腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区种子雨和土壤种子库动态与植被更新潜力

doi:10.17520/biods.2024254

生物多样性 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 24254. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024254 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024254

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区种子雨和土壤种子库动态与植被更新潜力

曲文杰¹^,²^,³, 王磊¹^,⁵^,^*(), 康文岩⁴, 杨新国¹^,⁵^,^*(), 屈建军³, 张雪¹^,⁵

1.宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021
2.宁夏大学农林与生态环境学部, 银川 750021
3.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站, 兰州 730000
4.中国铁路兰州局集团有限公司中卫工务段, 宁夏中卫 755000
5.宁夏黄河湿地生态系统国家定位观测研究站, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2024-06-23 接受日期:2024-08-22 出版日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-02-19
通讯作者: * E-mail: WL8999@163.com; xinguoyang1976@163.com
基金资助:
宁夏科技创新领军人才(2021GKLRLX13);国家自然科学基金(32060313)

Seed supply and regeneration potential of sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert

Wenjie Qu¹^,²^,³, Lei Wang¹^,⁵^,^*(), Wenyan Kang⁴, Xinguo Yang¹^,⁵^,^*(), Jianjun Qu³, Xue Zhang¹^,⁵

1 Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Resoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
2 Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Ecological Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
3 Dunhuang Gobi and Desert Ecological and Environmental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
4 Zhongwei Section, Lanzhou Bureau Group Co., Ltd., China Railway, Zhongwei, Ningxia 755000, China
5 National Observation and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystem of Yellow River in Ningxia, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2024-06-23 Accepted:2024-08-22 Online:2025-01-20 Published:2025-02-19
Contact: * E-mail: WL8999@163.com; xinguoyang1976@163.com
Supported by:
Leading Talents in Scientific and Technological Innovation in Ningxia(2021GKLRLX13);National Natural Science Foundation of China(32060313)

1. 附录.pdf(146KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

保持固沙植被系统的相对稳定性, 促进其植被的自然更新与演替, 当前已成为腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙植被可持续管理亟待解决的重要理论与技术问题。本研究以包兰铁路北侧不同年限固沙植被区为研究对象, 对其种子雨、土壤种子库、地上植被的特征, 以及三者之间的关系进行了分析。结果表明: 种子雨的组成以一年生草本为主, 其密度动态受物种扩散物候控制, 普遍呈双峰(峰值分别出现在7月和11月)分布模式, 并以30-40年固沙植被区种子雨密度为最高。土壤种子库植物组成以一年生草本植物为主, 兼具瞬时和持久种子库特征, 并以表层土壤和30-40年固沙植被区土壤种子库密度最高。不同年限固沙植被区普遍呈现出结构相对简单的地上植被组成特征。地上植被与种子雨、土壤种子库的物种相似性分析结果表明, 50-60年固沙植被区相似性显著高于15-20年和30-40年固沙植被区, 土壤种子库与地上植被的相似性高于种子雨与地上植被的相似性。从月度物种构成的相似性来看, 土壤种子库的组内相似性最高, 其次是地上植被。腾格里沙漠东南缘固沙植被区种子雨发生、土壤种子库组成、地上植被特征具有显著的物种和生境差异性; 随固沙年限的增加, 三者间联系的紧密程度随之提升, 趋于形成本地土壤种子库补充地上植被循环的更新维持机制。

关键词: 腾格里沙漠, 种子雨, 土壤种子库, 植被更新, 相似性分析

Abstract

Aims: In arid sandy areas, while the sand-fixing vegetation system is crucial to maintaining ecological security, artificial vegetation gradually often faces the risk of degradation with the increase of the growth period. Recently, it has become an urgent theoretical and technical challenge to maintain the relative stability of sand-fixing vegetation systems, as well as promote their natural regeneration and succession. To understand the ecological traits of seeds from sand-fixing vegetation areas with different establishment years, we collected vegetation samples from the north side of the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway at the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert. Our objectives are to determine the characteristics of the seed rain, soil seed bank, and aboveground vegetation, along with interrelationships among them to characterize species growth and community structures in this specific environment. The overall goal is to fully understand the mechanisms of underlying vegetation renewal, succession, and stability maintenance in the sand-fixing vegetation area on the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the sustainable management of the sand-fixing vegetation system.

