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
推荐意愿 Willing to recommend | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.49(0.77) | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.37(0.77) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.56(0.60) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4.44(0.72) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.59(0.67) | * | * | * | NS | NS |
表3 重游意愿和推荐意愿均值及和Likert五点量表不同等级的差异显著性
Table 3 Mean value of willing to revisit and willing to recommend and the significance of differences compared to the category of the Likert Five-point Scale
满意度指标 Indicators for satisfactory degree | 植物园 Botanical garden | 均值(标准差) Mean (SD) | 非常不愿意Strongly disagree | 不愿意 Disagree | 没意见 No comments | 愿意 Agree | 非常愿意 Strongly agree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
重游意愿 Willing to revisit | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.26(0.90) | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.18(0.85) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.64(0.63) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4.45(0.77) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.11(0.84) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
推荐意愿 Willing to recommend | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 4.49(0.77) | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 4.37(0.77) | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 4.56(0.60) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 4.44(0.72) | * | * | * | NS | NS | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 4.59(0.67) | * | * | * | NS | NS |
满意度指标 Indicator of satisfactory degree | 植物园 Botanical garden | 均值(标准差) Mean (SD) | 价格合适 Reasonable | 价格偏高 Expensive |
---|---|---|---|---|
门票评价 Assessment of BG ticket | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 1.52(0.51) | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 1.47(0.50) | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 1.05(0.31) | NS | * | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 1.13(0.40) | NS | * | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 1.38(0.49) | NS | NS |
表4 门票评价均值及和Likert五点量表不同等级的差异显著性
Table 4 Mean value of assessment to botanical gardens (BGs) ticket and the significance of differences compared to the category of the Likert Five- point Scale
满意度指标 Indicator of satisfactory degree | 植物园 Botanical garden | 均值(标准差) Mean (SD) | 价格合适 Reasonable | 价格偏高 Expensive |
---|---|---|---|---|
门票评价 Assessment of BG ticket | 厦门植物园 Xiamen BG | 1.52(0.51) | NS | NS |
武汉植物园 Wuhan BG | 1.47(0.50) | NS | NS | |
北京植物园 Beijing BG | 1.05(0.31) | NS | * | |
昆明植物园 Kunming BG | 1.13(0.40) | NS | * | |
版纳植物园 Xishuangbanna BG | 1.38(0.49) | NS | NS |
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