鸟鸣多样性感知与声景感知恢复性: 鸟鸣音频和科普的干预

doi:10.17520/biods.2023230

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自然声景具有感知恢复性, 让人从疲劳中恢复, 鸟鸣是声景中的重要组成, 研究鸟鸣对声景感知恢复性的影响, 可以为公众从自然中获得更高水平的感知恢复性效益提供参考依据。2021年7-8月, 我们在北京西山国家森林公园使用播放鸟鸣的扬声器增加环境中的鸟鸣多样性, 设置标识牌以提供当地常见鸟类及鸟鸣的科普信息, 并对744名游客进行问卷调查, 了解游客获得的声景感知恢复性和对鸟鸣多样性的感知水平。研究发现处在鸟鸣多样性更丰富环境的游客获得了更高水平的声景感知恢复性效益, 获得鸟鸣科普信息的游客感知到了更高水平的鸟鸣多样性, 游客感知的鸟鸣多样性与实际鸟鸣多样性不相关。结果表明声景恢复性与环境中鸟鸣多样性呈正相关, 更丰富的鸟鸣多样性能够改善游客在自然环境中的游览体验并受益, 标识牌能够促进游客关注环境, 提高感知到的鸟鸣数量。

关键词: 声景, 鸟鸣多样性, 感知恢复性效益, 生物多样性科普

Abstract

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of birdsongs on the perception of natural soundscapes and the potential for soundscape restorativeness, and to provide reference for the public to achieve higher levels of restoration from nature.

Methods: In July and August 2021, we conducted a research in Beijing Xishan National Forest Park, where extra songs of ten bird species were played through speakers to enhance the diversity of birdsong in the environment. Educational signages were also installed to provide information about local bird species and their songs. A survey was conducted with 744 visitors to measure their perception of soundscape restorativeness and the level of birdsong diversity.

Results: Visitors in the environment with a greater diversity of birdsongs achieved higher level of soundscape restorativeness. Visitors who received educational information about birdsongs reported a higher level of perceived birdsong diversity. However, there was no correlation between visitors’ perceived birdsong diversity and the actual diversity of birdsongs in the environment.

Conclusion: The results indicate a positive correlation between the diversity of birdsong in the environment and the perceived soundscape restorativeness. Increased birdsong diversity can enhance visitors’ experiences and benefits in natural environments. The presence of educational signage can promote visitors’ attention to the soundscape and increase their perception of the birdsong diversity.

Key words: soundscape, birdsong diversity, restorativeness effect, biodiversity education and outreach

刘昱齐, 刘晶岚, 樊晓丽, 胡宜深, 郭鸿筱, 薛凡 (2024) 鸟鸣多样性感知与声景感知恢复性: 鸟鸣音频和科普的干预. 生物多样性, 32, 23230. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023230.

Yuqi Liu, Jinglan Liu, Xiaoli Fan, Yishen Hu, Hongxiao Guo, Fan Xue (2024) Perceived birdsong diversity and restorativeness effect of soundscape: Interventions of birdsong audio and messaging. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23230. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023230.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023230

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I1/23230

图/表 8

参考文献 42

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来源 Source	种类 Species	生境 Habitats
额外增加 Additional	黄腰柳莺 Phylloscopus proregulus	阔叶林、灌丛 Broad-leaved forest, shrubs
额外增加 Additional	雉鸡 Phasianus colchicus	灌丛 Shrubs
	三道眉草鹀 Emberiza cioides	灌丛 Shrubs
	红胁绣眼鸟 Zosterops erythropleurus	阔叶林、针阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved forest, mixed conifer-broadleaved forest
	大斑啄木鸟 Dendrocopos major	阔叶林、针叶林 Broad-leaved forest, conifer forest
实际观察 Practical observations	白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis	灌丛 Shrubs
实际观察 Practical observations	红嘴蓝鹊 Urocissa erythroryncha	阔叶林、针叶林、针阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved forest, conifer forest, mixed conifer-broadleaved forest
	大山雀 Parus major	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest
	大嘴乌鸦 Corvus macrorhynchos	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest
	四声杜鹃 Cuculus micropterus	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest

来源 Source	种类 Species	生境 Habitats
额外增加 Additional	黄腰柳莺 Phylloscopus proregulus	阔叶林、灌丛 Broad-leaved forest, shrubs
额外增加 Additional	雉鸡 Phasianus colchicus	灌丛 Shrubs
	三道眉草鹀 Emberiza cioides	灌丛 Shrubs
	红胁绣眼鸟 Zosterops erythropleurus	阔叶林、针阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved forest, mixed conifer-broadleaved forest
	大斑啄木鸟 Dendrocopos major	阔叶林、针叶林 Broad-leaved forest, conifer forest
实际观察 Practical observations	白头鹎 Pycnonotus sinensis	灌丛 Shrubs
实际观察 Practical observations	红嘴蓝鹊 Urocissa erythroryncha	阔叶林、针叶林、针阔叶混交林 Broad-leaved forest, conifer forest, mixed conifer-broadleaved forest
	大山雀 Parus major	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest
	大嘴乌鸦 Corvus macrorhynchos	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest
	四声杜鹃 Cuculus micropterus	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest

