生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 168-176. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09169
许涵1,*(), 李意德1, 骆土寿1, 陈德祥1, 林明献2, 杨怀2
收稿日期:
2011-09-22
接受日期:
2012-02-13
出版日期:
2012-03-20
发布日期:
2012-04-09
通讯作者:
许涵
作者简介:
* E-mail: hanxu81@gmail.com基金资助:
Han Xu1,*(), Yide Li1, Tushou Luo1, Dexiang Chen1, Mingxian Lin2, Huai Yang2
Received:
2011-09-22
Accepted:
2012-02-13
Online:
2012-03-20
Published:
2012-04-09
Contact:
Han Xu
摘要:
特有种子植物是热带森林植物区系的一个重要组成部分, 且很容易受到人为干扰的影响, 但是森林采伐对特有种子植物的影响少有报道。本文基于164个25 m×25 m植被公里网格样地数据, 分析了海南岛尖峰岭地区海南特有种子植物(以下简称特有种子植物)的组成结构、样地内特有种子植物物种数与总物种数之间的关系; 并从种-面积曲线、累积种-个体关系和物种多度分布3个方面比较了原始林、径级择伐林和皆伐林样地中特有种子植物的物种多样性变化规律。结果显示: 尖峰岭地区特有种子植物种类丰富, 共有158种, 占全岛(397种)的40%; 其中木本特有种子植物达98种(藤本除外), 在164个样地内共记录到胸径≥1.0 cm的52种, 占整个尖峰岭地区的53%, 以樟科、壳斗科、茜草科种类为主。样地内特有种子植物的物种数与总物种数成正相关关系。采伐后特别是径级择伐后特有种子植物物种数略微增加, 但增加的种类大多仅在1-2个样地中出现; 而且种群也比较小, 表现为较稀有且不稳定的种群结构特征, 在后续的更新中消失的可能性较大。但是, 采伐后一些特有种子植物仍具有中等大小的种群, 例如毛荔枝(Nephelium topengii)、海南紫荆木(Madhuca hainanensis)和尖峰岭锥(Castanopsis jianfenglingensis)等。
许涵, 李意德, 骆土寿, 陈德祥, 林明献, 杨怀 (2012) 森林采伐对尖峰岭海南特有种子植物多样性的影响. 生物多样性, 20, 168-176. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09169.
Han Xu, Yide Li, Tushou Luo, Dexiang Chen, Mingxian Lin, Huai Yang (2012) Impacts of forest logging on the species diversity of endemic seed plants from Hainan Island. Biodiversity Science, 20, 168-176. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09169.
科名 Family | 尖峰岭地区 Jianfengling district | 164个样地 164 quadrats | |
---|---|---|---|
特有种子植物 Endemic seed plant species | 特有木本种子植物, 不含藤本 Woody endemic seed plant species (excluding lianas) | 特有木本种子植物, 不含藤本 Woody endemic seed plant species (excluding lianas) | |
樟科 Lauraceae | 18 | 18 | 9 |
壳斗科 Fagaceae | 10 | 10 | 6 |
茜草科 Rubiaceae | 19 | 9 | 5 |
柿树科 Ebenaceae | 5 | 5 | 4 |
桃金娘科 Myrtaceae | 8 | 8 | 3 |
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 6 | 6 | 3 |
无患子科 Sapindaceae | 4 | 4 | 3 |
茶科 Theaceae | 3 | 3 | 3 |
紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae | 5 | 5 | 2 |
冬青科 Aquifoliaceae | 3 | 3 | 2 |
山矾科 Symplocaceae | 2 | 2 | 2 |
蝶形花科 Papilionaceae | 7 | 3 | 1 |
木犀科 Oleaceae | 3 | 2 | 1 |
茶茱萸科 Icacinaceae | 2 | 2 | 1 |
山榄科 Sapotaceae | 2 | 2 | 1 |
瑞香科 Thymelaeaceae | 2 | 2 | 1 |
牛栓藤科 Connaraceae | 1 | 1 | 1 |
金楼梅科 Hamamelidaceae | 1 | 1 | 1 |
胡桃科 Juglandaceae | 1 | 1 | 1 |
