哀牢山常绿阔叶林乔木树种的幼苗组成及时空分布特征

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07010

生物多样性 ›› 2011, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (2): 151-157. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07010

所属专题：中国的森林生物多样性监测

哀牢山常绿阔叶林乔木树种的幼苗组成及时空分布特征

巩合德¹^,², 杨国平¹, 鲁志云¹, 刘玉洪¹, 曹敏¹^,^*()

1 (中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园, 热带森林生态学重点实验室, 云南勐腊 666303)
2 (中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049)

收稿日期:2011-01-16 接受日期:2011-03-20 出版日期:2011-03-20 发布日期:2011-06-01
通讯作者: 曹敏
作者简介:*E-mail: caom@xtbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院创新项目“哀牢山亚热带森林生态系统研究站强化建设项目”;云南省科技计划项目(2010CD111)

Composition and spatio-temporal distribution of tree seedlings in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan

Hede Gong¹^,², Guoping Yang¹, Zhiyun Lu¹, Yuhong Liu¹, Min Cao¹^,^*()

1 Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303
2 Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2011-01-16 Accepted:2011-03-20 Online:2011-03-20 Published:2011-06-01
Contact: Min Cao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

哀牢山自然保护区的常绿阔叶林面积达到504 km², 是我国亚热带常绿阔叶林保存面积最大的保护区之一。2008年, 中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园在哀牢山自然保护区的中山湿性常绿阔叶林核心区建立了一块6 ha的森林动态监测样地。为了了解哀牢山中山湿性常绿阔叶林树种幼苗组成和分布特征及其存活和死亡的规律, 对样地中的幼苗分别进行了定位监测和动态研究。结果表明, 重要值居前10位的林下幼苗中, 有5种是重要值居前10位的树种。从雨季末期到旱季末期, 幼苗的数量和种类都大量减少, 原因可能是由于干旱胁迫的影响。在林窗中央和林窗边缘, 新增的幼苗数量和种类都较多, 死亡率较低, 而林冠下新增的幼苗死亡率较高。可见, 林窗的出现可能更有利于某些树种幼苗的定居, 从而维持了森林树种的多样性。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 林窗, 存活, 更新

Abstract

Ailao Mountain National Nature Reserve covers 504 km² and is one of the largest tracts of evergreen broad-leaved forests in China. A 6-ha plot was established in the reserve in 2008 by Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, for the purpose of monitoring long-term dynamics of the forest. Tree seedlings were sampled in this plot to understand their composition and spatio-temporal distribution. Five of the top 10 seedling species in terms of importance values were the same as 5 of the top 10 adult tree species with the highest importance values. Both abundance and species richness of tree seedlings dropped between the end of the rainy season and the end of dry season, likely due to drought stress. Seedlings in canopy gaps were richer in species, more abundant in terms of density, and experienced lower mortality compared with those under the forest canopy, suggesting that forest gaps facilitate the recruitment of seedlings in the forest.

Key words: drought stress, forest gap, survival, regeneration

巩合德, 杨国平, 鲁志云, 刘玉洪, 曹敏 (2011) 哀牢山常绿阔叶林乔木树种的幼苗组成及时空分布特征. 生物多样性, 19, 151-157. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07010.

Hede Gong, Guoping Yang, Zhiyun Lu, Yuhong Liu, Min Cao (2011) Composition and spatio-temporal distribution of tree seedlings in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan. Biodiversity Science, 19, 151-157. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07010.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2011.07010

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2011/V19/I2/151

图/表 4

参考文献 23

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序号 Rank	种名 Species	幼苗个体数 No. of seedlings		出现样方数 No. of quadrats present		相对频度 Relative frequency		相对多度 Relative density		重要值 Importance value		死亡率 Mortality rate (%)
序号 Rank	种名 Species	初查 First survey	复查Second survey	初查 First survey	复查Second survey	初查 First survey	复查Second survey	初查 First survey	复查Second survey	初查 First survey	复查 Second survey	死亡率 Mortality rate (%)
1	多花山矾 Symplocos ramosissima	861	730	445	398	26.96	26.31	24.65	23.89	51.61	50.20	15.21
2	黄心树 Machilus gamblei	1,195	1,055	196	183	11.87	12.10	34.21	34.52	46.08	46.62	11.72
3	硬壳柯 Lithocarpus hancei	161	136	125	113	7.57	7.47	4.61	4.45	12.18	11.92	15.53
4	云南连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii	163	145	124	118	7.51	7.80	4.67	4.74	12.18	12.54	11.04
5	瑞丽鹅掌柴 Schefflera shweliensis	188	185	112	108	6.78	6.05	5.38	7.14	12.16	13.19	1.60
6	珊瑚冬青 Ilex corallina	148	167	108	122	6.54	5.46	4.24	8.06	10.78	13.52	-12.84
7	多果新木姜子 Neolitsea polycarpa	120	101	91	86	5.51	3.31	3.44	5.68	8.95	8.99	15.83
8	黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata	117	98	57	55	3.45	3.21	3.35	3.64	6.80	6.85	16.24
9	南洋木荷 Schima noronhae	66	55	43	38	2.60	1.80	1.89	2.51	4.49	4.31	16.67
10	中缅八角 Illicium burmanicum	43	35	32	27	1.94	1.15	1.23	1.78	3.17	2.93	18.60