Methods: On the northern edge of the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway, we selected three types of sand-fixing plots with different establishment years (15-20 years, 30-40 years, 50-60 years) for a 2-year field study. We collected seed trap and soil seed bank samples annually from these plots. The collected seeds were germinated indoors, and vegetation surveys were conducted each year. The similarity of species composition between aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and soil seed bank were analyzed using the Sørensen similarity index (SI) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination methods. Additionally, we quantitatively analyzed the relative contributions of seed source availability versus dispersal limitation to the formation of the soil seed bank.

Results: Our results indicated that the seed rain composition in sand-fixing vegetation areas with different establishment years was dominated by annual herbs, with their density dynamics showing a bimodal distribution pattern in July and November, controlled by the phenology of seed dispersal. The highest seed rain density was observed in sand-fixing vegetation established for 30-40 years. The soil seed bank composition in these areas was primarily composed of annual herbs, exhibiting characteristics of both transient and persistent seed banks, with a tendency towards persistent seed banks. However, seeds of Caragana korshinskii showed typical transient soil seed bank characteristics. The highest soil seed bank density was found in the surface soil layer and in areas established for 30-40 years. Aboveground vegetation in sand-fixing areas generally exhibited a simple structure. The similarity between mobile dune areas and areas established for 50-60 years was higher than that between areas established for the 15-20 years and those established for 30-40 years. Furthermore, the similarity between soil seed banks and aboveground vegetation was higher than that between seed rain and aboveground vegetation. Regarding the similarity in monthly species composition, the highest similarity within groups was found in the soil seed bank, followed by aboveground vegetation. Additionally, our species composition similarity results between aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and soil seed bank, showed no significant differences using both SI and NMDS ordination methods. Both methods revealed that similarities between aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and soil seed banks tend to increase with sand-fixing duration.

Conclusion: Persistent soil seed banks serve as a potential driving force for long-term vegetation renewal, while seed rain enhances the potential for vegetation regeneration. In this study, we determined that sand-fixing vegetation areas in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert, as well as the occurrence of seed rain, the composition of the soil seed bank, and the characteristics of aboveground vegetation, exhibit significant differences in species and habitat. Additionally, we found that as the duration of sand-fixing increases, the degree of connection among the three components (seed rain, soil seed bank, and aboveground vegetation) also increases, tending to form a local soil seed bank supplementation mechanism that supports the cyclical renewal and maintenance processes of aboveground vegetation.

Key words: the Tengger Desert, seed rain, soil seed bank, vegetation regeneration, similarity analysis

曲文杰, 王磊, 康文岩, 杨新国, 屈建军, 张雪 (2025) 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区种子雨和土壤种子库动态与植被更新潜力. 生物多样性, 33, 24254. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024254.

Wenjie Qu, Lei Wang, Wenyan Kang, Xinguo Yang, Jianjun Qu, Xue Zhang (2025) Seed supply and regeneration potential of sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert. Biodiversity Science, 33, 24254. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024254.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2024254

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2025/V33/I1/24254

图/表 8

图1 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区种子雨密度月度动态(平均值 ± 标准误)。小图为不同年限固沙样地种子雨密度对比。不同字母表示不同生境之间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 1 Monthly dynamics of seed rain density in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert (mean ± SE). The inset figure shows a comparison of seed rain density in sand-fixing plots with different establishment years. Different letters indicate significant differences among different habitats (P < 0.05).

图2 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区主要物种种子雨密度的月动态

Fig. 2 Monthly dynamics of seed rain density for dominant species in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert

图3 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区种子密度垂直分布特征(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同字母表示不同土层之间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 Vertical distribution of seed density in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences among different soil layers (P < 0.05).