山龙眼科 Proteaceae | 1 | 1 | 1 |
梧桐科 Sterculiaceae | 2 | 2 | 1 |
卫茅科 Celastraceae | 2 | 2 | 0 |
夹竹桃科 Apocynaceae | 5 | 1 | 0 |
唇形科 Lamiaceae | 2 | 1 | 0 |
苏铁科 Cycadaceae | 1 | 1 | 0 |
杜英科 Elaeocarpaceae | 1 | 1 | 0 |
木兰科 Magnoliaceae | 1 | 1 | 0 |
马鞭草 Vitaceae | 1 | 1 | 0 |
莎草科 Cyperaceae | 5 | 0 | 0 |
兰科 Orchidaceae | 5 | 0 | 0 |
苦苣苔科 Gesneriaceae | 4 | 0 | 0 |
棕榈科 Palmaceae | 3 | 0 | 0 |
爵床科等6科① | 1 | 0 | 0 |
天南星科等11科② | 2 | 0 | 0 |
总计 Total | 158 | 98 | 52 |
表1 海南岛尖峰岭地区及164个样地中海南特有种子植物物种数统计
Table 1 Summary of the seed plant species endemic to Hainan Island in Jianfengling and 164 quadrats
科名 Family | 尖峰岭地区 Jianfengling district | 164个样地 164 quadrats | |
---|---|---|---|
特有种子植物 Endemic seed plant species | 特有木本种子植物, 不含藤本 Woody endemic seed plant species (excluding lianas) | 特有木本种子植物, 不含藤本 Woody endemic seed plant species (excluding lianas) | |
樟科 Lauraceae | 18 | 18 | 9 |
壳斗科 Fagaceae | 10 | 10 | 6 |
茜草科 Rubiaceae | 19 | 9 | 5 |
柿树科 Ebenaceae | 5 | 5 | 4 |
桃金娘科 Myrtaceae | 8 | 8 | 3 |
大戟科 Euphorbiaceae | 6 | 6 | 3 |
无患子科 Sapindaceae | 4 | 4 | 3 |
茶科 Theaceae | 3 | 3 | 3 |
紫金牛科 Myrsinaceae | 5 | 5 | 2 |
冬青科 Aquifoliaceae | 3 | 3 | 2 |
山矾科 Symplocaceae | 2 | 2 | 2 |
蝶形花科 Papilionaceae | 7 | 3 | 1 |
木犀科 Oleaceae | 3 | 2 | 1 |
茶茱萸科 Icacinaceae | 2 | 2 | 1 |
山榄科 Sapotaceae | 2 | 2 | 1 |
瑞香科 Thymelaeaceae | 2 | 2 | 1 |
牛栓藤科 Connaraceae | 1 | 1 | 1 |
金楼梅科 Hamamelidaceae | 1 | 1 | 1 |
胡桃科 Juglandaceae | 1 | 1 | 1 |
山龙眼科 Proteaceae | 1 | 1 | 1 |
梧桐科 Sterculiaceae | 2 | 2 | 1 |
卫茅科 Celastraceae | 2 | 2 | 0 |
夹竹桃科 Apocynaceae | 5 | 1 | 0 |
唇形科 Lamiaceae | 2 | 1 | 0 |
苏铁科 Cycadaceae | 1 | 1 | 0 |
杜英科 Elaeocarpaceae | 1 | 1 | 0 |
木兰科 Magnoliaceae | 1 | 1 | 0 |
马鞭草 Vitaceae | 1 | 1 | 0 |
莎草科 Cyperaceae | 5 | 0 | 0 |
兰科 Orchidaceae | 5 | 0 | 0 |
苦苣苔科 Gesneriaceae | 4 | 0 | 0 |
棕榈科 Palmaceae | 3 | 0 | 0 |
爵床科等6科① | 1 | 0 | 0 |
天南星科等11科② | 2 | 0 | 0 |
总计 Total | 158 | 98 | 52 |
森林类型 Forest types | 样地数 No. of quadrats | 物种数 No. of species | 个体数 No. of individuals | 625 m2样地水平的物种密度 Species density per 625 m2 quadrat | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值±标准偏差 Mean ± SD | P① | ||||
原始林 Old-growth forests | 52 | 34 | 1,403 | 6.1±2.2 | — |
径级择伐 Selectively logged forests | 73 | 40 | 2,491 | 6.3±1.9 | 0.52 |
皆伐 Clear-cut forests | 39 | 32 | 1,306 | 6.1±2.4 | 0.89 |
表2 尖峰岭原始林、径级择伐林和皆伐林样地海南特有种子植物的物种数和个体数
