长江上游支流南广河的鱼类多样性及资源现状

doi:10.17520/biods.2019264

生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (10): 1081-1089. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019264

• 研究报告:动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

长江上游支流南广河的鱼类多样性及资源现状

代梦梦¹, 杨坤², 黎树¹, 王小东¹, 宋昭彬¹^,³^,^*()

1 四川大学生命科学学院四川省濒危野生动物保护生物学重点实验室, 成都 610065
2 西华师范大学生态研究院, 四川南充 637009
3 四川大学生命科学学院生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室, 成都 610065

收稿日期:2019-08-20 接受日期:2019-11-02 出版日期:2019-10-20 发布日期:2019-10-20
通讯作者: 宋昭彬
基金资助:
四川省水产局科研项目(17H0836)

Fish diversity and resource status in the Nanguang River, a tributary of upper Yangtze River

Mengmeng Dai¹, Kun Yang², Shu Li¹, Xiaodong Wang¹, Zhaobin Song¹^,³^,^*()

1 Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065
2 Institute of Ecology, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009
3 Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065

Received:2019-08-20 Accepted:2019-11-02 Online:2019-10-20 Published:2019-10-20
Contact: Zhaobin Song

1. 附录1 南广河鱼类名录.pdf(306KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南广河是长江上游一级支流, 为全面了解该河流的鱼类多样性, 作者于2017年11月至2018年9月在南广河干流及支流28个采样点进行了6次调查, 共采集鱼类64种, 隶属于5目13科48属, 其中四川省重点保护鱼类有鲈鲤(Percocypris pingi)和岩原鲤(Procypris rabaudi) 2种, 长江上游特有鱼类17种, 列入《中国脊椎动物红色名录》的濒危和易危的鱼类有9种。南广河现有分布鱼类以小型种类为主, 宽鳍鱲(Zacco platypus)和鲤(Cyprinus carpio)为优势种。南广河鱼类多样性总体较高, Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson优势度指数及Pielou均匀度指数分别为6.57、3.10、0.93、0.74; 中游河段的鱼类种类和数量较丰富, 分别占渔获物总种类和总数量的65.63%和28.98%; 支流镇舟河的鱼类种类和数量也较丰富, 分别占37.50%和20.48%。南广河不同河段的鱼类种类组成具有明显差异, 大坝建设和过度捕捞可能影响了鱼类分布并导致其资源量下降。

关键词: 南广河, 物种多样性, 鱼类资源, 优势种

Abstract

Nanguang River is a tributary of upper Yangtze River that provides important resources and food to various communities. To understand the current status of fish diversity within Nanguang River, we sampled the river and its primary tributaries six times from November 2017 to September 2018. A total of 64 fish species were collected, two of which (Percocypris pingi and Procypris rabaudi) are protected fish in Sichuan Province, 17 species were endemic to the upper Yangtze River, and 9 were listed as endangered or vulnerable species in Red List of China’s Vertebrates. The most dominant fish were small in size, of which Zacco platypus and Cyprinus carpio were most dominant. Additionally, the Nanguang River fish community possess considerable diversity based on Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou evenness index values. While there are obvious differences in fish composition across different reaches of the Nanguang River, dam construction and overfishing may have considerably impacted fish distribution and fish resources, the results of which our investigation presents.

Key words: Nanguang River, species diversity, fish resources, dominant species

代梦梦, 杨坤, 黎树, 王小东, 宋昭彬 (2019) 长江上游支流南广河的鱼类多样性及资源现状. 生物多样性, 27, 1081-1089. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019264.

Mengmeng Dai, Kun Yang, Shu Li, Xiaodong Wang, Zhaobin Song (2019) Fish diversity and resource status in the Nanguang River, a tributary of upper Yangtze River. Biodiversity Science, 27, 1081-1089. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019264.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019264

