湿地植物大花百合种群的性系统特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2021081

生物多样性 ›› 2021, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (10): 1321-1335. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021081

• 研究报告: 植物多样性 • 上一篇下一篇

湿地植物大花百合种群的性系统特征

都业勤¹, 张迪¹, 王赛¹, 王磊¹, 闫兴富²^,^*(), 唐占辉¹^,^*()

1.东北师范大学环境学院, 国家环境保护湿地生态与植被恢复重点实验室, 长春 130117
2.北方民族大学生物科学与工程学院, 国家民委黄河流域农牧交错区生态保护重点实验室, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2021-03-07 接受日期:2021-06-25 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-10-20
通讯作者: 闫兴富,唐占辉
作者简介:tangzh789@nenu.edu.cn
* E-mail: xxffyan@126.com;
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31960228);国家自然科学基金(31470446)

Sexual system characteristics of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum in peatland

Yeqin Du¹, Di Zhang¹, Sai Wang¹, Lei Wang¹, Xingfu Yan²^,^*(), Zhanhui Tang¹^,^*()

1 State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117
2 Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Beifang Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021

Received:2021-03-07 Accepted:2021-06-25 Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-10-20
Contact: Xingfu Yan,Zhanhui Tang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开花植物性系统特征是植物在长期适应进化过程中逐渐形成的繁殖策略, 它在一定程度上影响了物种的种群结构及其在生境中的分布格局, 因此性系统特征一直是植物进化与生态学领域的研究热点。本研究于2012年和2020年在吉林省金川泥炭沼泽湿地, 通过样地调查取样的方法, 研究了湿地植物大花百合(Lilium concolor var. megalanthum)的性系统特征以及不同性别表型植株的比例、密度及空间分布格局, 并探究了大花百合植株个体大小和其性别表达的联系, 比较了不同性别表型的花粉实际可育性和来源不同的花粉授粉处理结实后的种子活力。结果显示, 个体水平上, 大花百合具有雄花植株、两性花植株和雄花两性花同株(即雄全同株) 3种性表型; 种群水平上, 具有雄花的个体充当父本, 通过花粉向下一代传递基因, 而具有两性花的个体主要充当母本, 通过胚珠实现基因的传递。2020年大花百合雄花植株占种群内开花植株的39.14%, 相比2012年雄花植株比例增加了22.80%; 大花百合种群分布密度为0.06株/m², 较2012年下降了0.09株/m²。从2012年到2020年, 总体表现为种群密度降低, 雄花植株相对比例增加的趋势。两性花植株和雄花植株在小尺度范围主要呈聚集分布, 随着尺度增大, 趋于随机分布。雄花植株显著小于两性花植株, 但鳞茎资源分配显著高于两性花植株。大花百合植株的性表达遵循大小依赖的性分配假说: 个体较小的植株表达为雄花植株, 而个体较大的植株则为两性花植株或雄全同株。在不同授粉处理下的结籽率和种子萌发结果表明, 大花百合自花授粉结籽率和坐果率显著低于异花授粉, 雄花植株和两性花植株花粉可育性以及对两性花植株授粉后所获得种子活力无显著差异。大花百合雄花植株的出现可能是对有限环境资源条件适应的结果, 反映了湿地条件下该植物在生长和繁殖资源之间的权衡策略, 在长期的湿地演变过程中, 这种性系统特征的出现具有一定的适应性意义。

关键词: 大花百合, 个体大小依赖, 性表达, 花粉可育性, 种子活力

Abstract

Aims The sexual system characteristics of flowering plant is a reproductive strategy gradually formed during the process of long-term adaptation and evolution, which affect the population structure of plant and its distribution pattern to a certain extent. Therefore, sexual system characteristics have always been a hot topic in the field of plant evolution and ecology.
Methods In this study, a survey was conducted to determine the sexual system characteristics and the proportion, density and spatial distribution pattern of Lilium concolorvar. megalanthum with different sexual phenotypes, and to explore the relationship between individual plant size and sexual expression in Jinchuan peatland of Jilin Province in 2012 and 2020. We compared the actual pollen fertility with different sexual phenotypes and the seed viability after pollination treatment with different pollination sources.
Results The results showed that at the plant level L. concolor var. megalanthum has three sexual phenotypes: male flower, hermaphrodite flower, and andromonoecy. At the population level, the plants with male flower act as male parents and transmit genes to the next generation through pollens, while the plants with hermaphrodite flower mainly act as female parents and transmit genes through ovules. The plant with male flower accounted for 39.14% of flowering plants in the population in 2020, which increased by 22.80% compared with the proportion in 2012. The population density of L. concolor var. megalanthum was 0.06 plants/m²in 2020, which was 0.09 plants/m²lower than that in 2012. Compared with 2012, the population density decreased and the relative proportion of plants with male flowers increased in 2020. Hermaphroditic and male flower plants mainly showed aggregated distribution in small scale, and tended to random distribution with the increase of scale. The plants with male flower are significantly smaller than plants with hermaphrodite flower, but the resource allocation of bulb is significantly higher than that of the plant with hermaphrodite flower. The sexual expression of L. concolor var. megalanthumfollowed the hypothesis of size- dependent sexual allocation. The smaller plant produces only one male flower, while the larger plant produces hermaphroditic flower or are andromonoecious. The results of seed set and germination of different pollination treatments showed that the seed set and fruit set of self-pollination are significantly lower than those of cross-pollination. There was no significant difference in pollen fertility between male and hermaphroditic flower plant. There was also no significant difference in seed viability pollinated by pollen from male and hermaphroditic flower plant.
Conclusion The appearance of male flower may be the result of L. concolor var. megalanthum adaptation to limited environmental resources, and it reflects the trade-off strategy between growth and reproduction of this plant under the stressful condition in peatland. The emergence of this sexual system has a certain adaptive significance for L. concolor var. megalanthum with the long-term peatland succession.

