大熊猫国家公园全民公益性评价研究: 基于利益相关者感知视角

doi:10.17520/biods.2024240

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (9): 24240. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024240

大熊猫国家公园全民公益性评价研究: 基于利益相关者感知视角

张雨琦¹, 文君², 张引³^,^*(), 李晟之⁴

1.格罗宁根大学空间科学学院, 格罗宁根 9700AV, 荷兰
2.代尔夫特理工大学建筑与建成环境学院, 代尔夫特 2628BL, 荷兰
3.重庆大学建筑城规学院, 重庆 400045, 中国
4.四川省社会科学院资源与环境研究中心, 成都 610072, 中国

收稿日期:2024-06-17 接受日期:2024-07-28 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-11-19
通讯作者: * E-mail: yinzhang@cqu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52108040);中央高校基本业务费项目(2024CDJXY014);中央高校基本业务费项目(2023CDJXY-008);国家留学基金(202006260019);国家留学基金(202006260017)

Assessing the common welfare in the Giant Panda National Park: From the perspective of stakeholders

Yuqi Zhang¹, Jun Wen², Yin Zhang³^,^*(), Shengzhi Li⁴

1. Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 AV, the Netherlands
2. Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628BL, the Netherlands
3. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
4. Research Center of Resources and Environment, Sichuan Academy of Social Sciences, Chengdu 610072, China

Received:2024-06-17 Accepted:2024-07-28 Online:2024-09-20 Published:2024-11-19
Contact: * E-mail: yinzhang@cqu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52108040);Basic Research Funds for Central Universities(2024CDJXY014);Basic Research Funds for Central Universities(2023CDJXY-008);China Scholarship Council(202006260019);China Scholarship Council(202006260017)

1. 附件.pdf(299KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全民公益性作为中国国家公园体制建设的三大理念之一, 相关研究以理论和定性分析为主, 较少有实证研究和定量评价, 为保护实践提供的科学依据有限。本研究基于“全民共有-全民共建-全民共享”三维框架, 构建了国家公园全民公益性评价指标体系。基于利益相关者感知视角, 通过问卷调查、线性判别分析、分层回归分析等方法, 对大熊猫国家公园的全民公益性水平进行了定量评价。结果表明: (1)大熊猫国家公园的全民公益性评价较为积极, 其感知程度由高到低为: 全民共有 > 全民共享 > 全民共建; (2)各类利益相关者对全民公益性的评价存在显著差异, 其中管理局和地方政府最为积极, 当地社区最为消极, 地方企业、专家学者和访客较为中立。研究指出, 全民公益性的基层实践需要重点关注当地社区, 全面推广社区共管, 并完善生态补偿机制, 以促进社区参与共建和利益共享。此外, 应促进利益相关者的沟通交流、优化各类主体参与的方式和途径。研究旨在丰富全民公益性的理论内涵, 提出定量测度全民公益性水平的有效方法, 为优化国家公园公众参与机制提供科学依据。

关键词: 国家公园, 全民公益性, 利益相关者, 社区治理, 自然保护地, 公众参与

Abstract

Aims: Common welfare is one of the three foundational concepts in the establishment of Chinese national parks. Existing research predominantly focused on theoretical and qualitative analyses, with few empirical explorations and quantitative discussions, resulting in limited scientific guidance and support for the conservation practices. Therefore, this study aims to provide empirical evidence and scientific reference for achieving common welfare in Chinese national parks by proposing a comprehensive indicator framework.
Methods: This study draws on three dimensions, owned by all, participated by all, and shared by all, and proposes 15 common welfare indicators. Using questionnaire surveys and methodologies such as linear discriminant analysis and hierarchical regression analysis, a quantitative assessment of common welfare was conducted based on the perceptions of stakeholders in the Giant Panda National Park (GPNP).
Results: The results showed that the overall common welfare in the GPNP was generally perceived positively. However, perceptions varied among stakeholder groups: local management agencies and governments held the most positive views, local communities had the most negative perceptions, while local enterprises, experts, and visitors maintained a neutral stance.
Conclusion: To achieve common welfare, increased attention should be directed toward the local communities. In particular, comprehensive promotion of community co-management and improvement of the ecological compensation mechanism are essential. Furthermore, enhancing communication among stakeholders and optimizing their participation are crucial steps in this process.

Key words: national park, common welfare, stakeholder, community governance, protected area, public participation

张雨琦, 文君, 张引, 李晟之 (2024) 大熊猫国家公园全民公益性评价研究: 基于利益相关者感知视角. 生物多样性, 32, 24240. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024240.

