皖西大别山源头溪流水生昆虫多样性及其对环境因子的响应

doi:10.17520/biods.2026110

生物多样性 ›› 2026, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (7): 26110. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026110 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2026110

• 研究报告: 动物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

皖西大别山源头溪流水生昆虫多样性及其对环境因子的响应

李新豪¹, 蒲发光², 程扬², 周美生², 易厚启³, 万霞¹^,^*()

¹ 安徽大学资源与环境工程学院, 合肥 230601
² 安徽金寨天马国家级自然保护区管理局, 安徽六安 237321
³ 安徽天马国家级自然保护区天堂寨管理站, 安徽六安 237343

收稿日期:2026-03-31 接受日期:2026-06-07 出版日期:2026-07-20 发布日期:2026-09-21
通讯作者: 万霞
基金资助:
金寨天马国家级自然保护区昆虫资源调查项目(K160139202)

Diversity of aquatic insects in headwater streams of Dabie Mountains in western Anhui and their responses to environmental factors

Xinhao Li¹, Faguang Pu², Yang Cheng², Meisheng Zhou², Houqi Yi³, Xia Wan¹^,^*()

¹ School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
² Jinzhai Tianma National Nature Reserve Administration, Lu’an, Anhui 237321, China
³ Tiantangzhai Management Station in Anhui Tianma National Nature Reserve, Lu’an, Anhui 237343, China

Received:2026-03-31 Accepted:2026-06-07 Online:2026-07-20 Published:2026-09-21
Contact: Xia Wan
Supported by:
Insect Resource Survey Project of Jinzhai Tianma National Nature Reserve(K160139202)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

源头溪流是维持区域淡水生物多样性的重要生境, 但针对山区源头溪流水生昆虫多样性及其对环境因子的响应研究仍相对不足。本文于2024-2025年在金寨天马国家级自然保护区沿海拔梯度设置10个样点, 采用索伯网法对该区域水生昆虫展开调查, 研究其群落组成并进行α和β多样性分析, 探讨其多样性格局及其对海拔、生境及水环境指标等环境因子的响应。本次调查共采集到水生昆虫10,592头, 隶属于8目45科119个分类单元, 优势类群为蜉蝣目、毛翅目、双翅目和蜻蜓目。不同海拔段的水生昆虫群落结构差异显著, 低海拔段(400-600 m)和中海拔段(600-800 m)物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Margalef丰富度指数均高于高海拔段(800-1,000 m)。冗余分析结果显示, 海拔、水温、高锰酸盐指数等是影响群落结构的关键环境因子。广义线性模型进一步揭示海拔和水温是影响群落多样性的关键因子, 溶解氧、总氮、水深等也是重要因子。研究表明, 海拔梯度通过调节温度及水化学条件显著影响源头溪流水生昆虫群落组成与多样性格局。研究结果丰富了大别山区源头溪流水生昆虫多样性的基础资料, 可为区域源头溪流生态保护、生物多样性监测及自然保护区管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 源头溪流, 水生昆虫, 群落组成, 物种多样性, 环境因子

Abstract

Aims: Headwater streams are important habitats for maintaining regional freshwater biodiversity, yet aquatic insect diversity in mountainous headwater streams and its responses to environmental factors remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to characterize the community composition and diversity of aquatic insects along an altitudinal gradient in Jinzhai Tianma National Nature Reserve and to identify the major environmental factors associated with these patterns.
Methods: From 2024 to 2025, aquatic insect communities were systematically surveyed at 10 sampling sites along an altitudinal gradient in Jinzhai Tianma National Nature Reserve. Community diversity was evaluated using species richness, Berger-Parker dominance index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, Simpson diversity index, and Pielou evenness index. Differences in community structure among altitudinal zones were assessed using analysis of variance and non-metric multidimensional scaling. Redundancy analysis was used to identify key environmental factors affecting community composition, and generalized linear models were applied to evaluate the responses of diversity indices to environmental factors.
Results: A total of 10,592 aquatic insect individuals were collected, representing 119 taxonomic units, 45 families, and 8 orders. Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Diptera, and Odonata were the dominant groups. Aquatic insect community structure differed significantly among altitudinal zones. Species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, and Margalef richness index were higher in low-altitude (400-600 m) and mid-altitude (600-800 m) streams than in high-altitude streams (800-1,000 m). Redundancy analysis showed that altitude, water temperature, and the permanganate index were the key environmental factors associated with community structure. Generalized linear models further indicated that altitude and water temperature were the main factors influencing community diversity, while dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, and water depth also played important roles.
Conclusion: Altitudinal gradients significantly affected the composition and diversity patterns of aquatic insect communities in headwater streams by regulating thermal and hydrochemical conditions. These findings enrich baseline knowledge of aquatic insect diversity in headwater streams of the Dabie Mountains and provide scientific support for regional stream conservation, biodiversity monitoring, and management of nature reserves.

