未来气候变化对不同国家茶适宜分布区的影响

doi:10.17520/biods.2019085

生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 595-606. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019085

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

未来气候变化对不同国家茶适宜分布区的影响

张晓玲^1,²,李亦超²,王芸芸²,蔡宏宇²,曾辉^1,^*(),王志恒^2,^*()

1 北京大学城市规划与设计学院, 北京大学深圳研究生院, 广东深圳 518055
2 北京大学城市与环境学院生态学系, 北京大学生态研究中心, 北京大学地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2019-03-18 接受日期:2019-05-06 出版日期:2019-06-20 发布日期:2019-06-20
通讯作者: 曾辉,王志恒
基金资助:
科技部重点研发计划(2017YFA0605101);国家自然科学基金(31522012);国家自然科学基金(31470564);国家自然科学基金(31621091)

Influence of future climate change in suitable habitats of tea in different countries

Zhang Xiaoling^1,²,Li Yichao²,Wang Yunyun²,Cai Hongyu²,Zeng Hui^1,^*(),Wang Zhiheng^2,^*()

1 School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055
2 Institute of Ecology and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871

Received:2019-03-18 Accepted:2019-05-06 Online:2019-06-20 Published:2019-06-20
Contact: Zeng Hui,Wang Zhiheng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

茶是对气候变化敏感的重要经济作物, 评价全球气候变化对茶分布和生产的影响对相关国家经济发展和茶农的生计至关重要。本研究基于全球858个茶分布点和6个气候因子数据, 利用物种分布模型预测全球茶的潜在适宜分布区及其在2070年的不同温室气体排放情景(RCP2.6和RCP8.5)下的变化。结果表明: 当前茶在五大洲均有适宜分布区, 主要集中在亚洲、非洲和南美洲, 并且最冷季平均温和最暖季降水量主导了茶的分布。预计2070年, 茶的适宜分布区变化在不同的大洲、国家和气候情景间将存在差异。具体来说, 茶的适宜分布区总面积将会减少, 减少的区域主要位于低纬度地区, 而中高纬度地区的适宜分布区将扩张, 由此可能导致茶的适宜分布区向北移动; 重要的产茶国中, 阿根廷、缅甸、越南等茶适宜分布区面积会减少57.8%-95.8%, 而中国和日本的适宜分布面积则会增加2.7%-31.5%。未来全球新增的适宜分布区中, 约有68%的地区土地覆盖类型为自然植被, 因此可能导致新茶树种植园的开垦和自然植被及生物多样性保护产生冲突。

关键词: 气候变化, 茶树种植, 物种分布模型, 生物多样性保护, 土地覆盖

Abstract

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is an important crop and is sensitive to climate change. Evaluating the impact of climate change on tea distribution and production is not only important for the global economy but also the livelihoods of farmers in many countries. Here we compiled data from 858 global occurrences of C. sinensis and six climatic variables, and used species distribution model (SDM) to predict the current potential distribution and possible range shifts in response to climate change in 2070 under Representative Concentration Pathway 2.6 and 8.5 (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). The results indicate that the current potential distribution of tea is mainly confined to Asia, Africa and South America, and distribution is limited by mean temperature of coldest quarter (MTCQ) and precipitation of warmest quarter (PWQ). Under future climate change scenarios, by 2070 suitable habitat for tea could significantly shrink at low latitudes, but expand at middle latitudes, leading to a northward shift of the distribution. However, the influence of future climate change on tea distribution differed across regions. The climatically suitable areas in Argentina, Myanmar, and Vietnam are projected to decrease by 57.8%-95.8%, whereas those in China and Japan are projected to increase by 2.7%-31.5%. Moreover, 68% of the new suitable habitat for tea cultivation under future climate change are predicted to lie within areas of natural vegetation cover. Therefore, the establishment of new tea gardens in these areas may lead to conflicts between tea cultivation and conservation of natural vegetation and biodiversity.

