紫茎泽兰入侵地区土壤种子库特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.06232

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤种子库是植物潜在的种群, 其时空分布格局对植物群落的动态与稳定性有着举足轻重的影响, 尤其是在受外来种入侵危害地区, 土壤种子库的特征对生态系统的恢复和未来植被的结构、功能、组成与动态等更为重要。本文通过野外调查与萌发实验相结合的方法研究了四川攀枝花市紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum)入侵地区的植被组成和紫茎泽兰种子雨前后土壤种子库的变化, 初步探讨了受入侵地区种子库中包括紫茎泽兰在内的物种的种类与储量情况。结果表明: (1)在紫茎泽兰危害严重的地带, 群落组成比较简单, 草本层以紫茎泽兰最为丰富, 种群构成为1-4年生植株及其荫庇下大量的实生幼苗, Drude多度极大, 频度达100%; (2) 在土壤种子库中有13种高等植物出现, 与植被组成的相似度为0.31; 土壤种子库总储量为3,180粒/m², 其中紫茎泽兰1,950粒/m², 占总储量的61.3%。种子库各层种子储量不同, 上层种子少于中下层, 差异不显著 (P>0.05), 在土壤下层(5-10 cm层)的紫茎泽兰种子仍然可以萌发; (3) 种子雨后,表层土中(0-2 cm)紫茎泽兰种子总储量为4,733粒/m²;紫茎泽兰种子雨后种子萌发出现2个峰值, 分别为第9天与第17天, 表明土壤中的紫茎泽兰种子会阶段性打破休眠。紫茎泽兰在当地植被和土壤种子库中都占绝对优势, 其他物种从种子阶段就开始亏缺, 是紫茎泽兰不断更新和难以彻底控制的重要原因。

关键词: Eupatorium adenophorum, 种子库, 种子雨, 本地植物, 恢复

Abstract

Soil seed banks are potential plant populations; therefore, their temporal and spatial patterns affect future plant community dynamics and stability. In the regions invaded by Eupatorium adenophorum, soil seed bank traits can play a key role in construction and function of future ecosystems. We studied the vegetation and soil seed banks in an area invaded by E. adenophorum in Panzhihua, Sichuan Province using a combination of field work and germination trails. We explored seed density and species composition in soil seed banks before and after a seed rain of E. adenophorum. The results showed that: (1) The experimental sites were so heavily damaged byE. adenophorum that the vegetation was simple; in shrub layers, mean coverage and frequency of Coriaria nepalensis, Ficus tikoua, Desmodiunm elegans, Abelia parvifolia and Pistacia weinmannifolia were higher than other shrubs. In herb layer, E. adenophorum, ranging in age between 0 and 4 years, was the most abundant as its Drude abundance was Soc and the frequency was 100%. (2) Seeds of 13 species were found in soil seed banks. The similarity index for species in the vegetation and in the soil seed bank was 0.31. The density ofE. adenophorum seeds was 1,950/m², accounting for 61.3% of total storage in the soil seed bank (3,180/m²), and there were not significantly (P>0.05) fewer seeds in upper layer than other layers. (3) Total seed storage before the seed rain ofE. adenophorum (1,950 seeds/m²) accounted for 41.2% of the storage after the seed rain (4,733 seeds/m²). After the seed rain, germination of E. adenophorum seeds from the soil showed two peaks at the 9th and 17th day, implying that seeds could periodically break dormancy. Our results indicated that E. adenophorum played a priority role in the soil seeds. The scarcity of other species in the seed banks was the main reason that E. adenophorum population regenerated and flourished continuously, and the invasion of E. adenophorum was hard to control.

Key words: Eupatorium adenophorum, soil seed banks, seed rain, local plant species

党伟光, 高贤明, 王瑾芳, 李爱芳 (2008) 紫茎泽兰入侵地区土壤种子库特征. 生物多样性, 16, 126-132. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.06232.

