被子植物花粉颜色多样性及应用研究进展

doi:10.17520/biods.2023346

生物多样性 ›› 2024, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (1): 23346. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023346

被子植物花粉颜色多样性及应用研究进展

张飞飞¹(), 杨天凤¹(), 陈莉荣¹(), 刘冬梅¹(), 杨柳园¹(), 杨杜宇¹(), 鞠鹏²^,^*()(), 陆露¹^,^*()()

1.昆明医科大学药学院暨云南省天然药物药理重点实验室, 昆明 650500
2.中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室, 昆明 650201

收稿日期:2023-08-21 接受日期:2023-11-22 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-11-28
通讯作者: *E-mail: jupeng@mail.kib.ac.cn;lulukmu@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42175139)

Review of pollen color diversity in Angiosperms

Feifei Zhang¹(), Tianfeng Yang¹(), Lirong Chen¹(), Dongmei Liu¹(), Liuyuan Yang¹(), Duyu Yang¹(), Peng Ju²^,^*()(), Lu Lu¹^,^*()()

1 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650500
2 State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201

Received:2023-08-21 Accepted:2023-11-22 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-11-28
Contact: *E-mail: jupeng@mail.kib.ac.cn;lulukmu@163.com

1. 附录.pdf(521KB)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

花粉虽微小似尘埃, 其形态特征的肉眼辨识度低, 但花粉作为植物遗传信息携带和传播的重要结构, 蕴含着被子植物生物多样性成因的关键密码, 可为探索“达尔文恼人之谜”提供一个微形态学的视角。花粉形态具有遗传性和高度多样性, 一直被用于植物分类、演化、生态、生物地理等方面的研究。然而, 已有工作主要聚焦于花粉形状、大小、萌发孔、外壁纹饰和小孢子发生发育等性状, 忽略了在整个被子植物范围内对花粉颜色开展系统性研究。本文阐述了花粉颜色形成的化学和遗传物质基础、花粉颜色多样性的生物驱动因子(传粉者偏好、视觉隐匿、二态性选择等)和非生物驱动因子(紫外线、温度、湿度、经纬度等), 并介绍了花粉颜色在蜂学、植物组培、食品、园艺学等领域的应用现状, 以及目前花粉颜色常见的测量方法。同时, 基于近百年已报道的花粉颜色数据, 利用Fitch简约法重建了被子植物47科71属花粉颜色的演化式样。最后, 结合近年来材料科学、光谱学、人工智能、进化生态学、多组学的发展, 对未来开展花粉颜色物理结构基础、人工智能测量、系统性演化分析、颜色形成分子机制等方面的研究提出了思考和建议。

关键词: 被子植物, 生物多样性, 驱动因子, 物质基础, 测量与量化, 花粉颜色

Abstract

Background & Aim: Pollen grain is an important component for carrying and spreading plant genetic information. It contains the key code of angiosperm biodiversity, which can provide a micromorphological view for exploring “Darwin’s abominable mystery”. Pollen morphology is hereditary and highly diverse in angiosperms and has been used to study plant classification, evolution, ecology, biogeography and so on. However, current studies mainly focus on pollen shape, size, aperture, surface ornamentation, and microspore formation and development, and ignore pollen color. We intend to review the research on pollen color in angiosperms and suggest further studies.

Progress: Previous studies have outlined the chemical and genetic bases of pollen color, including biological factors (pollinator preference, visual crypsis, dimorphic selection, etc.) and abiotic factors (ultraviolet, temperature, humidity, latitude and longitude, etc.). Researchers have also introduced the practical applications for the understanding pollen color in apiology, plant tissue culture techniques, food science, horticulture and other related fields. We summarized the pollen color data reported in the last hundred years, which contains 47 families and 71 genera of angiosperms. We inferred the evolutionary patterns of pollen color using the Fitch parsimony method.

Prospects: In view of the recent advances in material science, spectroscopy, artificial intelligence (AI), evolutionary ecology and multiomics, we provide some thoughts and suggestions for future studies on the physical structure, systematic evolution and molecular mechanisms behind pollen color.

