关键词: 海洋和沿海地区, 生物多样性, 重点保护野生动物, 空间分布特征, 保护状况

Abstract

Aims: The status of key protected species plays a significant role in reflecting the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation in China's marine and coastal zones, and thus has attracted widespread attention. The main objective of this study is to support the action targets related to the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the 15th Five-Year Plan for Building a Beautiful China. 

Methods: Based on the authoritative National List of Key Protected Wild Animals (2021 edition), this study systematically reviewed China's key protected marine and coastal wildlife by integrating data from literature, monographs, and biodiversity databases. It further analyzed the species composition characteristics, spatial distribution patterns, and conservation status of these species. 

Results: This study has recorded a total of 728 species belonging to 5 phyla, 14 classes, 35 orders, and 88 families of key protected marine and coastal wildlife in China. The class Anthozoa had the greatest number of key protected species (71.98%), followed by the classes Aves (9.75%) and Mammalia (6.32%). The biodiversity of key protected marine and coastal wildlife in China showed a gradual increase from north to south, with Hainan recording the highest number of species, followed by Guangdong and Guangxi, while Tianjin had the lowest number. The key protected marine and coastal wildlife species classified as Class I nationally protected accounted for 8.52% of the total (62 species), with Aves constituting the majority; species classified as Class II nationally protected accounted for 91.48% of the total (666 species), with Anthozoa constituting the overwhelming majority. Under the IUCN Red List assessment system, the near threatened, vulnerable, endangered, critically endangered and extinct wildlife accounted for 2.61%, 8.65%, 22.53%, 1.65% and 0.14%, respectively, and others were not evaluated, data deficient, and least concern. 

Conclusion: This study reveals the overall pattern of key protected marine and coastal wildlife in China. It also points out that there are still several issues in the protection of marine and coastal wildlife, such as gaps in conservation lists, insufficient basic data, and inadequate data sharing and integrated analysis. Future efforts should innovate monitoring methods, promote dynamic updates of the list and spatial characteristics of key protected marine and coastal species, thereby providing a scientific basis for marine biodiversity conservation.

Key words: marine and coastal, biodiversity, wildlife, distribution characteristics, conservation status