图4 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区土壤种子库种子密度月度动态(平均值 ± 标准误)。小图为不同年限固沙样地土壤种子库种子密度对比。不同字母表示不同生境之间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 Monthly dynamics of seed density in soil seed bank in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert (mean ± SE). The inset figure shows a comparison of soil seed bank density in sand-fixing plots with different establishment years. Different letters indicate significant differences among different habitats (P < 0.05).

图5 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区土壤种子库主要物种种子密度的月动态

Fig. 5 Monthly dynamics of seed density of dominant species in the soil seed bank in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert

表1 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区不同年限固沙植被区草本植被物种组成及重要值

Table 1 Species composition and importance value (IV) of herbaceous vegetation in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert

属 Genus	种 Species	生活型 Life form	不同年限固沙植被区 Sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years (%)
属 Genus	种 Species	生活型 Life form	流沙 Mobile dunes	15-20年 15-20 years	30-40年 30-40 years	50-60年 50-60 years
禾本科 Poaceae
画眉草属 Eragrostis	小画眉草 Eragrostis minor	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	20.94 ± 0.05^a	36.44 ± 0.02^a	34.96 ± 0.03^a
狗尾草属 Setaria	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	17.46 ± 0.04^ab	21.59 ± 0.04^a	18.63 ± 0.02^b
虎尾草属 Chloris	虎尾草 Chloris virgata	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	9.48 ± 0.00^b	15.64 ± 0.02^ab	17.16 ± 0.02^bc
九顶草属 Enneapogon	九顶草 Enneapogon desvauxii	多年生草本 Perennial herb	-	-	5.06 ± 0.00^b	8.58 ± 0.02^b
锋芒草属 Tragus	锋芒草 Tragus mongolorum	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	-	4.09 ± 0.01^b	13.3 ± 0.04^b
苋科 Amaranthaceae
猪毛菜属 Salsola	猪毛菜 Salsola collina	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	33.01 ± 0.03^a	18.2 ± 0.02^ab	27.56 ± 0.02^c
虫实属 Corispermum	蒙古虫实 Corispermum mongolicum	一年生草本 Annual herb	9.65 ± 0^ab	28.25 ± 0.02^a	18.88 ± 0.06^ab	9.11 ± 0.03^b
雾冰藜属 Grubovia	雾冰藜 Grubovia dasyphylla	一年生草本 Annual herb	1.96 ± 0^b	15.35 ± 0.03^ab	12.66 ± 0.03^ab	14.23 ± 0.01^bc
沙蓬属 Agriophyllum	沙蓬 Agriophyllum pungens	一年生草本 Annual herb	66.39 ± 0.05^a	16.39 ± 0.05^ab	18.95 ± 0.00^ab	-
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae
蒺藜属 Tribulus	蒺藜 Tribulus terrestris	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	-	3.42 ± 0.00^b	-
菊科 Asteraceae
蒿属 Artemisia	黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	多年生草本 Perennial herb	-	-	-	6.29 ± 0.08^b
蓝刺头属 Echinops	砂蓝刺头 Echinops gmelinii	二年生草本 Biennial herb	-	4.57 ± 0.02^b	29.91 ± 0.04^a	12.57 ± 0.01^bc

表1 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区不同年限固沙植被区草本植被物种组成及重要值

Table 1 Species composition and importance value (IV) of herbaceous vegetation in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert

属 Genus	种 Species	生活型 Life form	不同年限固沙植被区 Sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years (%)
属 Genus	种 Species	生活型 Life form	流沙 Mobile dunes	15-20年 15-20 years	30-40年 30-40 years	50-60年 50-60 years
禾本科 Poaceae
画眉草属 Eragrostis	小画眉草 Eragrostis minor	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	20.94 ± 0.05^a	36.44 ± 0.02^a	34.96 ± 0.03^a
狗尾草属 Setaria	狗尾草 Setaria viridis	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	17.46 ± 0.04^ab	21.59 ± 0.04^a	18.63 ± 0.02^b
虎尾草属 Chloris	虎尾草 Chloris virgata	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	9.48 ± 0.00^b	15.64 ± 0.02^ab	17.16 ± 0.02^bc
九顶草属 Enneapogon	九顶草 Enneapogon desvauxii	多年生草本 Perennial herb	-	-	5.06 ± 0.00^b	8.58 ± 0.02^b
锋芒草属 Tragus	锋芒草 Tragus mongolorum	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	-	4.09 ± 0.01^b	13.3 ± 0.04^b
苋科 Amaranthaceae
猪毛菜属 Salsola	猪毛菜 Salsola collina	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	33.01 ± 0.03^a	18.2 ± 0.02^ab	27.56 ± 0.02^c
虫实属 Corispermum	蒙古虫实 Corispermum mongolicum	一年生草本 Annual herb	9.65 ± 0^ab	28.25 ± 0.02^a	18.88 ± 0.06^ab	9.11 ± 0.03^b
雾冰藜属 Grubovia	雾冰藜 Grubovia dasyphylla	一年生草本 Annual herb	1.96 ± 0^b	15.35 ± 0.03^ab	12.66 ± 0.03^ab	14.23 ± 0.01^bc
沙蓬属 Agriophyllum	沙蓬 Agriophyllum pungens	一年生草本 Annual herb	66.39 ± 0.05^a	16.39 ± 0.05^ab	18.95 ± 0.00^ab	-
蒺藜科 Zygophyllaceae
蒺藜属 Tribulus	蒺藜 Tribulus terrestris	一年生草本 Annual herb	-	-	3.42 ± 0.00^b	-
菊科 Asteraceae
蒿属 Artemisia	黑沙蒿 Artemisia ordosica	多年生草本 Perennial herb	-	-	-	6.29 ± 0.08^b
蓝刺头属 Echinops	砂蓝刺头 Echinops gmelinii	二年生草本 Biennial herb	-	4.57 ± 0.02^b	29.91 ± 0.04^a	12.57 ± 0.01^bc

表2 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区地上植被与种子雨、土壤种子库的物种相似性

Table 2 Species similarity between aboveground vegetation and seed rain, and between aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert

固沙年限 Sand-fixing period	地上植被物种数 No. of aboveground vegetation species	种子雨物种数 No. of species seed rain species	地上植被与种子雨 Aboveground vegetation and seed rain		土壤种子库物种数 No. of soil seed bank species	地上植被与土壤种子库 Aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank
固沙年限 Sand-fixing period	地上植被物种数 No. of aboveground vegetation species	种子雨物种数 No. of species seed rain species	共有物种数 No. of shared species	Sørensen相似性指数 Sørensen similarity index	土壤种子库物种数 No. of soil seed bank species	共有物种数 No. of shared species	Sørensen相似性指数 Sørensen similarity index
流沙 Mobile dunes	3	6	3	0.67	3	3	1.00
15-20年 15-20 years	8	17	8	0.64	13	8	0.76
30-40年 30-40 years	11	17	8	0.57	17	10	0.71
50-60年 50-60 years	10	15	10	0.80	15	10	0.80

图6 腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区地上植被、种子雨与土壤种子库物种NMDS排序分析。(a)地上植被、种子雨与土壤种子库月度物种构成均值的NMDS排序; (b)地上植被、种子雨与土壤种子库及地上植被分别与种子雨、土壤种子库间的距离比较(平均值 ± 标准误)。不同字母表示不同类型之间的差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of species in aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and soil seed bank. in sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert (a), NMDS ordination of monthly mean species composition of aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and soil seed bank; (b), Comparison of similarity within aboveground vegetation, seed rain, and soil seed bank, and between aboveground vegetation and seed rain, and between aboveground vegetation and soil seed bank (mean ± SE). Different letters indicate significant differences among different types of vegetation (P < 0.05).

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腾格里沙漠东南缘不同年限固沙植被区种子雨和土壤种子库动态与植被更新潜力

Seed supply and regeneration potential of sand-fixing vegetation with different establishment years in the southeastern edge of the Tengger Desert

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