Key words: headwater stream, aquatic insects, community composition, species diversity, environmental factors

李新豪, 蒲发光, 程扬, 周美生, 易厚启, 万霞 (2026) 皖西大别山源头溪流水生昆虫多样性及其对环境因子的响应. 生物多样性, 34, 26110. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026110.

Xinhao Li, Faguang Pu, Yang Cheng, Meisheng Zhou, Houqi Yi, Xia Wan (2026) Diversity of aquatic insects in headwater streams of Dabie Mountains in western Anhui and their responses to environmental factors. Biodiversity Science, 34, 26110. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2026110.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2026110

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2026/V34/I7/26110

图/表 9

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目 Order	科 Family		分类单元 Taxon		个体 Individual
目 Order	数量 Number	百分比 Percentage (%)	数量 Number	百分比 Percentage (%)	数量 Number	百分比 Percentage (%)
蜉蝣目 Ephemeroptera	9	20.00	43	36.13	3,477	32.83
毛翅目 Trichoptera	8	17.78	17	14.29	2,383	22.50
双翅目 Diptera	11	24.44	29	24.37	2,189	20.67
蜻蜓目 Odonata	6	13.33	10	8.40	1,327	12.53
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	6	13.33	9	7.56	389	3.67
襀翅目 Plecoptera	3	6.67	4	3.36	460	4.34
广翅目 Megaloptera	1	2.22	3	2.52	326	3.07
半翅目 Hemiptera	1	2.22	4	3.36	41	0.39
总计 Total	45	100.00	119	100.00	10,592	100.00

目 Order	科 Family		分类单元 Taxon		个体 Individual
目 Order	数量 Number	百分比 Percentage (%)	数量 Number	百分比 Percentage (%)	数量 Number	百分比 Percentage (%)
蜉蝣目 Ephemeroptera	9	20.00	43	36.13	3,477	32.83
毛翅目 Trichoptera	8	17.78	17	14.29	2,383	22.50
双翅目 Diptera	11	24.44	29	24.37	2,189	20.67
蜻蜓目 Odonata	6	13.33	10	8.40	1,327	12.53
鞘翅目 Coleoptera	6	13.33	9	7.56	389	3.67
襀翅目 Plecoptera	3	6.67	4	3.36	460	4.34
广翅目 Megaloptera	1	2.22	3	2.52	326	3.07
半翅目 Hemiptera	1	2.22	4	3.36	41	0.39
总计 Total	45	100.00	119	100.00	10,592	100.00

物种 Species	低海拔 Low-altitude	中海拔 Mid-altitude	高海拔 High-altitude	全海拔 Total
安徽宽基蜉 Choroterpes anhuiensis	0.1020	0.0882	-	0.0769
二翅花翅蜉 Baetiella bispinosa	0.0325	0.0379	0.0456	0.0374
中华越南蜉 Vietnamella sinensis	-	-	0.0463	-
尼泊尔大腮蜉 Torleya nepalica	0.0203	-	0.0371	0.0221
逸仙丽翅蜉 Alainites yixiani	-	-	0.0426	-
鹿角亚非蜉 Afronurus alces	-	-	0.0265	0.0202
具纹亚非蜉 Afronurus costatus	0.0277	0.0458	0.0320	0.0340
绢蜉 Ephemera serica	-	-	0.0713	0.0297
格氏纹石蛾 Hydropsyche grahami	0.0904	-	-	0.0472
纹石蛾属一种2 Hydropsyche sp. 2	0.0395	-	-	0.0268
纹石蛾属一种3 Hydropsyche sp. 3	0.0341	-	-	-
横带长角纹石蛾 Macrostemum fastosum	0.0234	-	0.0511	0.0260
斑纹角石蛾 Stenopsyche marmorata	-	0.0240	-	-
裂片乌石蛾 Uenoa lobata	-	0.0497	0.0470	0.0277
摇蚊属一种 Chironomus sp.	0.0693	0.0352	0.0261	0.0484
多足摇蚊属一种 Polypedilum sp.	0.0565	0.0227	-	0.0380
棒脉摇蚊属一种 Corynoneura sp.	0.0244	0.0682	-	0.0249
黄蜻 Pantala flavescens	0.0935	0.1920	0.0496	0.1100
大别山钩襀 Kamimuria dabieshana	-	-	0.0331	0.0211
黄襀属一种 Xanthoperla sp.	-	0.0336	0.0522	0.0281
花边星齿蛉 Protohermes costalis	0.0223	0.0224	-	0.0220

