台湾海峡游泳动物种类组成及其多样性

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09142

生物多样性 ›› 2012, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (1): 32-40. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09142

台湾海峡游泳动物种类组成及其多样性

宋普庆¹, 张静², 林龙山¹^,^*(), 许章程¹, 朱小明³

1 国家海洋局第三海洋研究所, 厦门 361005
2 集美大学水产学院, 厦门 361012
3 厦门大学海洋与环境学院, 厦门 361005

收稿日期:2011-08-15 接受日期:2011-11-01 出版日期:2012-01-20 发布日期:2012-02-14
通讯作者: 林龙山
作者简介:*E-mail: linlsh2005@126.com
基金资助:
国家海洋专项资助项目(908-02-01-02);国家海洋专项资助项目(908-02-04-01);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(海三科2010016)

Nekton species composition and biodiversity in Taiwan Strait

Puqing Song¹, Jing Zhang², Longshan Lin¹^,^*(), Zhangcheng Xu¹, Xiaoming Zhu³

1 Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, Fujian 361005
2 Fisheries College of Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361012
3 College of Oceanography and Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005

Received:2011-08-15 Accepted:2011-11-01 Online:2012-01-20 Published:2012-02-14
Contact: Longshan Lin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

根据2006-2007年在台湾海峡进行的四个季度航次定点底拖网调查资料, 分析了台湾海峡游泳动物的种类组成、数量分布、优势种和多样性等特征。结果表明, 调查海域共鉴定出游泳动物373种, 其中鱼类273种, 甲壳类81种, 头足类19种; 渔获物组成以鱼类为主, 占渔获物总重量的65.6%, 其次为甲壳类和头足类, 分别占21.1%和13.3%, 所有调查站位游泳动物的年平均生物量密度指数为24.91 kg/h, 主要优势种类为带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)、拥剑梭子蟹(Portunus haanii)、二长棘鲷(Parargyrops edita)、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、竹筴鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、火枪乌贼(Loligo beka)等。对多样性的分析显示, 台湾海峡游泳动物物种多样性指数(H′)变化范围为1.45-3.21, 平均为2.47, 其中秋季最高, 夏季最低, 且呈现南高北低的特点。与历史资料相比, 目前台湾海峡游泳动物种类数明显减少, 尤其是闽东和闽南—台湾浅滩海域表现最为突出; 优势种类个体呈现小型化和低龄化趋势, 表明台湾海峡游泳动物资源衰退明显。

关键词: 台湾海峡, 游泳动物, 优势种, 物种多样性

Abstract

Based on four bottom trawl surveys (2006-2007) in the Taiwan Strait, nekton species composition, biomass and density distribution, dominant species, and community characteristics were analyzed. We recorded 373 nektonic species including 273 fish species, 81 crustaceans and 19 cephalopods. The mean biomass density index of the study area was estimated to be 24.91 kg/h with fish species, crustacean species and cephalopod species accounting for 65.6%, 21.1% and 13.3% of the total, respectively. Dominant species included Trichiurus japonicus, Portunus haanii, Parargyrops edita, Harpadon nehereus, Trachurus japonicus and Loligo beka. Shannon-Wiener diversity indices (H') ranged from 1.45 to 3.21, with an average of 2.47 and were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer. Compared with historical data, nekton resources are obviously declining, with species richness decreasing especially in the Minnan-Taiwan Bank area. Dominant species also exhibited a preponderance of smaller size and age classes compared to historical data.

Key words: Taiwan Strait, nekton, dominant species, biodiversity

宋普庆, 张静, 林龙山, 许章程, 朱小明 (2012) 台湾海峡游泳动物种类组成及其多样性. 生物多样性, 20, 32-40. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09142.

