生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (12): 1303-1312. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017140
杨崇曜1, 李恩贵1, 陈慧颖1, 张景慧2, 黄永梅1,*()
收稿日期:
2017-05-12
接受日期:
2017-12-01
出版日期:
2017-12-20
发布日期:
2017-12-10
通讯作者:
黄永梅
基金资助:
Chongyao Yang1, Engui Li1, Huiying Chen1, Jinghui Zhang2, Yongmei Huang1,*()
Received:
2017-05-12
Accepted:
2017-12-01
Online:
2017-12-20
Published:
2017-12-10
Contact:
Huang Yongmei
摘要:
为深入认识干旱半干旱地区生物多样性的形成机制, 本文基于2012-2015年对内蒙古西部的温带草原、温带灌丛、草甸和荒漠4种植被型调查获取的74个样地数据, 对比了不同植被型的物种多样性差异, 分析了不同环境因子对内蒙古西部自然植被物种多样性的影响。结果表明: (1)综合Simpson指数、Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数分析, 内蒙古西部温带草原和草甸的物种多样性相近, 在4种植被型中最高, 荒漠的物种多样性最低。(2) Pearson相关分析结果表明, 气候因子中, 年均温、年降水量、潜在蒸散量和最冷月均温对群落物种多样性均具有显著影响, 其中Patrick丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数均与年均温、潜在蒸散量呈显著的负相关关系, 前两者还与年降水量呈显著的正相关关系, 各气候因子对Pielou均匀度指数的影响均不显著。(3)土壤化学性质中的土壤pH值、有机碳和全氮含量均对物种多样性有显著影响。(4)多元回归分析发现, 潜在蒸散量和土壤有机碳含量是影响Patrick丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数的主导因子, 而Simpson指数的主导因子仅为土壤有机碳含量, Pielou均匀度指数的主导因子为土壤全氮含量。
杨崇曜, 李恩贵, 陈慧颖, 张景慧, 黄永梅 (2017) 内蒙古西部自然植被的物种多样性及其影响因素. 生物多样性, 25, 1303-1312. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017140.
Chongyao Yang, Engui Li, Huiying Chen, Jinghui Zhang, Yongmei Huang (2017) Biodiversity of natural vegetation and influencing factors in western Inner Mongolia. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1303-1312. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017140.
植被型 Vegetation type | 样地数 Plot number | 群落名称 Community name | |
---|---|---|---|
温带灌丛 Temperate shrub | 27 | 柄扁桃灌丛, 蒙古扁桃灌丛, 山杏灌丛, 油蒿灌丛, 中间锦鸡儿灌丛, 柠条锦鸡儿灌丛, 小叶锦鸡儿灌丛, 藏锦鸡儿灌丛, 沙地柏灌丛, 西伯利亚白刺灌丛, 虎榛子灌丛, 单瓣黄刺玫灌丛, 蒙古绣线菊灌丛, 柽柳灌丛 Amygdalus pedunculata shrub, A. mongolica shrub, Armeniaca sibirica shrub, Artemisia ordosica shrub, Caragana davazamcii shrub, C. korshinskii shrub, C. microphylla shrub, C. tibetica shrub, Juniperus sabina shrub, Nitraria sibirica shrub, Ostryopsis davidiana shrub, Rosa xanthina var. normalis shrub, Spiraea mongolica shrub, Tamarix chinensis shrub | |
温带草原 Temperate steppe | 25 | 冷蒿草原, 白莲蒿草原, 无芒隐子草草原, 羊茅草原, 羊草草原, 短花针茅草原, 沙生针茅草原, 戈壁针茅草原, 小针茅草原, 克氏针茅草原 Artemisia frigida steppe, A. sacrorum steppe, Cleistogenes songorica steppe, Festuca ovina steppe, Leymus chinensis steppe, Stipa breviflora steppe, S. glareosa steppe, S. gobica steppe, S. klemenzii steppe, S. krylovii steppe | |
荒漠 Desert | 16 | 沙米+虫实+猪毛菜荒漠, 沙冬青荒漠, 籽蒿荒漠, 中亚紫菀木荒漠, 梭梭荒漠, 半日花荒漠, 盐爪爪荒漠, 驼绒藜荒漠, 红砂荒漠, 四合木荒漠, 霸王荒漠 Agriophyllum squarrosum + Corispermum sp.+ Salsola sp. desert, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus desert, Artemisia sphaerocephala desert, Asterothamnus centraliasiaticus desert, Haloxylon ammodendron desert, Helianthemum songaricum desert, Kalidium foliatum desert, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert, Reaumuria songarica desert, Tetraena mongolica desert, Zygophyllum xanthoxylon desert | |
草甸 Meadow | 6 | 芨芨草草甸, 拂子茅草甸, 薹草-杂类草草甸 Achnatherum splendens meadow, Calamagrostis epigeios meadow, Carex spp. -forb meadow |
表1 内蒙古西部植物群落类型
Table 1 Community types of western Inner Mongolia
植被型 Vegetation type | 样地数 Plot number | 群落名称 Community name | |
---|---|---|---|
温带灌丛 Temperate shrub | 27 | 柄扁桃灌丛, 蒙古扁桃灌丛, 山杏灌丛, 油蒿灌丛, 中间锦鸡儿灌丛, 柠条锦鸡儿灌丛, 小叶锦鸡儿灌丛, 藏锦鸡儿灌丛, 沙地柏灌丛, 西伯利亚白刺灌丛, 虎榛子灌丛, 单瓣黄刺玫灌丛, 蒙古绣线菊灌丛, 柽柳灌丛 Amygdalus pedunculata shrub, A. mongolica shrub, Armeniaca sibirica shrub, Artemisia ordosica shrub, Caragana davazamcii shrub, C. korshinskii shrub, C. microphylla shrub, C. tibetica shrub, Juniperus sabina shrub, Nitraria sibirica shrub, Ostryopsis davidiana shrub, Rosa xanthina var. normalis shrub, Spiraea mongolica shrub, Tamarix chinensis shrub | |
温带草原 Temperate steppe | 25 | 冷蒿草原, 白莲蒿草原, 无芒隐子草草原, 羊茅草原, 羊草草原, 短花针茅草原, 沙生针茅草原, 戈壁针茅草原, 小针茅草原, 克氏针茅草原 Artemisia frigida steppe, A. sacrorum steppe, Cleistogenes songorica steppe, Festuca ovina steppe, Leymus chinensis steppe, Stipa breviflora steppe, S. glareosa steppe, S. gobica steppe, S. klemenzii steppe, S. krylovii steppe | |
