甲藻分类历史沿革及中国近海部分甲藻分类地位修订

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09161

生物多样性 ›› 2013, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (1): 19-27. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09161

甲藻分类历史沿革及中国近海部分甲藻分类地位修订

马新^1,², 李瑞香^1,^2,^*(), 李艳^1,², 潘玉龙³

1 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所, 青岛 266061
2 海洋生态环境科学与工程国家海洋局重点实验室, 青岛 266061
3 国家海洋局北海分局, 青岛 266033

收稿日期:2012-08-14 接受日期:2012-11-05 出版日期:2013-01-20 发布日期:2013-02-04
通讯作者: 李瑞香
基金资助:
海洋公益性行业科研专项——我国海洋浮游生物分类鉴定技术及在生物多样性保护中的应用(201005015);科技部基础性工作——我国赤潮霉素、海洋浮游植物及海产品中有害微量元素检测与技术标准的研究(2008FY230600);国家重点基础研究发展计划——我国藻华灾害演变机制与生态安全(2010CB428701)

Historical development and some emendations of dinoflagellate taxonomy

Xin Ma^1,², Ruixiang Li^1,^2,^*(), Yan Li^1,², Yulong Pan³

1 First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061
2 Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering for Marine Ecology, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266061
3 North China Sea Branch of the State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao 266033

Received:2012-08-14 Accepted:2012-11-05 Online:2013-01-20 Published:2013-02-04
Contact: Li Ruixiang

1. 附录I 中国海域甲藻种名录 .pdf(667KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甲藻自发现至今已有200多年的历史。一方面, 甲藻的分类地位越来越受到学者的重视; 另一方面, 随着研究的深入, 出现了越来越多的争议和困惑, 在一定程度上阻碍了甲藻分类学的发展。本文简述了国内外甲藻分类研究的历史沿革, 主要介绍了几次较大的分类地位的变革。另外, 目前中国近海甲藻的分类体系与国际上通用的分类体系还有很多差异, 为了更好地促进国内甲藻的分类学研究, 方便国际间的合作与交流, 我们对国际国内的甲藻分类体系(分别以algaeBASE数据库和《中国海洋生物名录》为代表)进行比较, 发现目水平上的分类体系基本相同, 但在科、属的划分上有很多差异。针对这些差异点查阅文献, 寻根溯源, 最终提出了一个较为合理的划分。本文所作的主要调整有: 将凯伦藻属(Karenia)、卡罗藻属(Karlodinium)和塔卡藻属(Takayama)3个属从裸甲藻科(Gymnodiniaceae)中分出, 单独成凯伦藻科(Kareniaceae); 角藻属(Ceratium)中的大部分海洋种改为新角藻属(Neoceratium); 亚历山大藻属(Alexandrium)从屋甲藻科(Goniodomataceae)中分出, 归入膝沟藻科(Gonyaulacaceae); 取消异沟藻科(Heteraulacus), 由屋甲藻科取而代之; 成立2个新目, 即尖尾藻目(Oxyrrhinales)和梨甲藻目(Pyrocystales)。

关键词: 甲藻, 分类, Neoceratium, Alexandrium, Kareniaceae, Oxyrrhinales, Pyrocystales

Abstract

The historical development of dinoflagellate taxonomy in China and the world are reviewed, and the taxonomic status of some dinoflagellate groups in Chinese coastal seas are emended. It has been more than 200 years since the discovery of dinoflagellates, but following intensive study, increasing confusion and controversy in dinofalgellate taxonomy has become apparent. In this paper, a broad overview of the history of dinoflagellate taxonomy is presented, highlighting some major developments. Differences exist between the international and Chinese taxonomy system. When comparing the internationally accepted system (based on the information provided by the website algaeBASE) with that used in China (based on the monograph Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas), we found that they were very similar at the order level, but some differences existed at the family and genus levels. According to morphological and some physiological characteristics, a more reasonable taxonomy is presented. The main emendations are: (1) the three genera named Karenia, Karlodinium and Takayama, are separated from the family Gymnodiniaceae and classified as a new family Kareniaceae; (2) most species in the genus Ceratium are placed in Neoceratium; (3) the genus Alexandrium is separated from family Goniodomataceae, and placed in the family Gonyaulacaceae; (4) the family Heteraulacaceae is replaced by the family Goniodomataceae; and (5) two new orders, Oxyrrhinales and Pyrocystales, are established.

Key words: dinoflagellate, classification, Alexandrium, Kareniaceae, Oxyrrhinales, Pyrocystales

马新, 李瑞香, 李艳, 潘玉龙 (2013) 甲藻分类历史沿革及中国近海部分甲藻分类地位修订. 生物多样性, 21, 19-27. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09161.