Weiguang Dang, Xianming Gao, Jinfang Wang, Aifang Li (2008) Soil seed bank traits in an area invaded by Eupatorium adenophorum. Biodiversity Science, 16, 126-132. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.06232.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.06232

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2008/V16/I2/126

图/表 4

参考文献 31

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物种 Species	平均盖度 Coverage (%)	频度 Frequency (%)	物种 Species	Drude多度 Drude abundance	频度 Frequency (%)
灌木 Shrub			草本 Herbaceous
地瓜 Ficus tikoua	18.51	84.6	紫茎泽兰 Eupatorium adenophorum	Soc	100.0
马桑 Coriaria nepalensis	16.44	100.0	荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	Cop3	96.2
雅致山蚂蝗 Desmodiunm elegans	6.92	88.5	蒿 Artemisiaspp.	Cop2	100.0
小叶六道木 Abelia parvifolia	4.24	53.8	异叶茴芹Pimpinella diversifolia	Cop2	92.3
清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia	2.15	69.2	三籽两型豆 Amphicarpaea edgeworthii	Cop2	61.5
车桑子 Dodonaea viscosa	1.86	65.4	牛膝菊 Galinsogo parviflora	Cop2	57.7
华西小石积 Osteomeles schwerinae	1.68	84.6	截叶铁扫帚 Lespedeza cuneata	Cop1	76.9
铁仔 Myrsine africana	1.46	57.7	苜蓿 Medicagosp.	Cop1	50.0
其他 Others	<1	<50	车前 Plantago depressa	Cop1	65.4
			苣荬菜 Sonchus arvensis	Cop1	65.4
			双蝴蝶 Tripterospermum affine	Cop1	61.5
			酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	Sp	57.7
			鬼针草 Bidens bipinnata	Sp	61.5
			其他 Others	<Sp	<50

物种 Species	平均盖度 Coverage (%)	频度 Frequency (%)	物种 Species	Drude多度 Drude abundance	频度 Frequency (%)
灌木 Shrub			草本 Herbaceous
地瓜 Ficus tikoua	18.51	84.6	紫茎泽兰 Eupatorium adenophorum	Soc	100.0
马桑 Coriaria nepalensis	16.44	100.0	荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	Cop3	96.2
雅致山蚂蝗 Desmodiunm elegans	6.92	88.5	蒿 Artemisiaspp.	Cop2	100.0
小叶六道木 Abelia parvifolia	4.24	53.8	异叶茴芹Pimpinella diversifolia	Cop2	92.3
清香木 Pistacia weinmannifolia	2.15	69.2	三籽两型豆 Amphicarpaea edgeworthii	Cop2	61.5
车桑子 Dodonaea viscosa	1.86	65.4	牛膝菊 Galinsogo parviflora	Cop2	57.7
华西小石积 Osteomeles schwerinae	1.68	84.6	截叶铁扫帚 Lespedeza cuneata	Cop1	76.9
铁仔 Myrsine africana	1.46	57.7	苜蓿 Medicagosp.	Cop1	50.0
其他 Others	<1	<50	车前 Plantago depressa	Cop1	65.4
			苣荬菜 Sonchus arvensis	Cop1	65.4
			双蝴蝶 Tripterospermum affine	Cop1	61.5
			酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	Sp	57.7
			鬼针草 Bidens bipinnata	Sp	61.5
			其他 Others	<Sp	<50

土层 Soil layers	种子储量 Seed storage (Seeds/m²)
土层 Soil layers	总储量 Total storage	紫茎泽兰 E. adenophorum	紫茎泽兰与其他物种比例 E. adenophorum/other species
0-2 cm	780 ± 274	350 ± 182	35/43
2-5 cm	1,100 ± 383	770 ± 271	77/33
5-10 cm	1,300 ± 502	830 ± 307	83/47
合计 Total	3,180 ± 1,038	1,950 ± 760	195/123

土层 Soil layers	种子储量 Seed storage (Seeds/m²)
土层 Soil layers	总储量 Total storage	紫茎泽兰 E. adenophorum	紫茎泽兰与其他物种比例 E. adenophorum/other species
0-2 cm	780 ± 274	350 ± 182	35/43
2-5 cm	1,100 ± 383	770 ± 271	77/33
5-10 cm	1,300 ± 502	830 ± 307	83/47
合计 Total	3,180 ± 1,038	1,950 ± 760	195/123

物种 Species	储量 Storage (Seeds/m²)	比例 %
灌木 Shrub
车桑子 Dodoneae riscosa	30	0.94
戟叶酸模 Rumex haxtatus	240	7.54
马桑 Coriaria nepalensis	60	1.89
草本 Herbaceous
紫茎泽兰 Eupatorium adenophorum	1,950	61.30
孔雀草 Tagetes patula	390	12.30
黄花稔属一种 Sida sp.	50	1.26
酢浆草 Oxalis corniculata	110	3.46
菝葜属一种 Smilaxsp.	10	0.31
含羞草决明 Cassia mimosoides	90	2.83
荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	120	3.77
牛膝菊 Galinsogo parviflora	100	3.14
其他2种 Others	30	0.63