分组 Groups	控制组 Controlled group	实验组1 Experimental group 1	实验组2 Experimental group 2	实验组3 Experimental group 3
参与者人数 Number of participants	214	177	183	170
性别 Gender
女 Female	101 (47.2%)	104 (58.76%)	93 (50.82%)	81 (47.65%)
男 Male	113 (52.8%)	73 (41.24%)	90 (49.18%)	89 (52.35%)
年龄 Age
18以下 Under 18	11 (5.14%)	24 (13.56%)	30 (16.39%)	12 (7.06%)
18-24	28 (13.08%)	25 (14.12%)	13 (7.1%)	18 (10.59%)
25-44	130 (60.75%)	108 (61.02%)	106 (57.92%)	109 (64.12%)
45-64	35 (16.36%)	20 (11.3%)	31 (16.94%)	27 (15.88%)
65以上 Over 65	10 (4.67%)	-	3 (1.64%)	4 (2.35%)
教育水平 Education
高中及以下 High school and less than high school	32 (15.05%)	43 (24.29%)	40 (21.86%)	19 (11.18%)
专科/本科 Associate degree/ Bachelor’s degree	117 (54.67%)	70 (39.55%)	69 (37.7%)	78 (45.88%)
研究生及以上 Master’s degree and over	65 (30.37%)	64 (36.16%)	74 (40.44%)	73 (42.94%)
职业 Career
公务员/事业编人员 Government worker	40 (18.69%)	32 (18.08%)	44 (24.04%)	49 (28.82%)
私营企业主或个体工商户 Private business owner	10 (4.67%)	9 (5.08%)	5 (2.73%)	4 (2.35%)
企业员工 Company staff	80 (37.38%)	68 (38.42%)	64 (34.97%)	70 (41.18%)
自由职业者 Freelancer	23 (10.75%)	6 (3.39%)	10 (5.46%)	14 (8.24%)
学生 Student	26 (12.15%)	50 (28.25%)	34 (18.58%)	25 (14.71%)
退休人员 Retired	18 (8.41%)	-	13 (7.1%)	1 (0.59%)
其他 Other	17 (7.94%)	12 (6.77%)	13 (7.1%)	7 (4.12%)

分组 Groups	控制组 Controlled group	实验组1 Experimental group 1	实验组2 Experimental group 2	实验组3 Experimental group 3
参与者人数 Number of participants	214	177	183	170
性别 Gender
女 Female	101 (47.2%)	104 (58.76%)	93 (50.82%)	81 (47.65%)
男 Male	113 (52.8%)	73 (41.24%)	90 (49.18%)	89 (52.35%)
年龄 Age
18以下 Under 18	11 (5.14%)	24 (13.56%)	30 (16.39%)	12 (7.06%)
18-24	28 (13.08%)	25 (14.12%)	13 (7.1%)	18 (10.59%)
25-44	130 (60.75%)	108 (61.02%)	106 (57.92%)	109 (64.12%)
45-64	35 (16.36%)	20 (11.3%)	31 (16.94%)	27 (15.88%)
65以上 Over 65	10 (4.67%)	-	3 (1.64%)	4 (2.35%)
教育水平 Education
高中及以下 High school and less than high school	32 (15.05%)	43 (24.29%)	40 (21.86%)	19 (11.18%)
专科/本科 Associate degree/ Bachelor’s degree	117 (54.67%)	70 (39.55%)	69 (37.7%)	78 (45.88%)
研究生及以上 Master’s degree and over	65 (30.37%)	64 (36.16%)	74 (40.44%)	73 (42.94%)
职业 Career
公务员/事业编人员 Government worker	40 (18.69%)	32 (18.08%)	44 (24.04%)	49 (28.82%)
私营企业主或个体工商户 Private business owner	10 (4.67%)	9 (5.08%)	5 (2.73%)	4 (2.35%)
企业员工 Company staff	80 (37.38%)	68 (38.42%)	64 (34.97%)	70 (41.18%)
自由职业者 Freelancer	23 (10.75%)	6 (3.39%)	10 (5.46%)	14 (8.24%)
学生 Student	26 (12.15%)	50 (28.25%)	34 (18.58%)	25 (14.71%)
退休人员 Retired	18 (8.41%)	-	13 (7.1%)	1 (0.59%)
其他 Other	17 (7.94%)	12 (6.77%)	13 (7.1%)	7 (4.12%)

组 Groups	n	均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	中位数 Median	平均秩 Mean rank	K-W H		两两比较 Pairwise comparisons (P)
组 Groups	n	均值 ± 标准差 Mean ± SD	中位数 Median	平均秩 Mean rank	H	P	1	2	3
1 控制组 Controlled group	214	4.93 ± 2.91	4	320.03	45.95	0.000
2 实验组1 Experimental group 1	177	5.05 ± 3.07	4	331.84			1.00
3 实验组2 Experimental group 2	183	6.20 ± 3.22	7	413.56			0.000	0.000
4 实验组3 Experimental group 3	170	6.39 ± 2.80	7	435.04			0.000	0.000	0.319