Yuqi Zhang, Jun Wen, Yin Zhang, Shengzhi Li (2024) Assessing the common welfare in the Giant Panda National Park: From the perspective of stakeholders. Biodiversity Science, 32, 24240. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024240.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024240

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I9/24240

图/表 9

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模型 Model	包含指标 Included indicators	调整后的R² Adjusted R²
模型 Model	包含指标 Included indicators	全民共有 Owned by all	全民共建 Participated by all	全民共享 Shared by all
模型1 Model 1	利益相关者 Stakeholders	0.038	0.195	0.141
模型2 Model 2	利益相关者、个人特征 Stakeholders; personal characteristics	0.061	0.270	0.166
模型3 Model 3	利益相关者、个人特征、所在区域 Stakeholders; personal characteristics; area	0.073	0.292	0.167

模型 Model	包含指标 Included indicators	调整后的R² Adjusted R²
模型 Model	包含指标 Included indicators	全民共有 Owned by all	全民共建 Participated by all	全民共享 Shared by all
模型1 Model 1	利益相关者 Stakeholders	0.038	0.195	0.141
模型2 Model 2	利益相关者、个人特征 Stakeholders; personal characteristics	0.061	0.270	0.166
模型3 Model 3	利益相关者、个人特征、所在区域 Stakeholders; personal characteristics; area	0.073	0.292	0.167

实际利益相关者分类 True stakeholders’ classification		分类利益相关者 Classified stakeholders
实际利益相关者分类 True stakeholders’ classification		管理机构 Management agencies	地方政府 Local governments	专家学者 Experts and scholars	地方企业 Local enterprises	访客 Visitors	当地社区 Local communities	总计 Total
管理机构 Management agencies	数量 Number	1	47	4	0	1	18	71
管理机构 Management agencies	比例 Percentage (%)	1.41	66.2	5.63	0	1.41	25.35	100
地方政府 Local governments	数量 Number	0	96	4	0	3	36	139
地方政府 Local governments	比例 Percentage (%)	0	69.06	2.88	0	2.16	25.9	100
专家学者 Experts and scholars	数量 Number	1	19	6	0	0	30	56
专家学者 Experts and scholars	比例 Percentage (%)	1.79	33.93	10.71	0	0	53.57	100
地方企业 Local enterprises	数量 Number	0	17	1	2	1	27	48
地方企业 Local enterprises	比例 Percentage (%)	0	35.42	2.08	4.17	2.08	56.25	100
访客 Visitors	数量 Number	0	20	4	1	1	26	52
访客 Visitors	比例 Percentage (%)	0	38.46	7.69	1.92	1.92	50	100
当地社区 Local communities	数量 Number	3	23	6	1	3	358	394
当地社区 Local communities	比例 Percentage (%)	0.76	5.84	1.52	0.25	0.76	90.86	100
总计 Total	数量 Number	5	222	25	4	9	495	760
总计 Total	比例 Percentage (%)	0.66	29.21	3.29	0.53	1.18	65.13	100
先验概率 Priors		0.0934	0.1829	0.0737	0.0632	0.0684	0.5184

实际利益相关者分类 True stakeholders’ classification		分类利益相关者 Classified stakeholders
实际利益相关者分类 True stakeholders’ classification		管理机构 Management agencies	地方政府 Local governments	专家学者 Experts and scholars	地方企业 Local enterprises	访客 Visitors	当地社区 Local communities	总计 Total
管理机构 Management agencies	数量 Number	1	47	4	0	1	18	71
管理机构 Management agencies	比例 Percentage (%)	1.41	66.2	5.63	0	1.41	25.35	100
地方政府 Local governments	数量 Number	0	96	4	0	3	36	139
地方政府 Local governments	比例 Percentage (%)	0	69.06	2.88	0	2.16	25.9	100
专家学者 Experts and scholars	数量 Number	1	19	6	0	0	30	56
专家学者 Experts and scholars	比例 Percentage (%)	1.79	33.93	10.71	0	0	53.57	100
地方企业 Local enterprises	数量 Number	0	17	1	2	1	27	48
地方企业 Local enterprises	比例 Percentage (%)	0	35.42	2.08	4.17	2.08	56.25	100
访客 Visitors	数量 Number	0	20	4	1	1	26	52
访客 Visitors	比例 Percentage (%)	0	38.46	7.69	1.92	1.92	50	100
当地社区 Local communities	数量 Number	3	23	6	1	3	358	394
当地社区 Local communities	比例 Percentage (%)	0.76	5.84	1.52	0.25	0.76	90.86	100
总计 Total	数量 Number	5	222	25	4	9	495	760
总计 Total	比例 Percentage (%)	0.66	29.21	3.29	0.53	1.18	65.13	100
先验概率 Priors		0.0934	0.1829	0.0737	0.0632	0.0684	0.5184

维度 Dimension	组间 Between groups		组内 Within groups		F	显著性Sig.	事后检验 Post-hoc test (P < 0.05)
维度 Dimension	平方和 Sum of squares	df	平方和 Sum of squares	df	F	显著性Sig.	邦弗伦尼或塔姆黑尼 Bonferroni or Tamhane
全民共有 Owned by all	33.828	5	725.172	754	7.034	0.000	管理机构 > 专家学者, 地方企业, 访客, 当地社区; 地方政府 > 当地社区 Management agencies > experts and scholars, local enterprises, visitors, local communities; local governments > local communities
全民共建 Participated by all	151.731	5	607.269	754	37.679	0.000	管理机构, 地方政府 > 专家学者, 地方企业; 访客 > 当地社区 Management agencies, local governments > experts and scholars, local enterprises; visitors > local communities
全民共享 Benefit by all	110.934	5	648.066	754	25.814	0.000	管理机构, 地方政府, 专家学者, 地方企业, 访客 > 当地社区; 地方政府 > 地方企业 Management agencies, local government, experts and scholars, local enterprises, visitors > local communities; local governments > local enterprises

大熊猫国家公园全民公益性评价研究: 基于利益相关者感知视角

Assessing the common welfare in the Giant Panda National Park: From the perspective of stakeholders

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