Key words: Lilium concolor var. megalanthum, size-dependent, sexual expression, pollen fertility, seed viability

都业勤, 张迪, 王赛, 王磊, 闫兴富, 唐占辉 (2021) 湿地植物大花百合种群的性系统特征. 生物多样性, 29, 1321-1335. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021081.

Yeqin Du, Di Zhang, Sai Wang, Lei Wang, Xingfu Yan, Zhanhui Tang (2021) Sexual system characteristics of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum in peatland. Biodiversity Science, 29, 1321-1335. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2021081.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2021081

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2021/V29/I10/1321

图/表 13

图1 大花百合植株形态特征。A: 未开花; B: 开花; C: 全株; D: 果实和种子; E: 鳞茎。

Fig. 1 Morphological characteristics of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum. A, No-flowering plant; B, Flowering plant; C, The whole plant; D, Fruits and seeds; E, Bulb.

图2 大花百合自然种群中两种不同表型的花形态特征。A:两性花; B: 雄花; C?E: 退化的雌蕊; F: 正常雌蕊。

Fig. 2 Flower morphological characteristics of two different phenotypes in natural population of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum. A, Hermaphroditic flower; B, Male flower; C?E, Rudimentary pistil during flowering; F, Normally well-developed pistil.

表1 大花百合两种性别表型植株比例和分布密度的年际变化(平均值 ± 标准误)

Table 1 Interannual variation of percentage and distribution density of two sexual phenotypes of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum (Mean ± SE)

年份 Year	植株比例 Percentage of plant (%)			密度 Density (plants/m²)
年份 Year	两性花植株 Hermaphrodite	雄花植株 Male	总计 Total	两性花植株 Hermaphrodite	雄花植株 Male	总计 Total
2012 (N = 1,530)	83.66 ± 0.53^a	16.34 ± 0.53^a	100	0.13 ± 0.04^a	0.02 ± 0.01^a	0.15 ± 0.05^a
2020 (N = 666)	60.86 ± 3.51^b	39.14 ± 3.51^b	100	0.04 ± 0.01^a	0.02 ± 0.00^a	0.06 ± 0.01^a

图3 大花百合种群的表型性别分布。A?C: 2012年调查的3个种群; D?F: 2020年调查的3个种群。

Fig. 3 The distribution of phenotypic gender in the populations of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum. A?C, The three populations surveyed in 2012; D?F, The three populations surveyed in 2020.

图4 2020年大花百合不同性别表型植株在样地中的空间分布。A:样地1; B: 样地2; C: 样地3。

Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of individuals of different sexual phenotypes of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum in sample plots in 2020. A, Plot 1; B, Plot 2; C, Plot 3.

图5 2020年大花百合两种性别表型植株的空间分布格局。A:样地1; B: 样地2; C: 样地3。

Fig. 5 Spatial distribution pattern of two sexual phenotypes of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum in 2020. A, Plot 1; B, Plot 2; C, Plot 3.

表2 大花百合两种性别表型植株的形态特征比较(平均值 ± 标准误)

Table 2 Comparison of morphological characteristics between two sexual phenotypes of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum (Mean ± SE).

指标 Parameters	两性花植株 Hermaphrodite (N = 30)	雄花植株 Male (N = 30)
株高 Plant height (cm)	49.35 ± 1.15^a	44.45 ± 0.88^b
叶片数 Leaf number	17.17 ± 0.44^a	12.77 ± 0.44^b
叶长 Leaf length (cm)	6.70 ± 0.17^a	6.53 ± 0.12^a
叶宽 Leaf width (cm)	0.73 ± 0.03^a	0.70 ± 0.02^a
基径 Base diameter (cm)	0.23 ± 0.01^a	0.19 ± 0.01^b
花直径 Flower diameter (cm)	5.64 ± 0.18^a	4.65 ± 0.15^b
花瓣长 Corolla length (cm)	4.23 ± 0.10^a	3.52 ± 0.07^b
花瓣宽 Corolla width (cm)	1.51 ± 0.04^a	1.18 ± 0.03^b
雄蕊长 Stamen length (cm)	2.68 ± 0.04^a	2.47 ± 0.05^b

图6 大花百合两种性别表型植株各部分生物量干重。*** P < 0.001, 不同大写字母表示两性花植株和雄花植株对应的地上生物量、地下生物量和总生物量差异显著(P < 0.05) 。

Fig. 6 Dry weight of biomass of two sexual phenotypes of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum. *** P < 0.001. Different capital letters indicate significant differences in aboveground biomass, underground biomass, total biomass between hermaphrodite and male plant (P < 0.05).