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I10/1081

图/表 5

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河流 River	河段 Reach	采样点(代码) Sampling site (Code)	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)
干流 Mainstream	上游 Upstream	高田乡 Gaotian Township (M1)	27°57°	105°09°
干流 Mainstream	上游 Upstream	罗布乡 Luobu Township (M2)	27°57°	105°02'
		旧城镇 Jiucheng Town (M3)	28°02°	105°04°
		观斗乡 Guandou Township (M4)	28°02°	104°58°
		石碑乡 Shibei Township (M5)	28°06°	104°57°
	中游 Midstream	罗渡电站库区 Reservoir of Luodu Hydropower Station (M6)	28°05°	104°51°
	中游 Midstream	罗渡大桥 Luodu Bridge (M7)	28°06°	104°49°
		上罗镇 Shangluo Town (M8)	28°08°	104°48°
		共腾村 Gongteng Village (M9)	28°11°	104°42°
		沐滩乡 Mutan Township (M10)	28°13°	104°40°
		孝儿镇 Xiaoer Town (M11)	28°16°	104°40°
		趱滩乡 Zantan Township (M12)	28°19°	104°38°
	下游 Downstream	文江镇 Wenjiang Town (M13)	28°22°	104°34°
	下游 Downstream	贾村 Jia Village (M14)	28°30°	104°29°
		来复镇 Laifu Town (M15)	28°33°	104°34°
		大窝镇 Dawo Town (M16)	28°36°	104°37°
		月江镇 Yuejiang Town (M17)	28°39°	104°40°
		南广镇 Nanguang Town (M18)	28°41°	104°41°
支流 Tributary	洛亥河 Luohai River	洛亥镇 Luohai Town (T1)	28°01°	104°54°
支流 Tributary	洛亥河 Luohai River	黄桷村 Huangjue Village (T2)	28°04°	104°51°
	镇舟河 Zhenzhou River	大雪山镇 Daxueshan Town (T3)	27°55°	104°43°
	镇舟河 Zhenzhou River	镇舟镇 Zhenzhou Town (T4)	28°01°	104°41°
		维新镇 Weixin Town (T5)	28°09°	104°41°
	巡司河 Xunsi River	武德乡 Wude Township (T6)	28°05°	104°35°
	宋江河 Songjiang River	双腾镇 Shuangteng Town (T7)	28°06°	104°29°
	宋江河 Songjiang River	塘坝乡 Tangba Township (T8)	28°07°	104°27°
		羊田乡 Yangtian Township (T9)	28°14°	104°30°
		罗场镇 Luochang Town (T10)	28°17°	104°29°

河流 River	河段 Reach	采样点(代码) Sampling site (Code)	纬度 Latitude (N)	经度 Longitude (E)
干流 Mainstream	上游 Upstream	高田乡 Gaotian Township (M1)	27°57°	105°09°
干流 Mainstream	上游 Upstream	罗布乡 Luobu Township (M2)	27°57°	105°02'
		旧城镇 Jiucheng Town (M3)	28°02°	105°04°
		观斗乡 Guandou Township (M4)	28°02°	104°58°
		石碑乡 Shibei Township (M5)	28°06°	104°57°
	中游 Midstream	罗渡电站库区 Reservoir of Luodu Hydropower Station (M6)	28°05°	104°51°
	中游 Midstream	罗渡大桥 Luodu Bridge (M7)	28°06°	104°49°
		上罗镇 Shangluo Town (M8)	28°08°	104°48°
		共腾村 Gongteng Village (M9)	28°11°	104°42°
		沐滩乡 Mutan Township (M10)	28°13°	104°40°
		孝儿镇 Xiaoer Town (M11)	28°16°	104°40°
		趱滩乡 Zantan Township (M12)	28°19°	104°38°
	下游 Downstream	文江镇 Wenjiang Town (M13)	28°22°	104°34°
	下游 Downstream	贾村 Jia Village (M14)	28°30°	104°29°
		来复镇 Laifu Town (M15)	28°33°	104°34°
		大窝镇 Dawo Town (M16)	28°36°	104°37°
		月江镇 Yuejiang Town (M17)	28°39°	104°40°
		南广镇 Nanguang Town (M18)	28°41°	104°41°
支流 Tributary	洛亥河 Luohai River	洛亥镇 Luohai Town (T1)	28°01°	104°54°
支流 Tributary	洛亥河 Luohai River	黄桷村 Huangjue Village (T2)	28°04°	104°51°
	镇舟河 Zhenzhou River	大雪山镇 Daxueshan Town (T3)	27°55°	104°43°
	镇舟河 Zhenzhou River	镇舟镇 Zhenzhou Town (T4)	28°01°	104°41°
		维新镇 Weixin Town (T5)	28°09°	104°41°
	巡司河 Xunsi River	武德乡 Wude Township (T6)	28°05°	104°35°
	宋江河 Songjiang River	双腾镇 Shuangteng Town (T7)	28°06°	104°29°
	宋江河 Songjiang River	塘坝乡 Tangba Township (T8)	28°07°	104°27°
		羊田乡 Yangtian Township (T9)	28°14°	104°30°
		罗场镇 Luochang Town (T10)	28°17°	104°29°

