生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 24192. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024192 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024192
曹东1,2,3(
), 李焕龙1,2,3(), 彭扬1,2,3(), 魏存争1,2,3,*()(
)
收稿日期:2024-05-20
接受日期:2024-08-01
出版日期:2025-02-20
发布日期:2024-11-05
通讯作者:
*E-mail: weicunzheng@ibcas.ac.cn
基金资助:
Cao Dong1,2,3(), Li Huanlong1,2,3(), Peng Yang1,2,3(), Wei Cunzheng1,2,3,*()()
Received:2024-05-20
Accepted:2024-08-01
Online:2025-02-20
Published:2024-11-05
Contact:
*E-mail: weicunzheng@ibcas.ac.cn
Supported by:摘要：
物种的基因组大小反映了基因组扩张和收缩机制之间的动态平衡, 其受自然选择和遗传漂变等多重因素影响。关于基因组大小与性状关系的研究成果众多, 但尚缺乏系统性的梳理和总结。本文总结了植物基因组大小与41个性状之间的60种不同关联, 并尝试将这些性状划分为9个尺度, 包括分子、细胞、组织、器官、个体、种群、群落、生态系统和生物地理尺度。为解释基因组大小与性状之间的关系, 本文在现有假说的基础上, 提出了“基因组大小分区假说”。该假说认为, 植物基因组大小的分布范围内可能存在两个平衡点和一个最优点, 而环境条件如养分和水分的变化, 可能会改变这些平衡点和最优点的位置, 从而驱动植物基因组大小向新的最优点方向演化, 形成新的平衡。最后, 本文建议将基因组大小作为核心功能性状纳入生态模型, 以提升对群落和生态系统应对全球环境挑战(如氮沉降和气候变化)的理解。
曹东, 李焕龙, 彭扬, 魏存争 (2025) 植物基因组大小与性状关系的研究进展. 生物多样性, 33, 24192. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024192.
Cao Dong, Li Huanlong, Peng Yang, Wei Cunzheng (2025) Progresses in the study of the relationship between plant genome size and traits. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24192. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024192.
图1 被子植物基因组大小的分布
Fig. 1 Distribution of genome sizes in angiosperms
| 尺度 Scale | 性状 Traits | 关系 Correlation | 参考文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 分子 Molecule | 转座子数 Transposables | + | Wang et al, |
| ^ | Lynch et al, | ||
| GC含量 GC content | + | Musto et al, | |
| ^ | Veselý et al, | ||
| 染色体数量 Chromosome number | + | Wang et al, | |
| 细胞 Cell | 细胞周期长度 Cell cycle duration | + | Bennett, |
| 细胞大小 Cell size | + | Renzaglia et al, | |
| 花粉大小 Pollen size | + | Knight et al, | |
| 细胞密度 Cell density | ‒ | Théroux-Rancourt et al, | |
| 细胞分裂速率 Cell division rate | ‒ | Bennett & Smith, | |
| 细胞核体积 Nucleus size | + | Van’t Hof & Sparrow, | |
| 精子移动能力 Sperm mobility | ‒ | Renzaglia et al, | |
| 组织 Tissue | 叶片组织弹性 Leaf tissue elasticity | ‒ | Castro-Jimenez et al, |
| 导管直径 Xylem vessel diameter | + | Maherali et al, | |
| 器官 Organ | 种子重量 Seed mass | + | Maranon & Grubb, |
| ns | Leishman, | ||
| 种子数量 Seed number | ‒ | Suda et al, | |
| 叶片长度 Leaf length | + | Chung et al, | |
| ‒ | Caceres et al, | ||
| 叶片宽度 Leaf width | ‒ | Zonneveld & Duncan, | |
| + | Chung et al, | ||
| 叶片含氮量 Leaf nitrogen content | + | Kang et al, | |
| 叶片含磷量 Leaf phosphorus content | ns | Kang et al, | |
| 比叶面积 Specific leaf area | + | Kang et al, | |
| 开花时间 Flowering period | ‒ | Veselý et al, | |
| 个体 Individual | 生长速率 Growth rate | + | Grime et al, |
| ‒ | Biradar et al, | ||
| 最短代际时间 Minimum generation time | + | Chooi, | |
| ‒ | Labani & Elkingtion, | ||
| ns | Cavallini et al, | ||
| 最大植株高度 Maximum plant height | ‒ | 邵晨等, | |
| 最大光合速率 Maximum photosynthetic rate | ‒ | Beaulieu et al, | |
| 代谢速率 Metabolic rate | ‒ | Szarski, | |
| 种群 Population | 种群大小 Population size | ‒ | Charlesworth & Barton, |
| 入侵能力 Invasiveness | ‒ | Chen et al, | |
| ns | Gallagher et al, | ||
| 物种分化速率 Diversification rate | ‒ | Kraaijeveld, | |
| 灭绝速率 Risk of extinction | + | Vinogradov, | |
| 群落 Community | 群落竞争性策略 Community competitive strategy | ^ | Šmarda et al, |