Xin Ma,Ruixiang Li,Yan Li,Yulong Pan (2013) Historical development and some emendations of dinoflagellate taxonomy. Biodiversity Science, 21, 19-27. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09161.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.09161

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2013/V21/I1/19

图/表 2

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有争议的种、属、科 Controversial taxon	algaeBASE中的分类归属 Classification in algaeBASE	《中国海洋生物名录》中的分类归属 Classification in Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas	建议分类 Suggested classification
塔卡藻属、卡罗藻属、凯伦藻属 Takayama, Karlodinium, Karenia	裸甲藻目凯伦藻科 Kareniaceae, Gymnodiniales	裸甲藻目裸甲藻科 Gymnodiniaceae, Gymnodiniales	裸甲藻目凯伦藻科 Kareniaceae, Gymnodiniales
海洋中的角藻 Ceratium in seas	膝沟藻目角藻科新角藻属 Neoeratium, Ceratiaceae, Gonyaulacales	膝沟藻目角藻科角藻属 Ceratium, Ceratiaceae, Gonyaulacales	膝沟藻目角藻科新角藻属 Neoeratium, Ceratiaceae, Gonyaulacales
亚历山大藻属 Alexandrium	膝沟藻目膝沟藻科 Gonyaulacaceae, Gonyaulacales	膝沟藻目屋甲藻科 Goniodomataceae, Gonyaulacales	膝沟藻目膝沟藻科 Gonyaulacaceae, Gonyaulacales
多面异沟藻 Heteraulacus polyedricus	屋甲藻科屋甲藻属 Goniodoma, Goniodomataceae	异沟藻科异沟藻属 Heteraulacus, Heteraulacaceae	多面屋甲藻 Goniodoma polyedricum
尖甲藻科 Oxytoxaceae	多甲藻目 Peridiniales	膝沟藻目 Gymnodiniales	膝沟藻目 Gymnodiniales
海洋尖尾藻 Oxyrrhis marina	尖尾藻目尖尾藻科尖尾藻属 Oxyrrhis, Oxyrrhinaceae, Oxyrrhinales	无该种记录 No record	尖尾藻目尖尾藻科尖尾藻属 Oxyrrhis, Oxyrrhinaceae, Oxyrrhinales
梨甲藻科 Pyrocystaceae	梨甲藻目 Pyrocystales	膝沟藻目 Gymnodiniales	梨甲藻目 Pyrocystales

有争议的种、属、科 Controversial taxon	algaeBASE中的分类归属 Classification in algaeBASE	《中国海洋生物名录》中的分类归属 Classification in Checklist of Marine Biota of China Seas	建议分类 Suggested classification
塔卡藻属、卡罗藻属、凯伦藻属 Takayama, Karlodinium, Karenia	裸甲藻目凯伦藻科 Kareniaceae, Gymnodiniales	裸甲藻目裸甲藻科 Gymnodiniaceae, Gymnodiniales	裸甲藻目凯伦藻科 Kareniaceae, Gymnodiniales
海洋中的角藻 Ceratium in seas	膝沟藻目角藻科新角藻属 Neoeratium, Ceratiaceae, Gonyaulacales	膝沟藻目角藻科角藻属 Ceratium, Ceratiaceae, Gonyaulacales	膝沟藻目角藻科新角藻属 Neoeratium, Ceratiaceae, Gonyaulacales
亚历山大藻属 Alexandrium	膝沟藻目膝沟藻科 Gonyaulacaceae, Gonyaulacales	膝沟藻目屋甲藻科 Goniodomataceae, Gonyaulacales	膝沟藻目膝沟藻科 Gonyaulacaceae, Gonyaulacales
多面异沟藻 Heteraulacus polyedricus	屋甲藻科屋甲藻属 Goniodoma, Goniodomataceae	异沟藻科异沟藻属 Heteraulacus, Heteraulacaceae	多面屋甲藻 Goniodoma polyedricum
尖甲藻科 Oxytoxaceae	多甲藻目 Peridiniales	膝沟藻目 Gymnodiniales	膝沟藻目 Gymnodiniales
海洋尖尾藻 Oxyrrhis marina	尖尾藻目尖尾藻科尖尾藻属 Oxyrrhis, Oxyrrhinaceae, Oxyrrhinales	无该种记录 No record	尖尾藻目尖尾藻科尖尾藻属 Oxyrrhis, Oxyrrhinaceae, Oxyrrhinales
梨甲藻科 Pyrocystaceae	梨甲藻目 Pyrocystales	膝沟藻目 Gymnodiniales	梨甲藻目 Pyrocystales