种类 Species	数量百分比 Percentage of number (%)	重量百分比 Percentage of weight (%)	出现频率 Frequency of occurrence	相对重要性指数 Index of relative importance (IRI)	优势类型 Dominant type
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus	17.65	6.82	0.71	1,747.45	D
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	0.65	20.37	0.54	1,125.78	D
鲫 Carassius auratus	2.48	8.89	0.75	852.53	C
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	9.29	2.48	0.71	840.62	C
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus	9.95	1.39	0.64	728.73	C
切尾拟鲿 Tachysurus truncatus	4.64	3.77	0.75	630.83	C
马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens	3.71	2.87	0.54	352.39	C
瓦氏黄颡鱼 Tachysurus vachellii	3.80	3.49	0.46	338.42	C
唇䱻 Hemibarbus labeo	2.20	4.23	0.46	298.45	C
短须颌须鮈 Gnathopogon imberbis	4.38	1.21	0.50	279.59	C
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis	5.28	1.67	0.39	272.95	C
红尾副鳅 Homatula variegata	3.91	1.28	0.50	259.44	C
乐山小鳔鮈 Microphysogobio kiatingensis	4.83	1.27	0.39	239.44	C
蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi	3.61	2.58	0.32	199.23	C
子陵吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus	2.93	0.63	0.54	190.79	C
泉水鱼 Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus	1.66	2.62	0.43	183.77	C
翘嘴鮊 Culter alburnus	0.38	5.05	0.25	135.87	C
短体副鳅 Homatula potanini	2.82	0.91	0.36	133.23	C
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus	1.11	0.55	0.61	101.08	C
光泽黄颡鱼 Tachysurus nitidus	1.77	1.15	0.29	83.56	G
黄颡鱼 Tachysurus fulvidraco	0.45	1.22	0.46	77.76	G
大眼鳜 Siniperca knerii	1.03	2.53	0.21	76.35	G
鲇 Silurus asotus	0.20	1.19	0.46	64.28	G
草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idella	0.07	2.88	0.21	63.11	G
福建纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax fokiensis	1.69	0.62	0.25	57.84	G
粗唇鮠 Tachysurus crassilabris	0.49	0.71	0.46	55.98	G
贝氏高原鳅 Triplophysa bleekeri	2.17	0.40	0.18	45.79	G
齐口裂腹鱼 Schizothorax prenanti	0.70	1.63	0.18	41.64	G
南方鲇 Silurus meridionalis	0.16	2.60	0.14	39.40	G
花䱻 Hemibarbus maculatus	0.51	0.89	0.25	34.92	G
四川华吸鳅 Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis	1.13	0.15	0.25	31.99	G
大鳍鳠 Hemibagrus macropterus	0.27	0.99	0.25	31.54	G
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus	0.29	0.29	0.36	20.83	G
中华倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus sinensis	0.06	0.84	0.18	16.08	G
黑尾䱗 Hemiculter tchangi	0.80	0.45	0.11	13.45	G
中华沙鳅 Sinibotia superciliaris	0.32	0.16	0.21	10.21	G
云南光唇鱼 Acrossocheilus yunnanensis	0.31	1.03	0.07	9.63	R
其他 Others	2.30	8.17	1.50	62.13	R