| 物种丰富度 Species richness | ^ | Peng et al, | |
| 群落生产力 Community productivity | ^ | Šmarda et al, | |
| 群落霜冻耐受性 Community frost resistance | + | Macgillivray & Grime, | |
| 生态系统 Ecosystem | 磷可利用性 Phosphorus availability | + | Šmarda et al, |
| 氮可利用性 Nitrogen availability | + | Kang et al, | |
| CO2 浓度 CO2 concentration | + | Jasieński & Bazzaz, | |
| 重金属离子浓度 Heavy metal concentration | ‒ | Vidic et al, | |
| 温度 Temperature | + | Turpeinen et al, | |
| ‒ | Campbell et al, | ||
| ^ | Knight & Ackerly, | ||
| ns | Kalendar et al, | ||
| 降雨量 Precipitation | + | Price et al, | |
| ‒ | Bottini et al, | ||
| ns | Sims & Price, | ||
| 生物地理 Biogeography | 纬度 Latitude | + | Miksche, |
| ‒ | Bennett et al, | ||
| ns | Teoh & Rees, | ||
| 海拔高度 Altitude | + | Bennett, | |
| ‒ | Mangelsdorf & Cameron, | ||
| ^ | Rayburn, | ||
| ns | Palomino, |
表1 基因组大小与不同性状之间的关系(+代表正相关, ‒代表负相关, ^代表非线性, ns代表不相关)
Table 1 Relationships between genome size and various traits (+ indicates positive correlation, ‒ indicates negative correlation, ^ indicates non-linear relationship, ns indicates no significant correlation)
| 尺度 Scale | 性状 Traits | 关系 Correlation | 参考文献 References |
|---|---|---|---|
| 分子 Molecule | 转座子数 Transposables | + | Wang et al, |
| ^ | Lynch et al, | ||
| GC含量 GC content | + | Musto et al, | |
| ^ | Veselý et al, | ||
| 染色体数量 Chromosome number | + | Wang et al, | |
| 细胞 Cell | 细胞周期长度 Cell cycle duration | + | Bennett, |
| 细胞大小 Cell size | + | Renzaglia et al, | |
| 花粉大小 Pollen size | + | Knight et al, | |
| 细胞密度 Cell density | ‒ | Théroux-Rancourt et al, | |
| 细胞分裂速率 Cell division rate | ‒ | Bennett & Smith, | |
| 细胞核体积 Nucleus size | + | Van’t Hof & Sparrow, | |
| 精子移动能力 Sperm mobility | ‒ | Renzaglia et al, | |
| 组织 Tissue | 叶片组织弹性 Leaf tissue elasticity | ‒ | Castro-Jimenez et al, |
| 导管直径 Xylem vessel diameter | + | Maherali et al, | |
| 器官 Organ | 种子重量 Seed mass | + | Maranon & Grubb, |
| ns | Leishman, | ||
| 种子数量 Seed number | ‒ | Suda et al, | |
| 叶片长度 Leaf length | + | Chung et al, | |
| ‒ | Caceres et al, | ||
| 叶片宽度 Leaf width | ‒ | Zonneveld & Duncan, | |
| + | Chung et al, | ||
| 叶片含氮量 Leaf nitrogen content | + | Kang et al, | |
| 叶片含磷量 Leaf phosphorus content | ns | Kang et al, | |
| 比叶面积 Specific leaf area | + | Kang et al, | |
| 开花时间 Flowering period | ‒ | Veselý et al, | |
| 个体 Individual | 生长速率 Growth rate | + | Grime et al, |
| ‒ | Biradar et al, | ||
| 最短代际时间 Minimum generation time | + | Chooi, | |
| ‒ | Labani & Elkingtion, | ||
| ns | Cavallini et al, | ||
| 最大植株高度 Maximum plant height | ‒ | 邵晨等, | |
| 最大光合速率 Maximum photosynthetic rate | ‒ | Beaulieu et al, | |
| 代谢速率 Metabolic rate | ‒ | Szarski, | |
| 种群 Population | 种群大小 Population size | ‒ | Charlesworth & Barton, |
| 入侵能力 Invasiveness | ‒ | Chen et al, | |
| ns | Gallagher et al, | ||
| 物种分化速率 Diversification rate | ‒ | Kraaijeveld, | |
| 灭绝速率 Risk of extinction | + | Vinogradov, | |
| 群落 Community | 群落竞争性策略 Community competitive strategy | ^ | Šmarda et al, |
| 物种丰富度 Species richness | ^ | Peng et al, | |
| 群落生产力 Community productivity | ^ | Šmarda et al, | |
| 群落霜冻耐受性 Community frost resistance | + | Macgillivray & Grime, | |
| 生态系统 Ecosystem | 磷可利用性 Phosphorus availability | + | Šmarda et al, |