物种 Species	低海拔 Low-altitude	中海拔 Mid-altitude	高海拔 High-altitude	全海拔 Total
安徽宽基蜉 Choroterpes anhuiensis	0.1020	0.0882	-	0.0769
二翅花翅蜉 Baetiella bispinosa	0.0325	0.0379	0.0456	0.0374
中华越南蜉 Vietnamella sinensis	-	-	0.0463	-
尼泊尔大腮蜉 Torleya nepalica	0.0203	-	0.0371	0.0221
逸仙丽翅蜉 Alainites yixiani	-	-	0.0426	-
鹿角亚非蜉 Afronurus alces	-	-	0.0265	0.0202
具纹亚非蜉 Afronurus costatus	0.0277	0.0458	0.0320	0.0340
绢蜉 Ephemera serica	-	-	0.0713	0.0297
格氏纹石蛾 Hydropsyche grahami	0.0904	-	-	0.0472
纹石蛾属一种2 Hydropsyche sp. 2	0.0395	-	-	0.0268
纹石蛾属一种3 Hydropsyche sp. 3	0.0341	-	-	-
横带长角纹石蛾 Macrostemum fastosum	0.0234	-	0.0511	0.0260
斑纹角石蛾 Stenopsyche marmorata	-	0.0240	-	-
裂片乌石蛾 Uenoa lobata	-	0.0497	0.0470	0.0277
摇蚊属一种 Chironomus sp.	0.0693	0.0352	0.0261	0.0484
多足摇蚊属一种 Polypedilum sp.	0.0565	0.0227	-	0.0380
棒脉摇蚊属一种 Corynoneura sp.	0.0244	0.0682	-	0.0249
黄蜻 Pantala flavescens	0.0935	0.1920	0.0496	0.1100
大别山钩襀 Kamimuria dabieshana	-	-	0.0331	0.0211
黄襀属一种 Xanthoperla sp.	-	0.0336	0.0522	0.0281
花边星齿蛉 Protohermes costalis	0.0223	0.0224	-	0.0220

	低海拔 Low-altitude	中海拔 Mid-altitude	高海拔 High-altitude	P
酸碱度 pH	7.40 ± 0.48	7.48 ± 0.55	6.98 ± 0.16	0.371
溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)	9.05 ± 0.32	8.82 ± 0.13	8.58 ± 0.41	0.207
水温 Water temperature (℃)	18.69 ± 2.61^a	14.94 ± 1.72^a	7.24 ± 1.82^b	< 0.001
电导率 Electrical conductivity (μS/cm)	58.48 ± 10.50^a	58.57 ± 3.62^a	33.40 ± 6.35^b	< 0.01
总磷 Total phosphorus (mg/L)	0.03 ± 0.00	0.03 ± 0.01	0.03 ± 0.00	0.727
总氮 Total nitrogen (mg/L)	0.70 ± 0.24^ab	1.02 ± 0.29^a	0.41 ± 0.15^b	< 0.05
氨氮 Ammonium nitrogen (mg/L)	0.07 ± 0.03	0.07 ± 0.05	0.05 ± 0.02	0.766
高锰酸盐指数 Permanganate index (mg/L)	1.75 ± 0.35^a	1.25 ± 0.14^ab	1.15 ± 0.27^b	< 0.05
流速 Velocity (m/s)	0.16 ± 0.06	0.08 ± 0.02	0.12 ± 0.06	0.273
水深 Water depth (m)	0.17 ± 0.01^a	0.12 ± 0.01^b	0.07 ± 0.00^c	< 0.001
水宽 Water width (m)	13.56 ± 12.02	14.95 ± 7.44	6.21 ± 5.28	0.490

皖西大别山源头溪流水生昆虫多样性及其对环境因子的响应

Diversity of aquatic insects in headwater streams of Dabie Mountains in western Anhui and their responses to environmental factors

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