古田山常绿阔叶林凋落量时间动态及冰雪灾害的影响

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10237

生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 206-214. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10237

所属专题：中国的森林生物多样性监测

古田山常绿阔叶林凋落量时间动态及冰雪灾害的影响

张磊¹, 王晓荷², 米湘成³, 陈建华⁴, 于明坚¹^,^*()

1 (浙江大学生命科学学院濒危动植物保护生物学教育部重点实验室, 杭州 310058)
2 (德兴市林业局, 江西德兴 334200)
3 (中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室, 北京 100093)
4 (浙江师范大学化学与生命科学学院, 浙江金华 321004)

收稿日期:2010-09-27 接受日期:2010-11-13 出版日期:2011-03-20 发布日期:2011-06-01
通讯作者: 于明坚
作者简介:*E-mail: fishmj202@sohu.com
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-430);国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAC39B02)

Temporal dynamics of and effects of an ice storm on litter production in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve

Lei Zhang¹, Xiaohe Wang², Xiangcheng Mi³, Jianhua Chen⁴, Mingjian Yu¹^,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058
2 Dexing Forestry Bureau, Dexing, Jiangxi 334200
3 State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093
4 College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004

Received:2010-09-27 Accepted:2010-11-13 Online:2011-03-20 Published:2011-06-01
Contact: Mingjian Yu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2006年10月至2009年12月期间, 我们通过对古田山24 ha常绿阔叶林动态样地169个种子雨收集器的凋落物进行烘干、分类、称量和数据分析, 研究了凋落量的组成特征和时间动态, 以及受2008年2月特大冰雪灾害的影响。 2007年和2009年凋落量分别为532.05 g/m²和375.17 g/m², 年际变化显著, 这与2008年的冰雪灾害有关。2007年古田山常绿阔叶林各组分在凋落量中所占比例依次为: 叶(78.99%)>枝(14.69%)>皮(3.33%)>其他(2.99%); 叶凋落量中各组分所占比例依次为: 常绿阔叶树种叶(78.70%)>落叶阔叶树种叶(12.37%)>针叶树种叶(8.92%), 其中甜槠(Castanopsis eyrei)、木荷(Schima superba)、马尾松(Pinus massoniana)和短柄枹(Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata)4个优势种年凋落量合计占叶凋落总量的71.36%, 它们的动态直接影响着凋落总量的变化格局。凋落量高峰发生在春季(4月)和秋冬季(10月末至12月初), 其中总凋落量、叶凋落量动态呈双峰型, 枝条凋落量和树皮凋落量动态为不规则峰型, 其他凋落量动态为单峰型。冰雪灾害后总凋落量、叶凋落量、枝条凋落量显著减少(P<0.05), 其中甜槠、杨梅叶蚊母树(Distylium myricoides)叶凋落量显著减少(P<0.05)、木荷叶凋落量减少达到边缘显著水平(P<0.1), 这也反映了冰雪灾害期间森林群落的受损情况。其他凋落量(主要成分为虫粪)在4月份增加极其显著(P<0.01), 说明灾后植物的枝叶出现了补偿性生长。

关键词: 森林动态样地, 中亚热带, 凋落高峰, 冰雪灾害

Abstract

To study litter production, composition, temporal dynamics, and the effects of an ice storm on litter production in a 24-ha evergreen broad-leaved forest dynamic plot in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang, we set up 169 seed traps, and collected litterfall weekly from October 2006 to December 2009. Total annual litter production in 2007 and 2009 was 532.05 g/m² and 375.17 g/m², respectively. We attribute the remarkable drop in production due to an ice storm in February 2008. Leaves, twigs, bark and miscellaneous materials accounted for 79.0%, 14.7%, 3.3% and 3.0% of mass, respectively. The annual leaf litter production of four dominant tree species (Castanopsis eyrei, Schima superba, Pinus massoniana and Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata) contributed about 71.36% of the total leaf litter production in 2007. There were two litter fall peaks each year, one in spring (April) and the other in autumn to early winter (between late October and early December). Total litter production, leaf production and twig production decreased significantly after the ice storm (P<0.05), as did the annual leaf production of C. eyrei and Distylium myricoides (P<0.05) and S. superba (P<0.1). The production of miscellaneous materials mainly composed of insect dung increased (P<0.01) in April immediately following the ice storm, indicating that a compensating growth of branches and leaves was occurring in the damaged community.

Key words: forest dynamics plot, mid-subtropical, peak litter fall, ice storm

张磊, 王晓荷, 米湘成, 陈建华, 于明坚 (2011) 古田山常绿阔叶林凋落量时间动态及冰雪灾害的影响. 生物多样性, 19, 206-214. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10237.

Lei Zhang, Xiaohe Wang, Xiangcheng Mi, Jianhua Chen, Mingjian Yu (2011) Temporal dynamics of and effects of an ice storm on litter production in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 19, 206-214. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10237.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.10237

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I2/206

图/表 11

图1 在古田山24 ha样地内设置的169个种子雨收集器的位置图。纵、横向的刻度代表20 m×20 m样方。

Fig. 1 Location of 169 seed traps in the 24 ha forest dynamic plot in Gutianshan. The units of both axes are 20 m×20 m plots.