Puqing Song, Jing Zhang, Longshan Lin, Zhangcheng Xu, Xiaoming Zhu (2012) Nekton species composition and biodiversity in Taiwan Strait. Biodiversity Science, 20, 32-40. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09142.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2012.09142

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2012/V20/I1/32

图/表 8

参考文献 23

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纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes	真鲨目 Carcharhiniformes	1	3	4
	鳐形目 Rajiformes	3	3	3
	鲼形目 Myliobatiformes	2	2	4
硬骨鱼纲 Osteichthyes	鼠鱚目 Gonorhynchiformes	1	1	1
	鲱形目 Clupeiformes	2	8	13
	灯笼鱼目 Myctophiformes	2	5	7
	鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	6	8	13
	鲇形目 Siluriformes	2	2	2
	颌针鱼目 Beloniformes	1	1	1
	鳕形目 Gadiformes	2	2	3
	月鱼目 Lampridiformes	1	1	1
	刺鱼目 Gasterosteiformes	3	4	6
	鲻形目 Mugiliformes	3	5	6
	鲈形目 Perciformes	40	76	125
	鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	7	22	30
	鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	4	21	42
	鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	3	7	9
	鮟鱇目 Lophiiformes	2	2	3
甲壳纲 Crustacea	十足目 Decapoda	19	32	74
	口足目 Stomatopoda	1	1	7
头足纲 Cephalopoda	枪形目 Teuthoidea	1	2	5
	乌贼目 Sepioidea	2	3	8
	八腕目 Octopoda	1	1	6

纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes	真鲨目 Carcharhiniformes	1	3	4
	鳐形目 Rajiformes	3	3	3
	鲼形目 Myliobatiformes	2	2	4
硬骨鱼纲 Osteichthyes	鼠鱚目 Gonorhynchiformes	1	1	1
	鲱形目 Clupeiformes	2	8	13
	灯笼鱼目 Myctophiformes	2	5	7
	鳗鲡目 Anguilliformes	6	8	13
	鲇形目 Siluriformes	2	2	2
	颌针鱼目 Beloniformes	1	1	1
	鳕形目 Gadiformes	2	2	3
	月鱼目 Lampridiformes	1	1	1
	刺鱼目 Gasterosteiformes	3	4	6
	鲻形目 Mugiliformes	3	5	6
	鲈形目 Perciformes	40	76	125
	鲉形目 Scorpaeniformes	7	22	30
	鲽形目 Pleuronectiformes	4	21	42
	鲀形目 Tetraodontiformes	3	7	9
	鮟鱇目 Lophiiformes	2	2	3
甲壳纲 Crustacea	十足目 Decapoda	19	32	74
	口足目 Stomatopoda	1	1	7
头足纲 Cephalopoda	枪形目 Teuthoidea	1	2	5
	乌贼目 Sepioidea	2	3	8
	八腕目 Octopoda	1	1	6

季节 Season	优势种 Dominant species
季节 Season	重量比例 Weight percent	尾数比例 Individual percent
春季 Spring	竹筴鱼 Trachurus japonicus (20.76%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (11.70%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (9.38%) 长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata (5.48%) 龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (4.34%) 条尾绯鲤 Upeneus bensasi (3.63%) 大头狗母鱼 Trachinocephalus myops (3.30%)	竹筴鱼 Trachurus japonicus (42.85%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (24.03%) 银光梭子蟹 Portunus argentatus (4.99%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (4.15%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (3.00%)
夏季 Summer	带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (19.35%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (11.27%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (6.67%) 大头狗母鱼 Trachinocephalus myops (4.53%) 金乌贼 Sepia esculenta (3.96%) 长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata (3.41%) 黄鲫 Setipinna taty (3.13%)	鹿斑鲾 Secuter ruconius (28.59%) 麦氏犀鳕 Bregmaceros macclellandii (14.28%) 四线天竺鲷 Apogon quadrifasciatus (4.78%) 粗纹鲾 Leiognathus lineolatus (4.24%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (4.24%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (3.58%)
秋季 Autumn	带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (6.93%) 小管枪乌贼 Loligo oshimai (6.11%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (5.82%) 龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (5.78%) 六指马鲅 Polydactylus sextarius (5.39%) 黄魟 Dasyatis bennetti (4.44%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (4.31%) 刺鲳 Psenopsis anomala (4.07%) 棕斑腹刺鲀 Gastrophysus spadiceus (3.91%) 白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus (3.35%)	银光梭子蟹 Portunus argentatus (16.88%) 七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum (10.96%) 矛形梭子蟹 Portunus hastatoides (9.05%) 小管枪乌贼 Loligo oshimai (6.31%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (6.03%) 鹰爪虾 Trachypenaeus curvirostris (5.56%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (5.42%)
冬季 Winter	龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (7.54%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (6.68%) 叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii (6.21%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (5.94%) 口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratoria (5.74%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (4.69%) 拟目乌贼 Sepia lycidas (3.74%) 湾鱼或 Wak Sinai (3.07%)	拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (11.93%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (7.98%) 中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis (7.51%) 口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratoria (6.39%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (5.87%) 鹰爪虾 Trachypenaeus curvirostris (4.36%) 哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii (3.86%) 叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii (3.01%)

