生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (8): 950-957. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019333
所属专题: 昆虫多样性与生态功能
陈梦悦1,2, 吴雨恒1,2, 廖承清1,2, 马方舟3,*(), 王星1,2,*()
收稿日期:
2019-10-27
接受日期:
2020-01-21
出版日期:
2020-08-20
发布日期:
2020-03-08
通讯作者:
马方舟,王星
作者简介:
wangxing@hunau.edu.cn基金资助:
Mengyue Chen1,2, Yuheng Wu1,2, Chengqing Liao1,2, Fangzhou Ma3,*(), Xing Wang1,2,*()
Received:
2019-10-27
Accepted:
2020-01-21
Online:
2020-08-20
Published:
2020-03-08
Contact:
Fangzhou Ma,Xing Wang
摘要:
为了解八大公山国家级自然保护区内的蝴蝶群落组成及海拔分布, 作者于2016-2018年间对该区域不同生境的蝴蝶群落进行了系统调查和多样性分析, 并持续观测其群落的月动态变化。本研究共记录蝴蝶6,164只, 隶属于5科107属191种。低海拔(250-450 m)生境记录到的蝴蝶以凤蝶亚科为主, 高海拔(1,200-1,400 m)生境以粉蝶亚科为主, 而中海拔(700-900 m)生境无明显的蝴蝶优势类群。相似性分析结果表明, 各生境存在很高比例的共有种(59%以上), 这些共有种在不同生境的个体数分布存在很大的差异。季节动态分析结果表明, 八大公山蝴蝶群落的物种数、个体数及多样性指数在4-6月逐渐上升, 7月达到峰值, 8-9月逐渐下降。总体来说, 八大公山的蝴蝶群落组成沿海拔梯度呈现垂直分布差异, 高海拔与低海拔存在明显的异质性, 中海拔则呈现出一种过渡状态; 且八大公山不同海拔的蝴蝶群落表现出较为一致的季节动态, 都具有很高比例的物种更替; 相对于低海拔, 高海拔生境蝴蝶群落的活跃期更短, 物种的时间周转率更高。
陈梦悦, 吴雨恒, 廖承清, 马方舟, 王星 (2020) 八大公山国家级自然保护区不同生境蝶类群落特征与月动态. 生物多样性, 28, 950-957. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019333.
Mengyue Chen, Yuheng Wu, Chengqing Liao, Fangzhou Ma, Xing Wang (2020) The community characteristics and month dynamics of butterfly at different habitats in the Badagongshan National Nature Reserve. Biodiversity Science, 28, 950-957. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019333.
科 Family | 亚科 Subfamily | 占生境内个体数的相对比例 Relative ratio of the number of individuals in habitats (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
生境A Habitat A | 生境B Habitat B | 生境C Habitat C | 生境D Habitat D | 生境E Habitat E | ||
凤蝶科 Papilionidae | 凤蝶亚科 Popilioninae | 25.89 | 36.61 | 17.79 | 9.70 | 4.15 |
粉蝶科 Pieridae | 粉蝶亚科 Pierinae | 2.97 | 8.50 | 15.10 | 48.38 | 51.14 |
黄粉蝶亚科 Coliodinae | 16.72 | 10.92 | 7.89 | 2.74 | 2.27 | |
合计 Total | 19.69 | 19.42 | 22.99 | 51.12 | 53.41 | |
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae | 灰蝶亚科 Lycueninae | 4.49 | 8.70 | 10.07 | 7.74 | 8.19 |
蚬蝶亚科 Riodininae | 6.68 | 2.43 | 0.67 | 1.47 | 3.16 | |
银灰蝶亚科 Curetinae | 1.85 | 1.55 | 1.01 | 0.20 | 0.00 | |
云灰蝶亚科 Miletinae | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.10 | |
合计 Total | 13.31 | 12.81 | 12.25 | 9.41 | 11.45 | |
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae | 线蛱蝶亚科 Limenitinae | 13.90 | 9.78 | 11.24 | 5.09 | 4.34 |
眼蝶亚科 Satyrinae | 1.41 | 3.64 | 10.57 | 8.33 | 10.46 | |
蛱蝶亚科 Nymphalinae | 5.22 | 2.43 | 1.51 | 3.62 | 1.48 | |
鳌蛱蝶亚科 Choraxinae | 6.39 | 2.56 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.00 | |
丝蛱蝶亚科 Cyrestinae | 2.97 | 3.51 | 7.55 | 0.59 | 0.20 | |
闪蛱蝶亚科 Apiturinae | 2.10 | 2.56 | 2.68 | 1.08 | 0.59 | |
喙蝶亚科 Libytheinae | 0.49 | 0.61 | 2.85 | 1.67 | 1.97 | |
袖蝶亚科 Heliconiinae | 0.34 | 0.74 | 0.34 | 2.15 | 2.07 | |
合计 Total | 32.82 | 25.83 | 37.08 | 22.82 | 21.11 | |
