不同取样强度下古田山木本植物幼苗组成 及其分布格局比较

doi:10.17520/biods.2015341

生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (10): 1093-1104. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015341

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

不同取样强度下古田山木本植物幼苗组成及其分布格局比较

郭印^1,², 王云泉^1,², 陈磊^2,^*(), 米湘成², 任海保², 陈声文³, 陈建华^1,^*()

1 浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院, 浙江金华 321004
2 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093
3 古田山国家级自然保护区管理局, 浙江开化 324300;

收稿日期:2015-12-03 接受日期:2016-10-19 出版日期:2016-10-20 发布日期:2016-11-10
通讯作者: 陈磊,陈建华
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(31270495)

Comparing tree seedling composition and distribution patterns under different sampling intensities in the 24 ha Gutianshan forest dynamics plot

Yin Guo^1,², Yunquan Wang^1,², Lei Chen^2,^*(), Xiangcheng Mi², Haibao Ren², Shengwen Chen³, Jianhua Chen^1,^*()

1 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004
2 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
3 Gutianshan National Nature Reserve Administrative Bureau, Kaihua, Zhejiang 324300

Received:2015-12-03 Accepted:2016-10-19 Online:2016-10-20 Published:2016-11-10
Contact: Chen Lei,Chen Jianhua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

幼苗阶段是森林群落更新的瓶颈, 研究木本植物幼苗组成和分布格局对正确认识森林群落构建以及多样性维持机制具有十分重要的意义。以往基于幼苗阶段的研究取样强度较小, 主要涉及常见种, 缺乏对稀有种的有效监测。我们对古田山24 ha森林样地幼苗监测网络进行了扩建, 在已有507个1 m × 1 m幼苗监测样方的基础上, 增设了285个5 m × 5 m幼苗样方, 对样方内所有高度≥ 10 cm且胸径< 1 cm的木本植物幼苗按大样地监测标准进行了定位、挂牌、鉴定和测量。本研究利用2012年5 m × 5 m幼苗监测样方的首次调查数据, 比较了24 ha大样地中不同取样强度下幼苗和非幼苗(胸径≥ 1 cm的木本植物)个体在物种组成、多样性分布格局以及生境偏好等方面的差异。结果表明: (1) 285个5 m × 5 m幼苗监测样方共计有木本植物幼苗138种20,581株, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数以及经多度校正的物种丰富度指数均显著高于1 m × 1 m幼苗监测样方以及24 ha大样地的非幼苗个体, 该结果与基于Rarefaction方法计算的物种数期望值结果一致; 与1 m × 1 m幼苗监测样方结果相比, 5 m × 5 m幼苗监测样方内物种数-取样面积曲线趋于饱和。(2) 5 m × 5 m幼苗监测样方幼苗与24 ha大样地非幼苗个体物种多度呈异速增长关系, 表明植物在幼苗阶段受到负密度制约效应的影响, 死亡率相对较高。(3)取样强度和胸径阈值的选取对群落稀有种的界定有重要影响, 朱砂根(Ardisia crenata)、山鸡椒(Litsea cubeba)、美丽胡枝子(Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. formosa)等物种在24 ha样地水平被认为是稀有种, 但是在5 m × 5 m幼苗样方却属于常见种。(4)指示种分析结果表明, 基于不同取样强度的幼苗生境指示种与基于大样地非幼苗个体的分析结果存在较大差异。在5 m × 5 m幼苗样方中, 13个物种与单一生境类型显著相关, 其中仅有3个物种与1 m × 1 m幼苗样方指示种相同, 与24 ha大样地非幼苗相比, 仅有2个共有指示种。总之, 不同取样强度可显著影响幼苗物种多样性格局的分析结果, 通过样方扩建对林下幼苗进行系统监测, 可进一步加深对群落生物多样性维持机制的认识。