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甲藻分类历史沿革及中国近海部分甲藻分类地位修订

Historical development and some emendations of dinoflagellate taxonomy

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学名 Latin name	中文译名 Chinese name
Prorocentrales Lemmermann, 1910 原甲藻目
Prorocentraceae Ehrenberg, 1983 原甲藻科
Mesoporo Lillick, 1937 中孔藻属
Mesoporo perforatus (Gran) lillick, 1937	穿透中孔藻
Prorocentrum Ehrenberg, 1883 原甲藻属
Prorocentrum balticum (Lohmann) Loeblich III, 1970	波罗的海原甲藻
Prorocentrum cordatum (Ostenfeld) Dodge, 1975	心形原甲藻
Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu, 2001	东海原甲藻
Prorocentrum gracile Schutt, 1895	细长原甲藻
Prorocentrum lenticulatum (Matz) Taylor, 1976	扁豆原甲藻
Prorocentrum magnum (Gaarder) Dodge, 1975	大形原甲藻
Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg, 1833	海洋原甲藻
Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge, 1975	利马原甲藻
Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller, 1931	微小原甲藻
Prorocentrum oblongum (Schiller) Abe, 1973	椭圆原甲藻
Prorocentrum sigmoides Böhm, 1933	反曲原甲藻
Prorocentrum triestinum Schiller, 1918	三叶原甲藻
Dinophysiales Lindemann, 1928 鳍藻目
Amphisoleniaceae Lindemann, 1928 双管藻科
Amphisolenia Stein, 1883 双管藻属
Amphisolenia asymmetric Kofoid, 1907	歪突双管藻
Amphisolenia bidentata Schröder, 1900	二齿双管藻
Amphisolenia extensa Kofoid, 1907	细长双管藻
Amphisolenia globifera Steom, 1883	球形双管藻
Amphisolenia palaeotheroides Kofoid, 1907	古生双管藻
Amphisolenia rectangulata Kofoid, 1907	矩形双管藻
Amphisolenia schauinslandii Lammermann, 1899	四齿双管藻
Amphisolenia schroederi Kofoid, 1907	锥形双管藻
Amphisolenia spinulosa Kofoid, 1907	微刺双管藻
Amphisolenia thrinax Schütt, 1893	三叉双管藻
Triposolenia Kofoid, 1906 三管藻属
Triposolenia bicornis Kofoid	双角三管藻
Triposolenia intermedia Kofoid & Skogsber, 1928	中型三管藻
Dinophysiaceae Stein, 1883 鳍藻科
Dinophysis Ehrenberg, 1839 鳍藻属
Dinophysis acuminata Claparede & Lachmann, 1859	渐尖鳍藻
Dinophysis argus (Stein) Abé	光亮鳍藻
Dinophysis caudata Saville-Ken, 1881	具尾鳍藻
Dinophysis caudata var. abbreviata Jorgensen, 1920	具尾鳍藻短齿变种
Dinophysis caudata var. digensis (Kofoid) Wood, 2006	具尾鳍藻迪奇变种

学名 Latin name	中文译名 Chinese name
Prorocentrales Lemmermann, 1910 原甲藻目
Prorocentraceae Ehrenberg, 1983 原甲藻科
Mesoporo Lillick, 1937 中孔藻属
Mesoporo perforatus (Gran) lillick, 1937	穿透中孔藻
Prorocentrum Ehrenberg, 1883 原甲藻属
Prorocentrum balticum (Lohmann) Loeblich III, 1970	波罗的海原甲藻
Prorocentrum cordatum (Ostenfeld) Dodge, 1975	心形原甲藻
Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu, 2001	东海原甲藻
Prorocentrum gracile Schutt, 1895	细长原甲藻
Prorocentrum lenticulatum (Matz) Taylor, 1976	扁豆原甲藻
Prorocentrum magnum (Gaarder) Dodge, 1975	大形原甲藻
Prorocentrum micans Ehrenberg, 1833	海洋原甲藻
Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge, 1975	利马原甲藻
Prorocentrum minimum (Pavillard) Schiller, 1931	微小原甲藻
Prorocentrum oblongum (Schiller) Abe, 1973	椭圆原甲藻
Prorocentrum sigmoides Böhm, 1933	反曲原甲藻
Prorocentrum triestinum Schiller, 1918	三叶原甲藻
Dinophysiales Lindemann, 1928 鳍藻目
Amphisoleniaceae Lindemann, 1928 双管藻科
Amphisolenia Stein, 1883 双管藻属
Amphisolenia asymmetric Kofoid, 1907	歪突双管藻
Amphisolenia bidentata Schröder, 1900	二齿双管藻
Amphisolenia extensa Kofoid, 1907	细长双管藻
Amphisolenia globifera Steom, 1883	球形双管藻
Amphisolenia palaeotheroides Kofoid, 1907	古生双管藻
Amphisolenia rectangulata Kofoid, 1907	矩形双管藻
Amphisolenia schauinslandii Lammermann, 1899	四齿双管藻
Amphisolenia schroederi Kofoid, 1907	锥形双管藻
Amphisolenia spinulosa Kofoid, 1907	微刺双管藻
Amphisolenia thrinax Schütt, 1893	三叉双管藻
Triposolenia Kofoid, 1906 三管藻属
Triposolenia bicornis Kofoid	双角三管藻
Triposolenia intermedia Kofoid & Skogsber, 1928	中型三管藻
Dinophysiaceae Stein, 1883 鳍藻科
Dinophysis Ehrenberg, 1839 鳍藻属
Dinophysis acuminata Claparede & Lachmann, 1859	渐尖鳍藻
Dinophysis argus (Stein) Abé	光亮鳍藻
Dinophysis caudata Saville-Ken, 1881	具尾鳍藻
Dinophysis caudata var. abbreviata Jorgensen, 1920	具尾鳍藻短齿变种
Dinophysis caudata var. digensis (Kofoid) Wood, 2006	具尾鳍藻迪奇变种