物种分布模型在大型真菌红色名录评估及保护中的应用: 以冬虫夏草为例

doi:10.17520/biods.2019158

生物多样性 ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 99-106. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019158

• 编者按 • 上一篇

物种分布模型在大型真菌红色名录评估及保护中的应用: 以冬虫夏草为例

李熠^1,²,唐志尧³,闫昱晶^3,⁴,王科^2,⁵,蔡磊²,贺金生³,古松⁶,姚一建^2,^*()

^1. 扬州大学食品科学与工程学院, 扬州, 江苏 225127
^2. 中国科学院微生物研究所真菌学国家重点实验室, 北京 100101
^3. 北京大学城市与环境学院, 北京 100871
^5. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
^6. 南开大学生命科学学院, 天津 300071

收稿日期:2019-05-08 接受日期:2019-08-01 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2019-12-24
通讯作者: 姚一建
基金资助:
生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006)

Incorporating species distribution model into the red list assessment and conservation of macrofungi: A case study with Ophiocordyceps sinensis

Yi Li^1,²,Zhiyao Tang³,Yujing Yan^3,⁴,Ke Wang^2,⁵,Lei Cai²,Jinsheng He³,Song Gu⁶,Yijian Yao^2,^*()

^1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127
^2. State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101
^3. College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871
^4. Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
^5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Received:2019-05-08 Accepted:2019-08-01 Online:2020-01-20 Published:2019-12-24
Contact: Yijian Yao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国大型真菌资源丰富, 由于受气候变化和人类活动等的影响, 近年来很多物种受到不同程度的威胁, 亟待保护。红色名录评估是物种保护的第一步, 为有效保护我国大型真菌多样性, 2016年生态环境部和中国科学院联合启动中国大型真菌红色名录评估项目。合理的评估依赖于完善的物种地理分布、种群数量规模及其动态变化信息。大型真菌评估信息较少, 需要引入新的方法解决评估信息不足的问题。冬虫夏草(Ophiocordyceps sinensis)是一种重要的食药用菌, 具有较高的经济价值, 受到全世界的广泛关注, 评估信息相对充足, 此次被评为易危物种。利用物种分布模型对冬虫夏草未来分布区变化的预测在评估过程中发挥了重要作用。为了将物种分布模型分析方法引入大型真菌的受威胁等级评估, 本文以此前我们利用物种分布模型预测冬虫夏草的潜在分布区及其对气候变化响应的研究为例, 介绍了应用物种分布模型预测大型真菌的潜在分布区、未来气候变化情景下分布区变化趋势的方法和流程, 以及在应用中可能存在的问题和解决方案。通过本文的分析, 我们认为物种分布模型在大型真菌的红色名录评估和保护中具有重要的应用潜力, 值得推广应用。

关键词: 物种分布模型, 冬虫夏草, 真菌保护, 生物多样性

Abstract

China is rich in macrofungal biodiversity. However, many species have been threatened in recent years by human activity and climate change. Red list assessment is the first step towards species conservation. To protect this group of fungi, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences launched the Red List Assessment of Macrofungi in China in 2016. A reasonable assessment largely relies on the sufficient information of species’ geographic information, population numbers and sizes and population dynamics, which is lacked in most of macrofungal species. It is therefore necessary to employ new approaches to find and utilize more information for the assessment. Among the assessed species, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, which is an edible and medicinal fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding regions, has relatively abundant information. This species gained attention worldwide due to its obvious economic value and its importance to local societies. A species distribution modeling has also been an important component of its red list assessment. Here, we call on a previous study that aimed to predict the current potential distribution and to project the future distribution of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, and then we discuss how this modeling method can be employed in red list assessments to predict the current potential distribution and the range shifts of other macrofungal species in response to climate change. Challenges of using the model and possible solutions are also discussed. The species distribution modeling method is considered to have great potential for red list assessments and the subsequent conservation of macrofungi.