关键词: 古田山, 木本植物幼苗, 取样强度, 稀有种, 物种多样性维持机制

Abstract

As the seedling stage is the bottleneck in forest tree regeneration, knowledge of the composition and structure of seedlings is crucial to understanding the mechanisms of community assemblage and diversity maintenance. However, based on the limited sampling intensity common in previous studies, seedling census datasets are representative of common species, but are ineffective for monitoring rare species. In this study, we established a new seedling monitoring network in the 24 ha Gutianshan (GTS) forest dynamics plot (FDP) consisting of 285 seedling plots (5 m × 5 m) in 2012. In the seedling pots, all woody plants (DBH < 1 cm and height ≥ 10 cm) were tagged, mapped and measured every two years. We used the first census data to investigate seedling composition, species diversity patterns, seedling, and non-seedling species habitat association. Our results showed that: (1) There were 138 species, consisting of a total of 20,581 individuals in 285 seedling plots of 5 m × 5 m. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Rarefied species richness were higher than those of the 1 m × 1 m seedling plots and 24 ha FDP census (DBH ≥ 1 cm). Similar results were found when using rarefaction approach. Compared with 1 m × 1 m seedling plots, the number of species showed a significant increase and the species-area curve became more asymptotic. (2) The relationship between seedling abundance and tree species exhibited negative allometry, suggesting that the mortality rate of plants in the seedling stage was relatively high compared with the rate found in the non-seedling stage due to the negative density dependence. (3) Sampling intensity and selection of DBH cutoffs influence the definition of rare species. Some rare species defined by trees with DBH ≥ 1 cm were not actually rare when individuals with DBH < 1 cm were considered (i.e. Ardisia crenata, Litsea cubeba, Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. formosa). (4) The indicator species of the 5 m × 5 m seedling plots were different from those found in the 24 ha FDP and the 1 m × 1 m seedling census. 13 species was significantly correlated with single habitat type in these 5 m × 5 m seedling plots, which shared only three species that identified as indicator species for 1 m × 1 m seedling plots and two species for non-seedling plots. In conclusion, sampling intensity influenced patterns of tree seedling composition and community diversity, and increasing sampling intensity can provide deeper insights into the processes of diversity maintenance.

Key words: Gutianshan (GTS), tree seedling, sampling intensity, rare species, mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity

郭印, 王云泉, 陈磊, 米湘成, 任海保, 陈声文, 陈建华 (2016) 不同取样强度下古田山木本植物幼苗组成及其分布格局比较. 生物多样性, 24, 1093-1104. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015341.

Yin Guo, Yunquan Wang, Lei Chen, Xiangcheng Mi, Haibao Ren, Shengwen Chen, Jianhua Chen (2016) Comparing tree seedling composition and distribution patterns under different sampling intensities in the 24 ha Gutianshan forest dynamics plot. Biodiversity Science, 24, 1093-1104. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015341.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015341

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I10/1093

图/表 8

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物种名 Species	科名 Family	个体数 No. of individuals	重要值 IV (%)	生活型 Life form
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	壳斗科 Fagaceae	4,110	24.85	常绿 Evergreen
拟赤杨 Alniphyllum fortunei	安息香科 Styracaceae	1,448	9.95	落叶 Deciduous
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum pentandrum	虎皮楠科 Daphniphyllaceae	949	7.67	常绿 Evergreen
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	桃金娘科 Myrtaceae	900	7.51	常绿 Evergreen
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis	樟科 Lauraceae	791	7.39	常绿 Evergreen
浙江红花油茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa	山茶科 Theaceae	783	7.25	常绿 Evergreen
柳叶蜡梅 Chimonanthus nitens	蜡梅科 Calycanthaceae	688	6.74	落叶 Deciduous
隔药柃 Eurya muricata	山茶科 Theaceae	625	6.04	常绿 Evergreen
毛花连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	山茶科 Theaceae	536	5.31	常绿 Evergreen
矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	虎耳草科 Saxifragaceae	583	4.80	常绿 Evergreen
石斑木 Rhaphiolepis indica	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	434	4.78	常绿 Evergreen
木荷 Schima superba	山茶科 Theaceae	545	4.76	常绿 Evergreen
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	428	4.47	常绿 Evergreen
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides	金缕梅科 Hamamelidaceae	627	4.42	常绿 Evergreen
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	樟科 Lauraceae	293	3.93	常绿 Evergreen
总计 Total	-	20,581	200.00	-

物种名 Species	科名 Family	个体数 No. of individuals	重要值 IV (%)	生活型 Life form
甜槠 Castanopsis eyrei	壳斗科 Fagaceae	4,110	24.85	常绿 Evergreen
拟赤杨 Alniphyllum fortunei	安息香科 Styracaceae	1,448	9.95	落叶 Deciduous
虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum pentandrum	虎皮楠科 Daphniphyllaceae	949	7.67	常绿 Evergreen
赤楠 Syzygium buxifolium	桃金娘科 Myrtaceae	900	7.51	常绿 Evergreen
浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis	樟科 Lauraceae	791	7.39	常绿 Evergreen
浙江红花油茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa	山茶科 Theaceae	783	7.25	常绿 Evergreen
柳叶蜡梅 Chimonanthus nitens	蜡梅科 Calycanthaceae	688	6.74	落叶 Deciduous
隔药柃 Eurya muricata	山茶科 Theaceae	625	6.04	常绿 Evergreen
毛花连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	山茶科 Theaceae	536	5.31	常绿 Evergreen
矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	虎耳草科 Saxifragaceae	583	4.80	常绿 Evergreen
石斑木 Rhaphiolepis indica	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	434	4.78	常绿 Evergreen
木荷 Schima superba	山茶科 Theaceae	545	4.76	常绿 Evergreen
马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	杜鹃花科 Ericaceae	428	4.47	常绿 Evergreen
杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides	金缕梅科 Hamamelidaceae	627	4.42	常绿 Evergreen
红楠 Machilus thunbergii	樟科 Lauraceae	293	3.93	常绿 Evergreen
总计 Total	-	20,581	200.00	-

