甘肃省祁连山国家级自然保护区的黏菌物种多样性

doi:10.17520/biods.2020050

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黏菌是森林生态系统中不可或缺的生物资源, 在生态系统中发挥重要的作用。为了探讨黏菌在西北地区森林中的物种多样性及影响物种组成和多样性的因素, 本文对甘肃省祁连山国家级自然保护区进行为期2年的多点调查采样, 获得黏菌标本826份, 经形态学鉴定属于4目5科22属71种, 其中甘肃省新记录种30种。发现鹅绒菌(Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa)等9个物种是祁连山保护区广泛分布的物种, 针叶林中的黏菌总物种数(58种)和特有物种数(38种)均高于阔叶林(33种; 13种), 海拔高度对黏菌多样性无明显影响。主成分分析结果表明, 腐木型基质上的黏菌物种多样性最丰富, 木本基物与草本基物上的黏菌物种组成具有明显差异。研究结果表明, 甘肃省祁连山自然保护区的山地森林带的植被类型与基物类型是影响黏菌物种组成和多样性的重要因素。

关键词: 黏菌, 分类学, 物种多样性, 森林生态系统, 分布特征

Abstract:

Aims: As indispensable biological resources, myxomycetes play an important role in forest ecosystems. We studied the diversity of myxomycetes and the factors affecting myxomycetes community composition and diversity in the forests of Northwest China.
Methods: We collected myxomycetes from multiple locations in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve of Gansu province continuously over two years. Specimens were identified by morphological features. Principal component analysis method was used to analyze the relationship between substrates and myxomycetes.
Results: In total, we collected 826 specimens of myxomycetes belonged to four orders, five families, 22 genera, and 71 species. Among them, 30 species were newly recorded in Gansu province. We analyzed each species’ distribution and found that nine species, including Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa, were widely distributed in the natural reserve. A total of 58 species, including 38 endemic species, were recorded in coniferous forests, compared to 33 total and 13 endemic species that were recorded in broadleaved forests. The diversity of myxomycetes did not vary significantly over elevation. A principal components analysis showed that the diversity of myxomycetes was richest in rotten wood, and that the species composition of myxomycetes on woody substrates was significantly different from that on herbal substrates.
Conclusion: Our results suggests that substrate and vegetation type in montane forests are both important factors affecting myxomycetes community composition and diversity in Qilian Mountain Natural Reserve of Gansu Province.

Key words: myxomycetes, taxonomy, species diversity, forest ecosystem, distribution characteristics

魏鑫磊, 李姝, 窦文俊, 亓宝, 王琦, 李玉. 甘肃省祁连山国家级自然保护区的黏菌物种多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2021, 29(1): 65-71.

Xinlei Wei, Shu Li, Wenjun Dou, Bao Qi, Qi Wang, Yu Li. Species diversity of myxomycetes in Qilian Mountain National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(1): 65-71.

图/表 7

表1 祁连山自然保护区黏菌标本采集地点信息

Table 1 Information of the collecting sites of myxomycetes specimens in the Qilian Mountain Nature Reseve

序号 No.	保护站 Station	采集点 Collection site	经纬度 Locality	海拔 Altitude (m)
1	大黄山站 Dahuangshan Station	焉支山 Yanzhi Mountain	101°14° E, 38°26°N	2,846
2	古城站 Gucheng Station	科拉村 Kela Village	102°36° E, 36°56°N	3,032
		朱岔峡 Zhucha Gorge	102°33° E, 36°56° N	2,604
3	哈溪站 Haxi Station	哈溪 Haxi	102°33° E, 37°23° N	2,568
4	康乐站 Kangle Station	康乐 Kangle	99°47° E, 30°44° N	3,087
5	祁连站 Qilian Station	冰沟河 Binggou River	102°17° E, 37°40° N	2,816
6	上房寺站 Shangfangsi Station	上房寺 Shangfangsi	102°37° E, 37°38° N	3,087
7	十八里堡站 Shibalipu Station	尚家沟 Shangjiagou	103°00° E, 37°20° N	2,705
8	寺大隆站 Sidalong Station	向阳台 Xiangyangtai	99°54° E, 38°26° N	2,716
9	乌鞘岭站 Wushaoling Station	乌鞘岭 Wushaoling	102°59° E, 37°16° N	2,824
		朵什乡 Duoshi Township	102°59° E, 37°16° N	2,816
10	西水站 Xishui Station	大野口 Dayekou	100°17° E, 38°33° N	2,482
		西水 Xishui	100°17° E, 38°32° N	2,814
11	夏玛站 Xiama Station	夏玛 Xiama	103°09° E, 37°18° N	2,604
12	大河口站 Dahekou Station	大河口 Dahekou	100°45° E, 38°17° N	2,905
		小河滩 Xiaohetan	103°09° E, 37°18° N	2,702

图1 祁连山自然保护区4个海拔区间内黏菌物种组成对比的维恩图

Fig. 1 Venn diagram of myxomycetes species composition comparison at four elevations of the Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve

图2 祁连山自然保护区阔叶林与针叶林内黏菌物种组成对比的维恩图

Fig. 2 Venn diagram of myxomycetes species composition comparison in broad-leaved and coniferous forests of Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve

图3 祁连山自然保护区森林不同基物类型与黏菌属间的对应关系图

Fig. 3 The correlation pattern of substrate types and myxomycetes genera in the Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve

图4 祁连山自然保护区不同基物类型与黏菌科间的对应关系图

Fig. 4 The correlation pattern of substrate types and myxomycetes families in the Qilian Mountain Nature Reseve

图5 祁连山自然保护区8种基物类型与黏菌间的PCA得分图(PC1与PC2处在95%置信区间的椭圆内)。1: 腐木, 2: 枯枝, 3: 树皮, 4: 枯叶, 5: 枯草, 6: 苔藓, 7: 松塔, 8: 马勃

Fig. 5 PCA score diagram of eight substrate types and myxomycetes in the Qilian Mountain Nature Reseve (PC1 vs PC2 with 95% confidence interval error ellipse). 1, Dead wood; 2, Dead branch; 3, Bark; 4, Dead leaves; 5 Dry grass; 6, Moss; 7, Pine tower; 8, Puff ball.

图6 祁连山自然保护区8种基物类型与黏菌发生间的PCA载荷图(PC1与PC2处在95%置信区间的椭圆内)

Fig. 6 PCA load diagram of eight substrate types and myxomycetes in Qilian Mountain Nature Reseve. PC1 vs PC2 with 95% confidence interval error ellipse.

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