Key words: climate change, tea plantation, species distribution model, biodiversity conservation, land cover

张晓玲, 李亦超, 王芸芸, 蔡宏宇, 曾辉, 王志恒 (2019) 未来气候变化对不同国家茶适宜分布区的影响. 生物多样性, 27, 595-606. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019085.

Zhang Xiaoling, Li Yichao, Wang Yunyun, Cai Hongyu, Zeng Hui, Wang Zhiheng (2019) Influence of future climate change in suitable habitats of tea in different countries. Biodiversity Science, 27, 595-606. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019085.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019085

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2019/V27/I6/595

图/表 8

参考文献 53

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环境变量 Environmental variables	平均重要性 Mean importance
最冷季平均温 Mean temperature of coldest quarter	0.36
最暖季降水量 Precipitation of warmest quarter	0.27
降水季节性 Precipitation seasonality	0.09
平均气温日较差 Mean diurnal temperature range	0.06
最暖月最高温 Max temperature of warmest month	0.04
最干月降水量 Precipitation of driest month	0.03
土壤酸碱度 Soil pH	0.00

环境变量 Environmental variables	平均重要性 Mean importance
最冷季平均温 Mean temperature of coldest quarter	0.36
最暖季降水量 Precipitation of warmest quarter	0.27
降水季节性 Precipitation seasonality	0.09
平均气温日较差 Mean diurnal temperature range	0.06
最暖月最高温 Max temperature of warmest month	0.04
最干月降水量 Precipitation of driest month	0.03
土壤酸碱度 Soil pH	0.00

气候情景 Scenarios	新增的分布区 Gain	丧失的分布区 Loss	适宜分布面积的净变化 Net changes in suitable area
RCP2.6	9.1	18.6	-9.5
RCP8.5	14.2	31.1	-16.9

气候情景 Scenarios	新增的分布区 Gain	丧失的分布区 Loss	适宜分布面积的净变化 Net changes in suitable area
RCP2.6	9.1	18.6	-9.5
RCP8.5	14.2	31.1	-16.9

国家 Countries	当前适宜分布区 Current suitable area (km²)	适宜分布面积变化 Changes in suitable area (km²)		适宜分布面积变化比例 Changes in suitable area (%)		产量 (2016年) Production (t)
国家 Countries	当前适宜分布区 Current suitable area (km²)	RCP2.6	RCP8.5	RCP2.6	RCP8.5	产量 (2016年) Production (t)
中国 China	2,607,924	69,384	135,088	2.7	5.2	2,414,802
印度 India	315,323	-9,241	-25,162	-2.9	-8.0	1,252,174
肯尼亚 Kenya	17,994	-4,470	-5,834	-24.8	-32.4	473,000
斯里兰卡 Sri Lanka	9,356	-232	-3,323	-2.5	-35.5	349,308
土耳其 Turkey	2,765	654	-1,619	23.7	-58.6	243,000
越南 Vietnam	75,599	-43,657	-55,005	-57.8	-72.8	240,000
印度尼西亚 Indonesia	260,214	-31,551	-94,931	-12.1	-36.5	144,015
缅甸 Myanmar	38,221	-28,938	-35,895	-75.7	-93.9	102,404
阿根廷 Argentina	32,876	-31,085	-31,503	-94.6	-95.8	89,609
日本 Japan	279,395	27,910	87,979	10.0	31.5	80,200

未来气候变化对不同国家茶适宜分布区的影响

Influence of future climate change in suitable habitats of tea in different countries

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土地覆盖类型 Land cover	新增适宜分布区的来源 Source of newly suitable areas (%)
土地覆盖类型 Land cover	RCP2.6	RCP8.5
森林 Forest	46.9	41.5
灌木 Shrub	5.4	8.0
草地 Grassland	15.9	19.4
耕地 Farmland	20.0	16.4
建设用地 Urban	0.5	0.3
其他 Others	11.2	14.4

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