图2 2007年古田山常绿阔叶林不同物种的叶凋落量。 1: 甜槠; 2: 其他常绿树种; 3: 木荷; 4: 马尾松; 5: 其他落叶树种; 6: 短柄枹; 7: 马银花; 8: 杨梅叶蚊母树; 9: 浙江新木姜子; 10: 映山红。

Fig. 2 The species composition of leaf litter fall in the evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutianshan in 2007. 1, Castanopsis eyrei; 2, Other evergreen species; 3, Schima superba; 4, Pinus massoniana; 5, Other deciduous species; 6, Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata; 7, Rhododendron ovatum; 8, Distylium myricoides; 9, Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis; 10, Rhododendron simsii.

图3 2006年10月至2009年12月凋落量各组分(叶、枝条、树皮和其他凋落物)的时间动态

Fig. 3 Dynamics of all components of litter fall (leaves, twigs, bark and miscellaneous materials) from October 2006 to December 2009

图4 2006年10月至2009年12月各组分叶凋落量的时间动态。 1: 甜槠; 2: 其他常绿树种; 3: 木荷; 4: 马尾松; 5: 其他落叶树种; 6: 短柄枹; 7: 马银花; 8: 杨梅叶蚊母树; 9: 浙江新木姜子; 10: 映山红。

Fig. 4 Dynamics of 10 components of leaf litter production from October 2006 to December 2009. 1, Castanopsis eyrei; 2, Other evergreen species; 3, Schima superba; 4, Pinus massoniana; 5, Other deciduous species; 6, Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata; 7, Rhododendron ovatum; 8, Distylium myricoides; 9, Neolitsea aurata var. chekiangensis; 10, Rhododendron simsii.

图5 2008年2月冰雪灾害前后总凋落量和叶凋落量的对比及成对t检验。 1: 总体; 2: 叶; 3: 常绿阔叶叶; 4: 落叶阔叶叶; 5: 针叶叶;6: 枝条; 7: 树皮; 8: 其他。

Fig. 5 Comparison of total litter production and leaf litter production before and after the ice storm in February 2008. 1, Total; 2, Leaves; 3, Evergreen leaves; 4, Deciduous leaves; 5, Coniferous leaves; 6, Twigs; 7, Bark; 8, Miscellaneous.

表1 2008年2月冰雪灾害前后总凋落量各组分成对t检验

Table 1 Pairwise t test on the components of total litter production before and after the ice storm in February 2008

凋落量组分 Components	成对t值 Pairwise t	自由度 df	P值 P
总量 Total	2.56	11	0.03^*
叶 Leaves	2.16	11	0.05^*
枝条 Twigs	2.52	11	0.03^*
树皮 Bark	0.50	11	0.63
其他 Miscellaneous	0.08	11	0.94

表2 2008年2月冰雪灾害前后叶凋落量各组分成对t检验

Table 2 Pairwise t test on the components of leaf litter production before and after the ice storm in February 2008

叶组分 Components	成对t值 Pairwise t	自由度 df	P
叶 Leaves	2.16	11	0.05^*
常绿阔叶叶 Evergreen broad-leaved leaves	2.67	11	0.02^*
落叶阔叶叶 Deciduous broad-leaved leaves	0.64	11	0.54
针叶叶 Coniferous leaves	1.16	11	0.27

图6 2008年2月主要物种叶凋落量冰雪灾害前后对比。 1: 甜槠; 2: 木荷; 3: 马尾松; 4: 短柄枹; 5: 马银花; 6: 杨梅叶蚊母树; 7: 浙江新木姜子; 8: 映山红。

Fig. 6 Comparison of leaf litter production of key species before and after the ice storm in February 2008. 1, C. eyrei; 2, S. superba; 3, P. massoniana; 4, Q. serrata var. brevipetiolata; 5, R. ovatum; 6, D. myricoides; 7, N. aurata var. chekiangensis; 8, R. simsii.

表3 2008年2月冰雪灾害前后主要物种叶凋落量成对t检验

Table 3 Pairwise t test to leaf litter production of key species before and after the ice storm in February 2008

物种 Species	成对t值 Pairwise t	自由度 df	P值 P
木荷 S. superba	1.83	11	0.10
甜槠 C. eyrei	2.63	11	0.02^*
马银花 R. ovatum	0.61	11	0.55
杨梅叶蚊母树 D. myricoides	2.29	11	0.04^*
浙江新木姜子 N. aurata var. chekiangensis	0.79	11	0.45
短柄枹 Q. serrata var. brevipetiolata	0.50	11	0.63
映山红 R. simsii	0.68	11	0.51
马尾松 P. massoniana	1.16	11	0.27

图7 2008年2月冰雪灾害前后一年的各月凋落量对比及成对t检验

Fig. 7 Comparison and pairwise t test of monthly litter production before and after the ice storm in February 2008

表4 2008年2月冰雪灾害前后各月凋落量成对t检验

Table 4 Pairwise t test to monthly litter production before and after the ice storm in February 2008

月份 Month	成对t值 Pairwise t	自由度 df	P值 P
1	-0.72	13	0.48
2	-2.02	13	0.07
3	1.08	13	0.23
4	1.33	13	0.21
5	1.86	13	0.09
6	1.51	13	0.15
7	-1.07	13	0.31
8	2.62	13	0.02^*
9	2.33	13	0.04^*
10	2.43	13	0.03^*
11	2.49	13	0.03^*
12	0.20	13	0.84

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古田山常绿阔叶林凋落量时间动态及冰雪灾害的影响

Temporal dynamics of and effects of an ice storm on litter production in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in Gutianshan National Nature Reserve

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