种类 Species	数量百分比 Percentage of number (%)	重量百分比 Percentage of weight (%)	出现频率 Frequency of occurrence	相对重要性指数 Index of relative importance (IRI)	优势类型 Dominant type
宽鳍鱲 Zacco platypus	17.65	6.82	0.71	1,747.45	D
鲤 Cyprinus carpio	0.65	20.37	0.54	1,125.78	D
鲫 Carassius auratus	2.48	8.89	0.75	852.53	C
麦穗鱼 Pseudorasbora parva	9.29	2.48	0.71	840.62	C
高体鳑鲏 Rhodeus ocellatus	9.95	1.39	0.64	728.73	C
切尾拟鲿 Tachysurus truncatus	4.64	3.77	0.75	630.83	C
马口鱼 Opsariichthys bidens	3.71	2.87	0.54	352.39	C
瓦氏黄颡鱼 Tachysurus vachellii	3.80	3.49	0.46	338.42	C
唇䱻 Hemibarbus labeo	2.20	4.23	0.46	298.45	C
短须颌须鮈 Gnathopogon imberbis	4.38	1.21	0.50	279.59	C
棒花鱼 Abbottina rivularis	5.28	1.67	0.39	272.95	C
红尾副鳅 Homatula variegata	3.91	1.28	0.50	259.44	C
乐山小鳔鮈 Microphysogobio kiatingensis	4.83	1.27	0.39	239.44	C
蛇鮈 Saurogobio dabryi	3.61	2.58	0.32	199.23	C
子陵吻鰕虎鱼 Rhinogobius giurinus	2.93	0.63	0.54	190.79	C
泉水鱼 Pseudogyrinocheilus prochilus	1.66	2.62	0.43	183.77	C
翘嘴鮊 Culter alburnus	0.38	5.05	0.25	135.87	C
短体副鳅 Homatula potanini	2.82	0.91	0.36	133.23	C
泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus	1.11	0.55	0.61	101.08	C
光泽黄颡鱼 Tachysurus nitidus	1.77	1.15	0.29	83.56	G
黄颡鱼 Tachysurus fulvidraco	0.45	1.22	0.46	77.76	G
大眼鳜 Siniperca knerii	1.03	2.53	0.21	76.35	G
鲇 Silurus asotus	0.20	1.19	0.46	64.28	G
草鱼 Ctenopharyngodon idella	0.07	2.88	0.21	63.11	G
福建纹胸鮡 Glyptothorax fokiensis	1.69	0.62	0.25	57.84	G
粗唇鮠 Tachysurus crassilabris	0.49	0.71	0.46	55.98	G
贝氏高原鳅 Triplophysa bleekeri	2.17	0.40	0.18	45.79	G
齐口裂腹鱼 Schizothorax prenanti	0.70	1.63	0.18	41.64	G
南方鲇 Silurus meridionalis	0.16	2.60	0.14	39.40	G
花䱻 Hemibarbus maculatus	0.51	0.89	0.25	34.92	G
四川华吸鳅 Sinogastromyzon szechuanensis	1.13	0.15	0.25	31.99	G
大鳍鳠 Hemibagrus macropterus	0.27	0.99	0.25	31.54	G
大鳞副泥鳅 Paramisgurnus dabryanus	0.29	0.29	0.36	20.83	G
中华倒刺鲃 Spinibarbus sinensis	0.06	0.84	0.18	16.08	G
黑尾䱗 Hemiculter tchangi	0.80	0.45	0.11	13.45	G
中华沙鳅 Sinibotia superciliaris	0.32	0.16	0.21	10.21	G
云南光唇鱼 Acrossocheilus yunnanensis	0.31	1.03	0.07	9.63	R
其他 Others	2.30	8.17	1.50	62.13	R

河流 River	河段 Reach	种数 Number of species	种数百分比 Percentage of species (%)	数量 Sample size	数量百分比 Percentage of quantity (%)
干流 Mainstream	上游 Upstream	31	48.44	2,950	20.11
	中游 Midstream	42	65.63	4,250	28.98
	下游 Downstream	43	67.19	1,583	10.79
	小计 Total	56	87.50	8,783	59.89
支流 Tributary	洛亥河 Luohai River	22	34.38	459	3.13
	镇舟河 Zhenzhou River	24	37.50	3,004	20.48
	巡司河 Xunsi River	16	25.00	1,254	8.55
	宋江河 Songjiang River	21	32.81	1,166	7.95
	小计 Total	41	64.06	5,883	40.11

长江上游支流南广河的鱼类多样性及资源现状

Fish diversity and resource status in the Nanguang River, a tributary of upper Yangtze River

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