图7 大花百合两种性别表型植株生物量分配。** P < 0.01, 不同大写字母表示两性花植株和雄花植株对应的地上生物量分配和地下生物量分配有显著性差异(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 7 Biomass allocation of two sexual phenotypes of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum. ** P < 0.01. Different capital letters indicate significant differences in aboveground biomass allocation, underground biomass allocation between hermaphrodite and male plant (P < 0.05).

图8 大花百合两种性别表型植株花分配与总生物量的回归关系

Fig. 8 Regression relationships between flower biomass allocation and total biomass of two sexual phenotypes of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum

图9 大花百合两种性别表型植株表型特征排序分类。PH: 株高; LN: 叶片数; LL: 叶长; LW: 叶宽; BD: 基径; FD: 花直径; CL: 花瓣长; CW: 花瓣宽; SL: 雄蕊长; SDW: 茎干重; LDW: 叶干重; FDW: 花干重; BDW: 鳞茎干重; RDW: 地下茎干重; FRDW: 须根干重; AB: 地上生物量; UB: 地下生物量; TB: 总生物量。

Fig. 9 Ordination and classification of phenotypic characteristics of two sexual phenotypes of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum. PH, Plant height; LN, Leaf number; LL, Leaf length; LW, Leaf width; BD, Base diameter; FD, Flower diameter; CL, Corolla length; CW, Corolla width; SL, Stamen length; SDW, Stem dry weight; LDW, Leaf dry weight; FDW, Flower dry weight; BDW, Bulb dry weight; RDW, Rhizome dry weight; FRDW, Fibrous root dry weight; AB, Aboveground biomass; UB, Underground biomass; TB, Total biomass.

表3 不同授粉处理条件下大花百合结实比较(平均值 ± 标准误)

Table 3 Comparison of fruit set of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum with different pollination treatments (Mean ± SE)

授粉处理 Pollination treatments	种子数量 No. of seeds	种子千粒重 Thousand-seed weight (g)	结籽率 Seed set (%)	坐果率 Fruit set (%)	果荚长 Capsule length (cm)	果荚宽 Capsule width (cm)
自花授粉 Self-pollination (N = 15)	221 ± 33^a	1.73 ± 0.43^a	8.04 ± 3.22^b	53.33^b	2.26 ± 0.25^a	1.32 ± 0.09^a
自然状态授粉 Natural pollination (N = 16)	235 ± 11^a	1.94 ± 0.15^a	46.45 ± 4.95^a	100^a	2.27 ± 0.11^a	1.37 ± 0.04^a
异花授两性花粉 Hermaphrodite-hermapheodite pollination (N = 13)	264 ± 66^a	1.39 ± 0.17^a	52.03 ± 6.10^a	92.31^a	2.04 ± 0.16^a	1.34 ± 0.07^a
异花授雄性花粉 Male-hermapheodite pollination (N = 12)	195 ± 18^a	1.66 ± 0.12^a	43.06 ± 6.40^a	100^a	1.86 ± 0.13^a	1.25 ± 0.04^a

表4 不同授粉处理条件下所得大花百合种子的萌发特征(平均值 ± 标准误)

Table 4 Seed germination characteristics of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum with different pollination treatments (Mean ± SE)

授粉处理 Pollination treatments	萌发率 Germination rate (%)	初始萌发时间 Initial germination time (d)	萌发势 Germination potential (%)	萌发指数 Germination index
自花授粉 Self-pollination (N = 15)	95.84 ± 3.15^a	7.75 ± 0.25^a	24.17 ± 3.15^a	2.79 ± 0.15^a
自然状态授粉 Natural pollination (N = 16)	95.83 ± 2.50^a	9.00 ± 0.58^a	25.83 ± 2.85^a	2.34 ± 0.07^a
异花授两性花粉 Hermaphrodite-hermapheodite pollination (N = 13)	99.17 ± 0.83^a	8.75 ± 0.48^a	36.67 ± 7.20^a	2.61 ± 0.27^a
异花授雄性花粉 Male-hermapheodite pollination (N = 12)	89.17 ± 5.67^a	9.00 ± 0.41^a	28.34 ± 6.74^a	2.21 ± 0.24^a

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湿地植物大花百合种群的性系统特征

Sexual system characteristics of Lilium concolor var. megalanthum in peatland

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