季节 Season	优势种 Dominant species
季节 Season	重量比例 Weight percent	尾数比例 Individual percent
春季 Spring	竹筴鱼 Trachurus japonicus (20.76%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (11.70%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (9.38%) 长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata (5.48%) 龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (4.34%) 条尾绯鲤 Upeneus bensasi (3.63%) 大头狗母鱼 Trachinocephalus myops (3.30%)	竹筴鱼 Trachurus japonicus (42.85%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (24.03%) 银光梭子蟹 Portunus argentatus (4.99%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (4.15%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (3.00%)
夏季 Summer	带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (19.35%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (11.27%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (6.67%) 大头狗母鱼 Trachinocephalus myops (4.53%) 金乌贼 Sepia esculenta (3.96%) 长蛇鲻 Saurida elongata (3.41%) 黄鲫 Setipinna taty (3.13%)	鹿斑鲾 Secuter ruconius (28.59%) 麦氏犀鳕 Bregmaceros macclellandii (14.28%) 四线天竺鲷 Apogon quadrifasciatus (4.78%) 粗纹鲾 Leiognathus lineolatus (4.24%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (4.24%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (3.58%)
秋季 Autumn	带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (6.93%) 小管枪乌贼 Loligo oshimai (6.11%) 二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita (5.82%) 龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (5.78%) 六指马鲅 Polydactylus sextarius (5.39%) 黄魟 Dasyatis bennetti (4.44%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (4.31%) 刺鲳 Psenopsis anomala (4.07%) 棕斑腹刺鲀 Gastrophysus spadiceus (3.91%) 白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus (3.35%)	银光梭子蟹 Portunus argentatus (16.88%) 七星底灯鱼 Benthosema pterotum (10.96%) 矛形梭子蟹 Portunus hastatoides (9.05%) 小管枪乌贼 Loligo oshimai (6.31%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (6.03%) 鹰爪虾 Trachypenaeus curvirostris (5.56%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (5.42%)
冬季 Winter	龙头鱼 Harpadon nehereus (7.54%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (6.68%) 叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii (6.21%) 拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (5.94%) 口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratoria (5.74%) 带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus (4.69%) 拟目乌贼 Sepia lycidas (3.74%) 湾鱼或 Wak Sinai (3.07%)	拥剑梭子蟹 Portunus haanii (11.93%) 火枪乌贼 Loligo beka (7.98%) 中华管鞭虾 Solenocera crassicornis (7.51%) 口虾蛄 Oratosquilla oratoria (6.39%) 须赤虾 Metapenaeopsis barbata (5.87%) 鹰爪虾 Trachypenaeus curvirostris (4.36%) 哈氏仿对虾 Parapenaeopsis hardwickii (3.86%) 叫姑鱼 Johnius belengerii (3.01%)

断面 Section	多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′)		物种丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (D)		均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J′)
断面 Section	平均 Average	范围 Range	平均 Average	范围 Range	平均 Average	范围 Range
连江 Lianjiang	2.19±0.34	1.68-2.74	1.77±0.37	1.24-2.01	0.61±0.07	0.50-0.76
莆田 Putian	2.16±0.45	1.45-2.57	1.59±0.50	0.88-2.42	0.63±0.14	0.39-0.81
泉州 Quanzhou	2.66±0.31	1.92-2.96	2.46±0.72	1.55-3.60	0.68±0.07	0.57-0.75
厦门 Xiamen	2.49±0.32	1.61-2.85	2.09±0.35	1.47-2.67	0.67±0.10	0.38-0.79
东山 Dongshan	2.59±0.41	1.80-3.12	1.97±0.78	0.77-3.07	0.71±0.06	0.62-0.81
汕尾 Shanwei	2.61±0.37	1.73-3.21	2.09±0.63	1.27-3.03	0.70±0.09	0.50-0.82

