生物多样性 ›› 2022, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 21329. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021329
张尚明玉1, 何兴成1, 王燕1, 王贝爻1, 何倩芸1, 张怡田1, 王彬2, 张凯3, 胡力4, 尚涛4, 朱敏5, 吴永杰1,*()
收稿日期:
2021-08-19
接受日期:
2021-11-09
出版日期:
2022-04-07
发布日期:
2022-01-29
通讯作者:
吴永杰
作者简介:
*E-mail: wuyongjie@scu.edu.cn
Shangmingyu Zhang1, Xingcheng He1, Yan Wang1, Beiyao Wang1, Qianyun He1, Yitian Zhang1, Bin Wang2, Kai Zhang3, Li Hu4, Tao Shang4, Min Zhu5, Yongjie Wu1,*()
Received:
2021-08-19
Accepted:
2021-11-09
Online:
2022-04-07
Published:
2022-01-29
Contact:
Yongjie Wu
摘要:
都江堰地区位于生物多样性热点地区, 具有丰富的鸟类多样性, 但迄今仍缺乏全面的鸟类物种名录。本研究于2016年5月至2019年8月, 在都江堰地区采用固定样线法开展了鸟类多样性调查, 结合历史文献共记录该地区鸟类17目61科311种。其中留鸟184种(59.2%), 夏候鸟68种(21.9%), 冬候鸟35种(11.3%), 旅鸟24种(7.7%); 繁殖鸟类252种(81.0%); 雀形目鸟类212种(68.2%); 国家I级重点保护鸟类9种(2.9%), 国家II级重点保护鸟类50种(16.1%), 中国特有鸟类15种(4.8%)。研究发现, 常绿-落叶阔叶混交林及灌丛中的鸟类物种最多, 而常绿针叶林和竹林中的鸟类物种最少。都江堰地区鸟类群落丰富度的峰值出现在1,580-1,890 m海拔段, 在1,890-2,200 m海拔段最低, 呈现出单峰分布格局。作为生物多样性热点地区和旅游热点地区, 都江堰今后应避免发展大规模单一的人工经济林, 以更好地维系该地区丰富的鸟类多样性, 并加强对该地区生物多样性的监测、研究和保护。
张尚明玉, 何兴成, 王燕, 王贝爻, 何倩芸, 张怡田, 王彬, 张凯, 胡力, 尚涛, 朱敏, 吴永杰 (2022) 都江堰地区繁殖期鸟类多样性. 生物多样性, 30, 21329. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021329.
Shangmingyu Zhang, Xingcheng He, Yan Wang, Beiyao Wang, Qianyun He, Yitian Zhang, Bin Wang, Kai Zhang, Li Hu, Tao Shang, Min Zhu, Yongjie Wu (2022) Diversity of birds in breeding season of Dujiangyan. Biodiversity Science, 30, 21329. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021329.
序号 Serial number | 生境类型 Habitat types | 物种数 No. of species | 物种数占比 Percentage (%) | 个体数 Individuals |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 常绿-落叶阔叶混交林 Evergreen and deciduous mixed broad-leaved forest | 65 | 46.10 | 442 |
2 | 灌丛 Shrub | 59 | 41.84 | 533 |
3 | 成熟人工林 Mature plantation | 56 | 39.72 | 374 |
4 | 农田 Farmland | 45 | 31.91 | 472 |
5 | 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest | 44 | 31.21 | 316 |
6 | 针阔叶混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 44 | 31.21 | 263 |
7 | 水域 Waters | 43 | 30.50 | 302 |
8 | 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest | 42 | 29.79 | 133 |
9 | 居民点 Residential points | 33 | 23.40 | 289 |
10 | 竹林 Bamboo forest | 19 | 13.48 | 50 |
11 | 常绿针叶林 Evergreen coniferous forest | 13 | 9.22 | 28 |
表1 都江堰地区各生境鸟类的物种数及占所有鸟类的比例
Table 1 Number of species and the proportion in each habitat at Dujiangyan
序号 Serial number | 生境类型 Habitat types | 物种数 No. of species | 物种数占比 Percentage (%) | 个体数 Individuals |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 常绿-落叶阔叶混交林 Evergreen and deciduous mixed broad-leaved forest | 65 | 46.10 | 442 |
2 | 灌丛 Shrub | 59 | 41.84 | 533 |
3 | 成熟人工林 Mature plantation | 56 | 39.72 | 374 |
4 | 农田 Farmland | 45 | 31.91 | 472 |
5 | 常绿阔叶林 Evergreen broad-leaved forest | 44 | 31.21 | 316 |
6 | 针阔叶混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest | 44 | 31.21 | 263 |
7 | 水域 Waters | 43 | 30.50 | 302 |
8 | 落叶阔叶林 Deciduous broad-leaved forest | 42 | 29.79 | 133 |
9 | 居民点 Residential points | 33 | 23.40 | 289 |
10 | 竹林 Bamboo forest | 19 | 13.48 | 50 |
11 | 常绿针叶林 Evergreen coniferous forest | 13 | 9.22 | 28 |
生境类型 Habitat types | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 33 | 42 | 25 | 33 | 27 | 21 | 25 | 22 | 15 | 11 | |
2 | 0.36 | 33 | 25 | 25 | 20 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 8 | |
3 | 0.53 | 0.40 | 24 | 30 | 21 | 20 | 26 | 21 | 13 | 9 | |
4 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 24 | 14 | 28 | 18 | 26 | 10 | 6 | |