序号 Rank	种名 Species	幼苗个体数 No. of seedlings		出现样方数 No. of quadrats present		相对频度 Relative frequency		相对多度 Relative density		重要值 Importance value		死亡率 Mortality rate (%)
序号 Rank	种名 Species	初查 First survey	复查Second survey	初查 First survey	复查Second survey	初查 First survey	复查Second survey	初查 First survey	复查Second survey	初查 First survey	复查 Second survey	死亡率 Mortality rate (%)
1	多花山矾 Symplocos ramosissima	861	730	445	398	26.96	26.31	24.65	23.89	51.61	50.20	15.21
2	黄心树 Machilus gamblei	1,195	1,055	196	183	11.87	12.10	34.21	34.52	46.08	46.62	11.72
3	硬壳柯 Lithocarpus hancei	161	136	125	113	7.57	7.47	4.61	4.45	12.18	11.92	15.53
4	云南连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii	163	145	124	118	7.51	7.80	4.67	4.74	12.18	12.54	11.04
5	瑞丽鹅掌柴 Schefflera shweliensis	188	185	112	108	6.78	6.05	5.38	7.14	12.16	13.19	1.60
6	珊瑚冬青 Ilex corallina	148	167	108	122	6.54	5.46	4.24	8.06	10.78	13.52	-12.84
7	多果新木姜子 Neolitsea polycarpa	120	101	91	86	5.51	3.31	3.44	5.68	8.95	8.99	15.83
8	黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata	117	98	57	55	3.45	3.21	3.35	3.64	6.80	6.85	16.24
9	南洋木荷 Schima noronhae	66	55	43	38	2.60	1.80	1.89	2.51	4.49	4.31	16.67
10	中缅八角 Illicium burmanicum	43	35	32	27	1.94	1.15	1.23	1.78	3.17	2.93	18.60

序号 Rank	种名 Species	相对密度 Relative density	相对频度 Relative frequency	相对优势度 Relative dominance	重要值 Importance value
1	硬壳柯 Lithocarpus hancei	7.86	5.01	27.48	13.45
2	变色锥 Castanopsis wattii	4.46	4.75	16.06	8.42
3	云南连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii	14.11	5.19	1.02	6.77
4	云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii	11.17	4.48	3.06	6.24
5	木果柯 Lithocarpus xylocarpus	1.99	3.70	12.10	5.93
6	多花山矾 Symplocos ramosissima	9.88	4.52	1.84	5.41
7	山矾 S. sumuntia	9.17	4.97	1.46	5.20
8	南洋木荷 Schima noronhae	1.48	3.29	7.31	4.03
9	滇润楠 Machilus yunnanensis	3.21	4.97	3.38	3.86
10	珊瑚冬青 Ilex corallina	3.21	3.62	3.62	3.48

序号 Rank	种名 Species	相对密度 Relative density	相对频度 Relative frequency	相对优势度 Relative dominance	重要值 Importance value
1	硬壳柯 Lithocarpus hancei	7.86	5.01	27.48	13.45
2	变色锥 Castanopsis wattii	4.46	4.75	16.06	8.42
3	云南连蕊茶 Camellia forrestii	14.11	5.19	1.02	6.77
4	云南越桔 Vaccinium duclouxii	11.17	4.48	3.06	6.24
5	木果柯 Lithocarpus xylocarpus	1.99	3.70	12.10	5.93
6	多花山矾 Symplocos ramosissima	9.88	4.52	1.84	5.41
7	山矾 S. sumuntia	9.17	4.97	1.46	5.20
8	南洋木荷 Schima noronhae	1.48	3.29	7.31	4.03
9	滇润楠 Machilus yunnanensis	3.21	4.97	3.38	3.86
10	珊瑚冬青 Ilex corallina	3.21	3.62	3.62	3.48

生境 Habitat	原幼苗 Seedlings at initial census		新增幼苗 Recruited seedlings
生境 Habitat	原数量 Numbers	死亡数量 No. of death (%)	数量 Numbers	死亡数量 No. of death (%)	种数 No. of species
林窗中心 Gap center	154	29 (18.83%)^*	71	23 (32.39%)^*	18
林窗边缘 Gap edge	166	29 (17.47%)^*	75	22 (29.33%)^*	16
林冠下 Under canopy	258	46 (17.83%)^*	59	34 (57.63%)^*	14
合计 Total	578	104	205	79	26

哀牢山常绿阔叶林乔木树种的幼苗组成及时空分布特征

Composition and spatio-temporal distribution of tree seedlings in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Ailao Mountains, Yunnan

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