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae | 花弄蝶亚科 Pyrginae | 2.88 | 3.57 | 8.72 | 4.02 | 5.63 |
弄蝶亚科 Hesperiinae | 5.02 | 1.69 | 0.67 | 2.45 | 2.27 | |
竖翅弄蝶亚科 Coeliadinae | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.79 | |
链弄蝶亚科 Hcrcroptcrinae | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.79 | |
合计 Total | 8.10 | 5.26 | 9.89 | 6.57 | 9.48 |
表1 各蝴蝶类群在八大公山国家级自然保护区不同生境的分布情况
Table 1 The distribution of butterfly groups in different habitats in the Badagongshan National Nature reserve
科 Family | 亚科 Subfamily | 占生境内个体数的相对比例 Relative ratio of the number of individuals in habitats (%) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
生境A Habitat A | 生境B Habitat B | 生境C Habitat C | 生境D Habitat D | 生境E Habitat E | ||
凤蝶科 Papilionidae | 凤蝶亚科 Popilioninae | 25.89 | 36.61 | 17.79 | 9.70 | 4.15 |
粉蝶科 Pieridae | 粉蝶亚科 Pierinae | 2.97 | 8.50 | 15.10 | 48.38 | 51.14 |
黄粉蝶亚科 Coliodinae | 16.72 | 10.92 | 7.89 | 2.74 | 2.27 | |
合计 Total | 19.69 | 19.42 | 22.99 | 51.12 | 53.41 | |
灰蝶科 Lycaenidae | 灰蝶亚科 Lycueninae | 4.49 | 8.70 | 10.07 | 7.74 | 8.19 |
蚬蝶亚科 Riodininae | 6.68 | 2.43 | 0.67 | 1.47 | 3.16 | |
银灰蝶亚科 Curetinae | 1.85 | 1.55 | 1.01 | 0.20 | 0.00 | |
云灰蝶亚科 Miletinae | 0.29 | 0.13 | 0.50 | 0.00 | 0.10 | |
合计 Total | 13.31 | 12.81 | 12.25 | 9.41 | 11.45 | |
蛱蝶科 Nymphalidae | 线蛱蝶亚科 Limenitinae | 13.90 | 9.78 | 11.24 | 5.09 | 4.34 |
眼蝶亚科 Satyrinae | 1.41 | 3.64 | 10.57 | 8.33 | 10.46 | |
蛱蝶亚科 Nymphalinae | 5.22 | 2.43 | 1.51 | 3.62 | 1.48 | |
鳌蛱蝶亚科 Choraxinae | 6.39 | 2.56 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.00 | |
丝蛱蝶亚科 Cyrestinae | 2.97 | 3.51 | 7.55 | 0.59 | 0.20 | |
闪蛱蝶亚科 Apiturinae | 2.10 | 2.56 | 2.68 | 1.08 | 0.59 | |
喙蝶亚科 Libytheinae | 0.49 | 0.61 | 2.85 | 1.67 | 1.97 | |
袖蝶亚科 Heliconiinae | 0.34 | 0.74 | 0.34 | 2.15 | 2.07 | |
合计 Total | 32.82 | 25.83 | 37.08 | 22.82 | 21.11 | |
弄蝶科 Hesperiidae | 花弄蝶亚科 Pyrginae | 2.88 | 3.57 | 8.72 | 4.02 | 5.63 |
弄蝶亚科 Hesperiinae | 5.02 | 1.69 | 0.67 | 2.45 | 2.27 | |
竖翅弄蝶亚科 Coeliadinae | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 0.10 | 0.79 | |
链弄蝶亚科 Hcrcroptcrinae | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.79 | |
合计 Total | 8.10 | 5.26 | 9.89 | 6.57 | 9.48 |
图2 八大公山国家级自然保护区不同生境蝴蝶物种的多度等级。多度通过log2进行转换, 各物种按在生境中的多度顺序进行排布, 仅标注了各生境多度排名前三的物种。A: 宽边黄粉蝶; B: 宽带美凤蝶; C: 二尾蛱蝶; D: 碧翠凤蝶; E: 巴黎翠凤蝶; F: 东方菜粉蝶; G: 斑星弄蝶; H: 黑纹粉蝶; I: 飞龙粉蝶; J: 洒青斑粉蝶。
Fig. 2 Rank-abundance plots of butterfly communities in different habitats in the Badagongshan National Nature reserve. Abundances were log2 transformed and species were ordered from the most abundant species to the least. Only the three most abundant species in each habitat are indicated. A, Eurema hecabe; B, Papilio nephelus; C, Polyura narcaea; D, Papilio bianor; E, Papilio paris; F, Pieris canidia; G, Celaenorrhinus maculosus; H, Pieris melete; I, Talbotia naganum; J, Delias sanaca.