5 | 0.43 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 20 | 19 | 23 | 23 | 11 | 10 | |
6 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.29 | 10 | 21 | 11 | 12 | 9 | |
7 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.47 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 11 | 24 | 9 | 5 | |
8 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.32 | 0.15 | 15 | 11 | 10 | |
9 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.50 | 0.43 | 0.17 | 0.46 | 0.25 | 10 | 6 | |
10 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 5 | |
11 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.19 |
表2 都江堰地区不同生境鸟类群落的相似性指数(对角线下)和共同鸟种数(对角线上)
Table 2 Jaccard similarity index (below the diagonal) and the number of common species (above the diagonal) of different habitats in Dujiangyan
生境类型 Habitat types | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 33 | 42 | 25 | 33 | 27 | 21 | 25 | 22 | 15 | 11 | |
2 | 0.36 | 33 | 25 | 25 | 20 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 14 | 8 | |
3 | 0.53 | 0.40 | 24 | 30 | 21 | 20 | 26 | 21 | 13 | 9 | |
4 | 0.29 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 24 | 14 | 28 | 18 | 26 | 10 | 6 | |
5 | 0.43 | 0.32 | 0.43 | 0.37 | 20 | 19 | 23 | 23 | 11 | 10 | |
6 | 0.33 | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.29 | 10 | 21 | 11 | 12 | 9 | |
7 | 0.24 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.47 | 0.28 | 0.13 | 11 | 24 | 9 | 5 | |
8 | 0.30 | 0.23 | 0.36 | 0.26 | 0.37 | 0.32 | 0.15 | 15 | 11 | 10 | |
9 | 0.29 | 0.26 | 0.31 | 0.50 | 0.43 | 0.17 | 0.46 | 0.25 | 10 | 6 | |
10 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.21 | 0.24 | 0.17 | 0.22 | 0.24 | 5 | |
11 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.22 | 0.15 | 0.19 |
季节 Season | 物种数 No. of species | 个体数 Individuals | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index |
---|---|---|---|---|
繁殖前期 Early breeding period | 85 | 1,149 | 3.62 | 0.51 |
繁殖期 Breeding period | 108 | 1,793 | 3.93 | 0.52 |
繁殖后期 Late breeding period | 57 | 494 | 3.44 | 0.55 |
表3 都江堰地区不同季节鸟类群落多样性指数
Table 3 Bird community structure index of different seasons in Dujiangyan
季节 Season | 物种数 No. of species | 个体数 Individuals | Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index | Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index |
---|---|---|---|---|
繁殖前期 Early breeding period | 85 | 1,149 | 3.62 | 0.51 |
繁殖期 Breeding period | 108 | 1,793 | 3.93 | 0.52 |
繁殖后期 Late breeding period | 57 | 494 | 3.44 | 0.55 |
海拔带 Elevation bands | 实际丰富度 Observed richness | 非参数估计丰富度Chao 2 Non-parametric estimated richness Chao 2 | 非参数估计丰富度Jackknife 2 Non-parametric estimated richness Jackknife 2 | 插值丰富度 Interpolated richness |
---|---|---|---|---|
650-960 m | 92 | 96.37 | 85.90 | 92 |
960-1,270 m | 77 | 81.37 | 70.90 | 89 |
1,270-1,580 m | 68 | 73.37 | 62.90 | 69 |
1,580-1,890 m | 110 | 114.37 | 103.90 | 110 |
1,890-2,200 m | 49 | 53.37 | 42.90 | 59 |
表4 各海拔段实际物种丰富度、非参数估计丰富度和插值物种丰富度
Table 4 Observed, non-parametric estimated and interpolated species richness in each sampling band
海拔带 Elevation bands | 实际丰富度 Observed richness | 非参数估计丰富度Chao 2 Non-parametric estimated richness Chao 2 | 非参数估计丰富度Jackknife 2 Non-parametric estimated richness Jackknife 2 | 插值丰富度 Interpolated richness |
---|---|---|---|---|
650-960 m | 92 | 96.37 | 85.90 | 92 |
960-1,270 m | 77 | 81.37 | 70.90 | 89 |
1,270-1,580 m | 68 | 73.37 | 62.90 | 69 |
1,580-1,890 m | 110 | 114.37 | 103.90 | 110 |
1,890-2,200 m | 49 | 53.37 | 42.90 | 59 |
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