荒漠 Desert | 16 | 沙米+虫实+猪毛菜荒漠, 沙冬青荒漠, 籽蒿荒漠, 中亚紫菀木荒漠, 梭梭荒漠, 半日花荒漠, 盐爪爪荒漠, 驼绒藜荒漠, 红砂荒漠, 四合木荒漠, 霸王荒漠 Agriophyllum squarrosum + Corispermum sp.+ Salsola sp. desert, Ammopiptanthus mongolicus desert, Artemisia sphaerocephala desert, Asterothamnus centraliasiaticus desert, Haloxylon ammodendron desert, Helianthemum songaricum desert, Kalidium foliatum desert, Krascheninnikovia ceratoides desert, Reaumuria songarica desert, Tetraena mongolica desert, Zygophyllum xanthoxylon desert | |
草甸 Meadow | 6 | 芨芨草草甸, 拂子茅草甸, 薹草-杂类草草甸 Achnatherum splendens meadow, Calamagrostis epigeios meadow, Carex spp. -forb meadow |
多样性指数 Diversity index | 年均温 Mean annual temperature | 年降水 Mean annual precipitation | 最冷月均温 Mean temperature of the coldest month | 潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patrick丰富度指数 Patrick index | -0.541** | 0.367** | -0.446** | -0.568** |
Simpson指数 Simpson index | -0.294* | 0.139 | -0.212 | -0.319** |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | -0.418** | 0.253* | -0.326** | -0.444** |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index | -0.067 | -0.042 | -0.003 | -0.090 |
表2 内蒙古西部植物群落物种多样性指数与气候因子的Pearson相关性分析结果
Table 2 Pearson correlation analysis between species diversity indices and climatic factors of plant communities in western Inner Mongolia
多样性指数 Diversity index | 年均温 Mean annual temperature | 年降水 Mean annual precipitation | 最冷月均温 Mean temperature of the coldest month | 潜在蒸散量 Potential evapotranspiration |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patrick丰富度指数 Patrick index | -0.541** | 0.367** | -0.446** | -0.568** |
Simpson指数 Simpson index | -0.294* | 0.139 | -0.212 | -0.319** |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | -0.418** | 0.253* | -0.326** | -0.444** |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index | -0.067 | -0.042 | -0.003 | -0.090 |
多样性指数 Diversity index | pH | 有机碳 Total organic carbon | 全氮 Total nitrogen | 全磷 Total phosphorus |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patrick丰富度指数 Patrick index | -0.511** | 0.509** | 0.307* | 0.171 |
Simpson指数 Simpson index | -0.286* | 0.388** | 0.226 | 0.096 |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | -0.388** | 0.462** | 0.271* | -0.151 |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index | -0.119 | 0.330** | 0.326** | 0.133 |
表3 内蒙古西部植物群落物种多样性指数与土壤化学性质的Pearson相关性分析结果
Table 3 Pearson correlation analysis between species diversity indices and soil chemical properties of plant communities in western Inner Mongolia
多样性指数 Diversity index | pH | 有机碳 Total organic carbon | 全氮 Total nitrogen | 全磷 Total phosphorus |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patrick丰富度指数 Patrick index | -0.511** | 0.509** | 0.307* | 0.171 |
Simpson指数 Simpson index | -0.286* | 0.388** | 0.226 | 0.096 |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | -0.388** | 0.462** | 0.271* | -0.151 |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index | -0.119 | 0.330** | 0.326** | 0.133 |
因变量 Dependent variable | 引入变量 Variables entered | 调整 R2 Adjusted R2 | P 值 P value |
---|---|---|---|
Patrick丰富度指数 Patrick index | PET | 0.358 | 0.000 |
TOC | 0.415 | 0.010 | |
Simpson指数 Simpson index | TOC | 0.122 | 0.003 |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | PET | 0.196 | 0.008 |
TOC | 0.259 | 0.015 | |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index | TN | 0.108 | 0.005 |
表4 多元逐步回归分析结果
Table 4 Results of stepwise regression analysis
因变量 Dependent variable | 引入变量 Variables entered | 调整 R2 Adjusted R2 | P 值 P value |
---|---|---|---|
Patrick丰富度指数 Patrick index | PET | 0.358 | 0.000 |
TOC | 0.415 | 0.010 | |
Simpson指数 Simpson index | TOC | 0.122 | 0.003 |
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index | PET | 0.196 | 0.008 |
TOC | 0.259 | 0.015 | |
Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou index | TN | 0.108 | 0.005 |
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