类型 Type	物种数 No. of species	个体数 No. of individuals	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	抽样 Rarefraction (N = 1,000)	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
幼苗样方 seedling plots 1 m × 1 m幼苗样方 1 m × 1 m seedling plots	118	4,718	4.03	84.87	0.53
5 m × 5 m幼苗样方 5 m × 5 m seedling plots 非幼苗样方 Non-seedling plots	138	20,581	4.25	89.22	0.49
1 cm ≤ DBH < 2.5 cm	144	70,916	4.11	71.83	0.42
2.5 cm ≤ DBH < 7.5 cm	132	45,524	4.05	72.23	0.43
7.5 cm ≤ DBH < 22.5 cm	115	17,835	3.81	66.70	0.42
DBH ≥ 22.5 cm	63	6,425	2.63	35.65	0.33

类型 Type	物种数 No. of species	个体数 No. of individuals	Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	抽样 Rarefraction (N = 1,000)	Pielou均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index
幼苗样方 seedling plots 1 m × 1 m幼苗样方 1 m × 1 m seedling plots	118	4,718	4.03	84.87	0.53
5 m × 5 m幼苗样方 5 m × 5 m seedling plots 非幼苗样方 Non-seedling plots	138	20,581	4.25	89.22	0.49
1 cm ≤ DBH < 2.5 cm	144	70,916	4.11	71.83	0.42
2.5 cm ≤ DBH < 7.5 cm	132	45,524	4.05	72.23	0.43
7.5 cm ≤ DBH < 22.5 cm	115	17,835	3.81	66.70	0.42
DBH ≥ 22.5 cm	63	6,425	2.63	35.65	0.33

	低地山谷 Low valley	低地山脊	中位山坡	高地山脊	整个样地
	低地山谷 Low valley	Low ridge	Middle slope	High ridge	All types
样方数 No. of plots	127	122	14	22	285
幼苗数/样方数 No. of seedlings/No. of plots	83.74 ± 11.80	61.21 ± 9.69	95.92 ± 16.77	51.54 ± 8.03	72.21 ± 9.28
物种数/样方数 No. of species/No. of plots	22.22 ± 0.76	15.77 ± 0.73	24.71 ± 2.06	13.54 ± 1.04	18.92 ± 0.54
Shannon-Wiener指数/样方数 Shannon-Wiener index/ No. of plots	2.65 ± 0.03	2.05 ± 0.05	2.59 ± 0.09	1.96 ± 0.09	2.33 ± 0.33

不同取样强度下古田山木本植物幼苗组成及其分布格局比较

Comparing tree seedling composition and distribution patterns under different sampling intensities in the 24 ha Gutianshan forest dynamics plot

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生境类型	1 m × 1 m 幼苗样方	5 m × 5 m幼苗样方	24 ha样地(非幼苗样方)
Habitat type	1 m × 1m seedling plots	5 m × 5 m seedling plots	24 ha forest dynamics plot (non-seedling plots)
低地山谷 Low valley	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	虎皮楠 Daphniphyllum pentandrum	浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis
	杨梅叶蚊母树 Distylium myricoides	矩形叶鼠刺 Itea omeiensis	毛花连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna
	红楠 Machilus thunbergii	拟赤杨 Alniphyllum fortunei	–
	–	毛花连蕊茶 Camellia fraterna	–
	–	野漆树 Toxicodendron succedaneum	–
	–	浙江新木姜子 Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis	–
中位山坡 Middle slope	细叶青冈 Cyclobalanopsis gracilis	浙江红花油茶 Camellia chekiangoleosa	–
	红楠 Machilus thunbergii	灰白蜡瓣花 Corylopsis glandulifera	–
	–	马银花 Rhododendron ovatum	–
	–	北江荛花 Wikstroemia monnula	–
高位山坡 High slope	–	–	短柄枹 Quercus serrata
	–	–	毛果南烛 Lyonia ovalifolia var. hebecarpa
	–	–	满山红 Rhododendron mariesii
高地山脊 High ridge	木荷 Schima superba	木荷 Schima superba	化香 Platycarya strobilacea
	苦枥木 Fraxinus insularis	美丽胡枝子 Lespedeza thunbergii subsp. formosa	山橿 Lindera reflexa
	映山红 Rhododendron simsii	映山红 Rhododendron simsii	石灰花楸 Sorbus folgneri
	山橿 Lindera reflexa	–	山合欢 Albizia kalkora
	红楠 Machilus thunbergii	–	–

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不同取样强度下古田山木本植物幼苗组成 及其分布格局比较

Comparing tree seedling composition and distribution patterns under different sampling intensities in the 24 ha Gutianshan forest dynamics plot

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不同取样强度下古田山木本植物幼苗组成及其分布格局比较