Key words: angiosperms, biodiversity, driving factors, material basis, measurement/quantization, pollen color

张飞飞, 杨天凤, 陈莉荣, 刘冬梅, 杨柳园, 杨杜宇, 鞠鹏, 陆露 (2024) 被子植物花粉颜色多样性及应用研究进展. 生物多样性, 32, 23346. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023346.

Feifei Zhang, Tianfeng Yang, Lirong Chen, Dongmei Liu, Liuyuan Yang, Duyu Yang, Peng Ju, Lu Lu (2024) Review of pollen color diversity in Angiosperms. Biodiversity Science, 32, 23346. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2023346.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2023346

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2024/V32/I1/23346

图/表 2

图1 被子植物花粉颜色多样性光镜示意图(根据已有报道或直接观测, 颜色为图像后期着色)。A: 心叶日中花(黄); B: 黄槐决明(黄); C: 炮仗藤(黄); D: 光叶子花(黄); E: 山茶(黄); F: 皋月杜鹃(黄); G: 丰花月季(黄); H: 千屈菜(绿); I: 红萼龙吐珠(灰); J: 倒挂金钟(红); K: 金边吊兰(黄); L: 红花酢浆草(橙); M: 蓝花丹(白); N: 尼泊尔老鹳草(紫); O: 枇杷(黄); P: 萼距花(黄); Q: 木樨(棕); R: 黄金菊(黄); S: 红花羊蹄甲(白); T: 一品红(黄)。

Fig. 1 The angiosperm pollen grains under the optical microscope (the pollen images are colored based on previous reports or direct observations). A, Mesembryanthemum cordifolium (yellow); B, Senna surattensis (yellow); C, Pyrostegia venusta (yellow); D, Bougainvillea glabra (yellow); E, Camellia japonica (yellow); F, Rhododendron indicum (yellow); G, Rosa hybrida (yellow); H, Lythrum salicaria (green); I, Clerodendrum × speciosum (gray); J, Fuchsia hybrida (red); K, Chlorophytum capense var. variegatum (yellow); L, Oxalis corymbose (orange); M, Plumbago auriculata (white); N, Geranium nepalense (purple); O, Eriobotrya japonica (yellow); P, Cuphea hookeriana (yellow); Q, Osmanthus fragrans (brown); R, Euryops pectinatus (yellow); S, Bauhinia × blakeana (white); T, Euphorbia pulcherrima (yellow).

图2 被子植物花粉颜色演化式样。图左侧系统发育树示基于Fitch简约法重建的花粉颜色演化式样, 图右侧基础桑基图示9种主要花粉颜色在被子植物各类群中的分布式样。图中红色竖线表示APG IV (APG IV, 2016)被子植物分类系统下的各主要分支或演化阶, 编号对应的类群如下: I. 桔梗类; II. 唇形类; III. 菊类基部类群; IV. 超菊类基部群; V. 蔷薇类之固氮分支; VI. 蔷薇类之COM分支; VII. 蔷薇类之锦葵类; VIII. 超蔷薇类基部群; IX. 真双子叶基部类群; X. 单子叶植物分支; XI. 木兰类; XII. 被子植物基部类群ANITA阶; XIII. 外类群。

Fig. 2 Diversity and evolutionary patterns of angiosperm pollen color. The phylogenetic tree on the left shows the character optimization of pollen color and its evolutionary pattern based on Fitch parsimony, and the basic Sankey chart shows the distribution pattern of major nine pollen color in angiosperms. The red vertical lines show the major clades or evolutionary grades of angiosperms: I. Campanulids; II. Lamiids; III. Basal asterids; IV. Basal superasterids; V. Nitrogen-fixing clade (Rosids); VI. The COM clade (Rosids); VII. Malvids (Rosids); VIII. Basal superrosids; IX. Basal eudicots; X. Monocots; XI. Magnoliids; XII. The ANITA grade of Basal angiosperms; and XIII. Outgroup.

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被子植物花粉颜色多样性及应用研究进展

Review of pollen color diversity in Angiosperms

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