Table 2 Species richness and abundance of the seed plant species endemic to Hainan Island in old-growth, selectively logged and clear-cut forests in Jianfengling
森林类型 Forest types | 样地数 No. of quadrats | 物种数 No. of species | 个体数 No. of individuals | 625 m2样地水平的物种密度 Species density per 625 m2 quadrat | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值±标准偏差 Mean ± SD | P① | ||||
原始林 Old-growth forests | 52 | 34 | 1,403 | 6.1±2.2 | — |
径级择伐 Selectively logged forests | 73 | 40 | 2,491 | 6.3±1.9 | 0.52 |
皆伐 Clear-cut forests | 39 | 32 | 1,306 | 6.1±2.4 | 0.89 |
原始林 Old-growth forests (%) | 径级择伐 Selectively logged forests (%) | 皆伐 Clear-cut forests (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
仅在1个样地中出现的海南特有种子植物的物种数 Endemic seed plant species found only in one quadrat | 11(32.4) | 14(35.0) | 11(34.4) |
仅在≦2个样地中出现的海南特有种子植物的物种数 Endemic seed plant species found less than two quadrats | 14(41.2) | 22(55.0) | 16(50.0) |
表3 尖峰岭原始林、径级择伐林和皆伐林样地海南特有种子植物的出现频度及占同类样地海南特有种子植物物种数的比例
Table 3 Frequency and percent of the seed plant species endemic to Hainan Island in old-growth, selectively logged and clear-cut forests in Jianfengling
原始林 Old-growth forests (%) | 径级择伐 Selectively logged forests (%) | 皆伐 Clear-cut forests (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
仅在1个样地中出现的海南特有种子植物的物种数 Endemic seed plant species found only in one quadrat | 11(32.4) | 14(35.0) | 11(34.4) |
仅在≦2个样地中出现的海南特有种子植物的物种数 Endemic seed plant species found less than two quadrats | 14(41.2) | 22(55.0) | 16(50.0) |
图2 尖峰岭原始林、径级择伐林和皆伐林样地面积-海南特有种子植物种数累积曲线比较(虚线表示估计值±1.96×SE的变化范围)
Fig. 2 Cumulative species-area relationships for the seed plant species endemic to Hainan Island in old-growth, selectively logged and clear-cut forests in Jianfengling. The dotted lines indicated the expected values ±1.96×SE.
图3 尖峰岭原始林、径级择伐林和皆伐林样地个体数-海南特有种子植物种数累积曲线关系比较(虚线表示估计值±1.96×SE的变化范围)
Fig. 3 Cumulative species-individual relationships for the seed plant species endemic to Hainan Island in old-growth, selectively logged and clear-cut forests in Jianfengling. The dotted lines indicated the expected values ±1.96×SE.
图4 尖峰岭原始林、径级择伐林和皆伐林样地海南特有种子植物的物种多度分布
Fig. 4 Species abundance distribution for the seed plant species endemic to Hainan Island in old-growth, selectively logged and clear-cut forests in Jianfengling
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