| 氮可利用性 Nitrogen availability | + | Kang et al, | |
| CO2 浓度 CO2 concentration | + | Jasieński & Bazzaz, | |
| 重金属离子浓度 Heavy metal concentration | ‒ | Vidic et al, | |
| 温度 Temperature | + | Turpeinen et al, | |
| ‒ | Campbell et al, | ||
| ^ | Knight & Ackerly, | ||
| ns | Kalendar et al, | ||
| 降雨量 Precipitation | + | Price et al, | |
| ‒ | Bottini et al, | ||
| ns | Sims & Price, | ||
| 生物地理 Biogeography | 纬度 Latitude | + | Miksche, |
| ‒ | Bennett et al, | ||
| ns | Teoh & Rees, | ||
| 海拔高度 Altitude | + | Bennett, | |
| ‒ | Mangelsdorf & Cameron, | ||
| ^ | Rayburn, | ||
| ns | Palomino, |
图2 自然选择与遗传漂变两种力量对基因组大小演化的影响, 改编自Blommaert (2020)。(A)遗传漂变在基因组大小的演化中扮演的角色更重要; (B)自然选择在基因组大小的演化中扮演的角色更重要。
Fig. 2 Two scenarios illustrating the relative roles of natural selection and genetic drift in genome size evolution, adapted from Blommaert (2020). (A) Genetic drift plays a more significant role in genome size evolution; (B) Natural selection plays a more sigmificant role in genome size evolution.
| 优势 Advantages | 劣势 Disadvantages | |
|---|---|---|
| 大基因组 Larger GS | 对霜冻的耐受性更强 Greater resistance to frost (Macgillivray & Grime, 提供自然选择的功能空间更多 More function space for natural selection (Mei et al, 后代的遗传多样性更高 Greater genetic diversity in offspring (石米娟等, | 对养分的需求量更大 Greater demand for nutrients (Guignard et al, 修复DNA的能量需求更多 More energy needed to repair DNA (Hidalgo et al, 生长速度更慢 Slower growth rates (Hessen et al, |
| 小基因组 Smaller GS | 对养分的需求量更少 Lower demand for nutrients (Guignard et al, 修复DNA的能量需求更多 Less energy needed to repair DNA (Hidalgo et al, 生长速度更快 Faster growth rates (Hessen et al, | 对霜冻的耐受性更弱 Weaker resistance to frost (Macgillivray & Grime, 提供自然选择的功能空间更少 Less function space for natural selection (Mei et al, 后代的遗传多样性更低 Lower genetic diversity in offspring (石米娟等, |
表2 大基因组和小基因组各自的优劣势(GS指基因组大小)
Table 2 Some advantages and disadvantages of larger genome and smaller genome (GS means genome size)
| 优势 Advantages | 劣势 Disadvantages | |
|---|---|---|
| 大基因组 Larger GS | 对霜冻的耐受性更强 Greater resistance to frost (Macgillivray & Grime, 提供自然选择的功能空间更多 More function space for natural selection (Mei et al, 后代的遗传多样性更高 Greater genetic diversity in offspring (石米娟等, | 对养分的需求量更大 Greater demand for nutrients (Guignard et al, 修复DNA的能量需求更多 More energy needed to repair DNA (Hidalgo et al, 生长速度更慢 Slower growth rates (Hessen et al, |
| 小基因组 Smaller GS | 对养分的需求量更少 Lower demand for nutrients (Guignard et al, 修复DNA的能量需求更多 Less energy needed to repair DNA (Hidalgo et al, 生长速度更快 Faster growth rates (Hessen et al, | 对霜冻的耐受性更弱 Weaker resistance to frost (Macgillivray & Grime, 提供自然选择的功能空间更少 Less function space for natural selection (Mei et al, 后代的遗传多样性更低 Lower genetic diversity in offspring (石米娟等, |
图3 三种可能存在的基因组大小分布模式。红色箭头代表环境因素施加的选择压力, 箭头越大代表选择压力越强。DS: 基因组小的劣势; AS: 基因组小的优势; AL: 基因组大的优势; DL: 基因组大的劣势。
Fig. 3 Three potential distribution patterns of genome size in angiosperms. The red arrows indicate the selection pressure exerted by environmental factors, with larger arrows representing stronger pressures. DS, Disadvantages of smaller genome size; AS, Advantages of smaller genome size; AL, Advantages of larger genome size; DL, Disadvantages of larger genome size.
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