皖西大别山源头溪流水生昆虫多样性及其对环境因子的响应

doi:10.17520/biods.2026110

生物多样性

皖西大别山源头溪流水生昆虫多样性及其对环境因子的响应

李新豪¹, 蒲发光², 程扬², 周美生², 易厚启³, 万霞^1*

1. 安徽大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230601; 2. 安徽天马国家级自然保护区管理局, 安徽六安 237321; 3. 金寨县天堂寨镇自然资源和规划管理服务中心, 安徽六安 237343

收稿日期:2026-03-31 修回日期:2026-05-19 接受日期:2026-08-20
通讯作者: 万霞

Diversity of aquatic insects in headwater streams of Dabie Mountains in western Anhui and their responses to environmental gradients

Xinhao Li¹, Faguang Pu², Yang Cheng², Meisheng Zhou², Houqi Yi³, Xia Wan^1*

1 College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China

2 Anhui Tianma National Nature Reserve Administration, Lu’an, Anhui 237321, China

3 Natural Resources and Planning Management Service Center, Tiantangzhai Town, Jinzhai County, Lu’an, Anhui 237343, China

Received:2026-03-31 Revised:2026-05-19 Accepted:2026-08-20
Contact: Xia Wan

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 源头溪流是维持区域淡水生物多样性的重要生境, 但针对山区源头溪流水生昆虫多样性及其对环境因子的响应研究仍相对不足。本文于2024–2025年在天马国家级自然保护区沿海拔梯度设置10个样点, 采用索伯网法对该区域水生昆虫展开调查, 查明其群落组成并进行α和β多样性分析, 探讨其多样性格局及其对海拔、生境及水环境指标等环境因子的响应。本次调查共采集到水生昆虫10,592头, 隶属于8目45科119个分类单元, 优势类群为蜉蝣目、毛翅目、双翅目和蜻蜓目。不同海拔段的水生昆虫群落结构差异显著, 低海拔段(400–600 m)和中海拔段(600–800 m)物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Margalef丰富度指数均高于高海拔段(800–1,000 m)。冗余分析结果显示, 海拔、水温、高锰酸盐指数等是影响群落结构的关键环境因子。广义线性模型进一步揭示海拔和水温是影响群落多样性的关键因子, 溶解氧、总氮、水深等也是重要因子。研究表明, 海拔梯度通过调节温度及水化学条件显著影响源头溪流水生昆虫群落组成与多样性格局。研究结果丰富了大别山区源头溪流水生昆虫多样性的基础资料, 可为区域源头溪流生态保护、生物多样性监测及自然保护区管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 源头溪流, 水生昆虫, 群落组成, 物种多样性, 环境因子

Abstract

Aims: Headwater streams are important habitats for maintaining regional freshwater biodiversity, yet aquatic insect diversity in mountainous headwater streams and its responses to environmental factors remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to characterize the community composition and diversity of aquatic insects along an altitudinal gradient in Tianma National Nature Reserve and to identify the major environmental factors associated with these patterns.

Methods: From 2024 to 2025, aquatic insect communities were systematically surveyed at 10 sampling sites along an altitudinal gradient in Tianma National Nature Reserve. Community diversity was evaluated using species richness, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou evenness index. Differences in community structure among altitudinal zones were assessed using analysis of variance and non-metric multidimensional scaling. Redundancy analysis was used to identify key environmental factors affecting community composition, and generalized linear models were applied to evaluate the responses of diversity indices to environmental gradients.

Results: A total of 10,592 aquatic insect individuals were collected, representing 119 taxonomic units, 45 families, and 8 orders. Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, and Odonata were the dominant groups. Aquatic insect community structure differed significantly among altitudinal zones. Species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, and Margalef richness were higher in low-altitude (400–600 m) and mid-altitude (600–800 m) streams than in high-altitude streams (800–1,000 m). Redundancy analysis showed that altitude, water temperature, and the permanganate index were the key environmental factors associated with community structure. Generalized linear models further indicated that altitude and water temperature were the main factors influencing community diversity, while dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, and water depth also played important roles.

Conclusion: Altitudinal gradients significantly affected the composition and diversity patterns of aquatic insect communities in headwater streams by regulating thermal and hydrochemical conditions. These findings enrich baseline knowledge of aquatic insect diversity in headwater streams of the Dabie Mountains and provide scientific support for regional stream conservation, biodiversity monitoring, and management of nature reserves.

Key words: headwater stream, aquatic insects, community composition, species diversity, environment factor

李新豪, 蒲发光, 程扬, 周美生, 易厚启, 万霞. 皖西大别山源头溪流水生昆虫多样性及其对环境因子的响应. 生物多样性, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026110.

Xinhao Li, Faguang Pu, Yang Cheng, Meisheng Zhou, Houqi Yi, Xia Wan. Diversity of aquatic insects in headwater streams of Dabie Mountains in western Anhui and their responses to environmental gradients. Biodiversity Science, DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026110.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2026110

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