台湾海峡游泳动物种类组成及其多样性

Nekton species composition and biodiversity in Taiwan Strait

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季节 Season	多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′)		物种丰富度指数 Margalef richness index (D)		均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J′)
季节 Season	平均 Average	范围 Range	平均 Average	范围 Range	平均 Average	范围 Range
春季 Spring	2.34±0.38	1.61-2.79	1.61±0.39	1.06-2.67	0.69±0.11	0.39-0.81
夏季 Summer	2.32±0.51	1.45-3.21	1.83±0.53	0.77-2.71	0.65±0.12	0.38-0.82
秋季 Autumn	2.64±0.30	2.19-3.11	2.52±0.62	1.69-3.60	0.66±0.05	0.60-0.77
冬季 Winter	2.58±0.31	1.92-2.99	2.11±0.56	1.09-3.07	0.69±0.08	0.52-0.80

区域 Region	调查时间 Investigation time	种类 Species	每小时渔获物重量CPUE(kg/h)	优势种 Dominant species
闽东 Eastern coast of Fujian	2006-2007	133	26.49	龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、尖嘴魟(Dasyatis zugei)、叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、黄鲫(Setipinna taty)
	2000-2001^*	239	15.81	棕斑腹刺鲀(Gastrophysus spadiceus)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、刺鲳(Psenopsis anomala)、白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)
	1989-1990^*	-	65.27	带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)、短尾大眼鲷(Priacanthus macracanthus)、竹筴鱼(Trachurus japonicus)
闽中 Central coast of Fujian	2006-2007	248	27.83	带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)、刺鲳(Psenopsis anomala)、灰鲳(Pampus cinereus)、叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、六指马鲅(Polydactylus sextarius)、小管枪乌贼(Loligo oshimai)、棕斑腹刺鲀(Gastrophysus spadiceus)、锈斑蟳(Charybdis feriatus)
	2000-2001^*	245	17.34	带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)、口虾蛄(Oratosquilla oratoria)、哈氏仿对虾(Parapenaeopsis hardwickii)、龙头鱼(Harpadon nehereus)、发光鲷(Acropoma japonicum)
	1982^*	-	42.24	白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)、带鱼(Trichiurus japonicus)、丁氏鱼或(Wak tingi)
闽南- 台湾浅滩 Southern Fujian and Taiwan bank	2006-2007	273	22.43	二长棘鲷(Parargyrops edita)、竹筴鱼(Trachurus japonicus)、长蛇鲻(Saurida elongata)、大头狗母鱼(Trachinocephalus myops)、绿布氏筋鱼(Bleekeria anguilliviridis)、拥剑梭子蟹(Portunus haanii)
	2000-2001^*	365	45.46	中国枪乌贼(Loligo chinensis)、拥剑梭子蟹(Portunus haanii)、大头狗母鱼(Trachinocephalus myops)、条尾绯鲤(Upeneus bensasi)
	1977^*	-	794.79	乔氏台雅鱼(Daya jordani)、二长棘鲷(Parargyrops edita)、金带细鲹(Selaroides leptolepis)、长蛇鲻(Saurida elongata)

种类 Species	年份 Year	长度范围 Range (mm)	优势体长组 Dominant range (mm)
带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus	2006-2007	45-460	200-240
	1994^*	107-532	211-260
	1976^*	118-669	231-270
二长棘鲷 Parargyrops edita	2006-2007	30-180	90-110
	1994^*	33-155	91-110
	1976^*	30-180	91-120
白姑鱼 Argyrosomus argentatus	2006-2007	45-202	110-130
	1994^*	65-216	111-150
	1982^*	67-258	121-150
条尾绯鲤 Upeneus bensasi	2006-2007	30-130	80-110
	1994^*	75-163	91-120
	1976^*	81-172	101-120

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