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珠峰保护区陈塘沟繁殖季鸟类物种丰富度及其垂直分布格局

麦艳仪, 陈淑甜, 张琼悦, 杨乐, 莫晓东, 高江梅, 陈晓胜, 胡慧建, 潘新园, 胡一鸣   

  1. 华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院, 510642
    广东省科学院动物研究所广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室, 510260
    西藏自治区高原生物研究所西藏自治区生物资源与生物安全重点实验室, 850000
    广西大学林学院, 530005
  • 收稿日期:2026-09-02 修回日期:2026-10-26
  • 通讯作者: 胡一鸣
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(32271736); 广东省科学院科技发展专项项目(2022GDASZH-2022010105); 西藏重点区域野生动植物资源调查项目(ZL202203601); 广东省动物保护与资源利用重点实验室开放基金(GIZ-KF202303)

Bird species richness and its elevational pattern during the breeding season in Chentang Valley, Qomolangma Nature Reserve

Yanyi Mai, Shutian Chen, Qiongyue Zhang, Le Yang, Xiaodong Mo, Jiangmei Gao, Xiaosheng Chen, Huijian Hu, Xinyuan Pan, Yiming Hu   

  1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University 510642,
    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences 510260,
    Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Biosafety, Institute of Plateau Biology Research of Xizang Autonomous Region 850000,
    School of Forestry, Guangxi University 530005,
  • Received:2026-09-02 Revised:2026-10-26
  • Contact: Yiming Hu
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271736); GDAS Special Project of Science and Technology Development(2022GDASZH-2022010105); Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Tibet(ZL202203601); Open Fund of Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization(GIZ-KF202303)

摘要： 陈塘沟是珠峰保护区的重要沟谷，其鸟类物种组成及海拔分布仍缺乏系统调查资料。为明确陈塘沟繁殖季鸟类物种组成及物种丰富度的垂直分布格局，本研究于2023年7–8月和2024年6–7月鸟类繁殖季在2100–5100 m连续海拔梯度开展样线调查，各样线均开展4次重复调查。采用Chao2和Jackknife1对各海拔带物种丰富度进行非参数估计，并与观察丰富度比较以评估采样完整度；以范围插值物种丰富度为主要指标，采用多项式回归分析物种丰富度的海拔格局。共记录鸟类11目39科125种，其中国家一级重点保护鸟类1种、二级8种，近危鸟类10种及喜马拉雅特有种12种。各海拔带观察丰富度分别达到Chao2和Jackknife1估计丰富度的55.48%–93.84%和70.49%–84.21%，提示部分海拔带仍可能存在未检出物种。基于118种鸟类的海拔格局分析显示，范围插值物种丰富度与海拔呈显著负向关系，观察丰富度及Chao2、Jackknife1估计丰富度的分析结果与这一总体下降趋势一致。各海拔带的范围插值丰富度存在局部波动，最高值位于2400–2700 m（54种）；国家重点保护鸟类在2700–3000 m和4500–4800 m记录较多，提示保护与监测应兼顾丰富度高值区及重点保护物种分布区域。本研究补充了陈塘沟繁殖季鸟类物种名录及海拔分布资料，为区域鸟类长期监测和保护管理提供了基础依据。

关键词: 鸟类多样性, 物种丰富度, 海拔格局, 珠峰保护区

Abstract

Aims: Chentang Valley is an important valley within Qomolangma Nature Reserve, but systematic data on its bird species composition and elevational distributions remain limited. This study aimed to document breeding-season bird species composition and characterize the elevational pattern of species richness in Chentang Valley. 

Methods: Line-transect surveys were conducted along a continuous elevational gradient of 2,100–5,100 m during July–August 2023 and June–July 2024, with each transect surveyed four times in total. The nonparametric Chao2 and first-order jackknife (Jackknife1) estimators were used to estimate species richness in each elevational band. These estimates were compared with observed richness to assess sampling completeness. Range-interpolated species richness was used as the primary response variable in polynomial regression analyses of elevational patterns. 

Results: A total of 125 bird species belonging to 39 families and 11 orders were recorded, including one species under Class I and eight under Class II national protection in China, 10 species classified as Near Threatened on China’s Red List, and 12 Himalayan endemic species. Across elevational bands, observed richness represented 55.48%–93.84% of Chao2 estimates and 70.49%–84.21% of Jackknife1 estimates, suggesting that some species may have remained undetected. Analyses of the 118 species included in the elevational assessment showed a significant negative relationship between range-interpolated species richness and elevation. Analyses using observed richness and the Chao2 and Jackknife1 estimates supported this overall declining trend. Range-interpolated richness fluctuated among elevational bands and reached its highest value at 2,400–2,700 m (54 species). Relatively high numbers of nationally protected species were recorded at 2,700–3,000 m and 4,500–4,800 m. 

Conclusion: Conservation and monitoring should encompass both areas of high species richness and areas where species of conservation concern have been recorded. This study supplements the breeding-season bird inventory and elevational distribution records for Chentang Valley, providing baseline information for long-term bird monitoring and conservation management in the region.

Key words: bird diversity, species richness, elevational pattern, Mount Qomolangma National Nature Reserve

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