基因组学技术在生物多样性保护研究中的应用

doi:10.17520/biods.2022441

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在分子生物学、细胞生物学、微生物学、遗传学等学科的推动下, 生物多样性研究从仅关注宏观表型的博物学, 迅速演化为涵盖生态系统、物种和遗传多样性等多个维度的综合性生命科学。组学技术, 尤其是DNA测序技术的更新和发展, 使获取DNA序列所需的成本大幅下降, 促进了近年来其在生物多样性研究中取得的一系列令人瞩目成就。本文将从物种水平的遗传多样性和群落水平的物种多样性两个层面总结和介绍与DNA相关的组学技术在生物多样性研究中的一些创新和应用。其中, 物种水平主要是总结单一个体的基因组和单物种多个体在时空多个维度上的群体遗传研究; 而群落水平的物种多样性层面主要总结现有的分子鉴定技术(metabarcoding, eDNA, iDNA等), 以及上述新技术在群落多样性评估、旗舰保护物种监测以及物种间相互作用关系等研究中的应用。

关键词: 基因组学, DNA测序, 物种多样性, 基因条形码

Abstract

Background: Research techniques in molecular biology, cell biology, microbiology and genetics have been accelerated by rapid development of modern genomic technologies. These advances have rapidly evolved the field of biodiversity research, once a branch of natural history focusing on morphology, into an integrated life science. Modern biodiversity studies can now investigate and link element of ecological systems, the species within them, and their genetic diversity. DNA related technologies, among other omics techniques, have continued to develop and launch new sequencing platforms, leading to a reduction of DNA sequencing costs that has already outstripped Moore’s Law, which also facilitates a series of breakthroughs in the research fields of biodiversity.
Prospects: Here, we introduce emerging trends in DNA-based omics techniques applied in biodiversity research, including species-level genomics as well as genetic diversity and community-levels species diversity. The former includes genomes obtained based on single individuals and genetic diversity of focal populations in both spatial and temporal dimensions, while the latter includes molecular identification approaches, such as metabarcoding, eDNA, iDNA etc. These new methods can be applied in biodiversity estimation for various communities, as well as in monitoring and conservation of flagship species and interspecific interactions.

Key words: genomics, DNA sequencing, species diversity, DNA barcoding

刘山林, 邱娜, 张纾意, 赵竹楠, 周欣 (2022) 基因组学技术在生物多样性保护研究中的应用. 生物多样性, 30, 22441. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022441.

Shanlin Liu, Na Qiu, Shuyi Zhang, Zhunan Zhao, Xin Zhou (2022) Application of genomics technology in biodiversity conservation research. Biodiversity Science, 30, 22441. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2022441.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2022441

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2022/V30/I10/22441

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