图3 八大公山国家级自然保护区不同生境蝴蝶群落多样性指数。 同一个图中不同字母代表在0.05水平差异显著(P < 0.05)。
Fig. 3 Diversity indices of butterfly community in different habitats of the Badagongshan National Nature reserve. Different letters in the same figure represent a significant difference at the 0.05 level (P < 0.05).
生境A Habitat A | 生境B Habitat B | 生境C Habitat C | 生境D Habitat D | 生境E Habitat E | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
生境A Habitat A | 0.7801 | 0.6791 | 0.6053 | 0.6266 | |
生境B Habitat B | 0.7077 | 0.6765 | 0.6083 | 0.5946 | |
生境C Habitat C | 0.5775 | 0.7816 | 0.6073 | 0.6224 | |
生境D Habitat D | 0.1352 | 0.1929 | 0.3905 | 0.7177 | |
生境E Habitat E | 0.680 | 0.959 | 0.3223 | 0.9733 |
表2 八大公山国家级自然保护区不同生境间蝴蝶群落的S?rensen (对角线上方)和Morisita-Horn相似性指数(对角线下方)
Table 2 S?rensen (above diagonal) and Morisita-Horn similarity index (below diagonal) of butterflies in different habitats of the Badagongshan National Nature reserve
生境A Habitat A | 生境B Habitat B | 生境C Habitat C | 生境D Habitat D | 生境E Habitat E | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
生境A Habitat A | 0.7801 | 0.6791 | 0.6053 | 0.6266 | |
生境B Habitat B | 0.7077 | 0.6765 | 0.6083 | 0.5946 | |
生境C Habitat C | 0.5775 | 0.7816 | 0.6073 | 0.6224 | |
生境D Habitat D | 0.1352 | 0.1929 | 0.3905 | 0.7177 | |
生境E Habitat E | 0.680 | 0.959 | 0.3223 | 0.9733 |
图4 八大公山国家级自然保护区不同生境蝴蝶物种数和个体数的月动态
Fig. 4 Monthly dynamics of the number of species and individuals at different habitats in the Badagongshan National Nature reserve
生境类型 Habitat type | 累加物种数 Species cumulative number | 平均物种数 Average number of species | 累积物种数 Species accumulation | 物种累积速率 Species accumulation rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
生境A Habitat A | 166.0 ± 6.7a | 27.7 ± 1.1a | 78.7 ± 4.4a | 35.37 ± 1.29a |
生境B Habitat B | 137.0 ± 10.2b | 22.8 ± 1.7b | 69.3 ± 5.2ab | 32.94 ± 0.06a |
生境C Habitat C | 82.7 ± 4.4c | 13.8 ± 0.7c | 49.7 ± 2.2c | 27.75 ± 1.09b |
生境D Habitat D | 100.0 ± 7.6c | 16.7 ± 1.3c | 62.7 ± 4.1bc | 26.56 ± 0.53b |
生境E Habitat E | 88.7 ± 10.3c | 14.7 ± 1.7c | 56.0 ± 5.9bc | 26.33 ± 0.92b |
总计 Total | 318.0 ± 22.7 | 53.0 ± 3.8 | 133.0 ± 10.8 | 40.00 ± 1.54 |
表3 八大公山国家级自然保护区不同生境蝴蝶群落的逐月物种累积
Table 3 Month by month species accumulation of butterfly community in different habitats of the Badagongshan National Nature reserve
生境类型 Habitat type | 累加物种数 Species cumulative number | 平均物种数 Average number of species | 累积物种数 Species accumulation | 物种累积速率 Species accumulation rate (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
生境A Habitat A | 166.0 ± 6.7a | 27.7 ± 1.1a | 78.7 ± 4.4a | 35.37 ± 1.29a |
生境B Habitat B | 137.0 ± 10.2b | 22.8 ± 1.7b | 69.3 ± 5.2ab | 32.94 ± 0.06a |
生境C Habitat C | 82.7 ± 4.4c | 13.8 ± 0.7c | 49.7 ± 2.2c | 27.75 ± 1.09b |
生境D Habitat D | 100.0 ± 7.6c | 16.7 ± 1.3c | 62.7 ± 4.1bc | 26.56 ± 0.53b |
生境E Habitat E | 88.7 ± 10.3c | 14.7 ± 1.7c | 56.0 ± 5.9bc | 26.33 ± 0.92b |
总计 Total | 318.0 ± 22.7 | 53.0 ± 3.8 | 133.0 ± 10.8 | 40.00 ± 1.54 |
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