Key words: species distribution models, Ophiocordyceps sinensis, fungal conservation, biodiversity

李熠,唐志尧,闫昱晶,王科,蔡磊,贺金生,古松,姚一建 (2020) 物种分布模型在大型真菌红色名录评估及保护中的应用: 以冬虫夏草为例. 生物多样性, 28, 99-106. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019158.

Yi Li,Zhiyao Tang,Yujing Yan,Ke Wang,Lei Cai,Jinsheng He,Song Gu,Yijian Yao (2020) Incorporating species distribution model into the red list assessment and conservation of macrofungi: A case study with Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Biodiversity Science, 28, 99-106. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019158.

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链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2019158

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2020/V28/I1/99

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参考文献 38

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分类地位 Taxonomy
界 Kingdom	门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family
真菌界 Fungi	子囊菌门 Ascomycota	座囊菌纲 Sordariomycetes	肉座菌目 Hypocreales	线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae
学名 Scientific name		Ophiocordyceps sinensis
中文名 Chinese name		冬虫夏草
命名人 Species authority		(Berk.) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora
分类备注 Taxonomic notes		≡Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. ≡Sphaeria sinensis Berk. 无性型名称 Hirsutella sinensis X.J. Liu, Y.L. Guo, Y.X. Yu & W. Zeng anamorph: Hirsutella sinensis X.J. Liu, Y.L. Guo, Y.X. Yu & W. Zeng
评估信息 Assessment information
红色名录等级及标准 Red list category & criteria		易危 Vulnerable (VU), A2acd + 3cd
评估年份 Year published		2016
评估日期 Date assessed		2016/9/27
评定人 Assessor(s)		庄文颖, 李熠 Wen-Ying Zhuang, Yi Li
审定人 Reviewer(s)		吴兴亮, 李春如 Xing-Liang Wu, Chun-Ru Li
描述 Justification		相对于其他虫草类真菌, 冬虫夏草分布范围较广、种群密度和生物量更高, 由于受到人类过度采挖的影响, 其种群密度明显下降, 气候变化也影响了其分布范围。根据模型预测的结果, 气候变化导致的冬虫夏草分布区的丧失在未来的三、五十年内可能达到30%以上。 Ophiocordyceps sinensis has a wider distribution, higher population density and biomass comparing with other Cordyceps s. l. species. The population density was observed to decline due to over-harvesting, and its distribution was also reported to be affected by climate change. According to a study with species distribution modeling, over 30% of its current habitats will be lost in the next 30 to 50 years in response to future climate change.
地理分布 Geographic range
分布区 Range description		甘肃、青海、四川、云南、西藏 Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet
分布国家 Countries occurrence		中国、尼泊尔、印度、不丹 China, Nepal, India, Bhutan
分布图 Range map
种群 Population
种群数量 Population size
种群趋势 Current population trend		衰退 Decreasing
附件信息 Additional data
生境 Habitat
生境 Habitat		高寒草甸、高山灌丛 Alpine meadow, alpine shrub
生态系统 Ecosystems
世代年限 Generation length (years)
商业用途 Use and trade
商业用途 Use and trade		珍稀食药用菌 A precious edible and medicinal fungus
威胁因子 Threats
主要威胁因子 Major threat (s)		气候变化、过度采挖 Climate change and over harvesting
保护行动 Conservation actions
保护行动 Conservation actions		该物种1999年被原林业部和农业部列为国家二级保护物种, 其分布地部分被保护区覆盖。建议对物种的种群动态进行监测, 选择合适的地点建立保护地, 采取必要的保护措施, 尤其是防止过度采挖利用, 减少采挖活动对其生境的影响。 Ophiocordyceps sinensis has been listed as endangered species under the Chinese Second Class of State Protection by the State Forestry Administration and Ministry of Agriculture since 1999. Part of its distribution areas is now covered by nature reserves. Suggested conservation actions include monitoring the bacterial population dynamics, selecting suitable distribution sites as natural reserves, developing essential protection measures to reduce the influence of collecting activity to its natural habitats, especially to prevent over-harvesting.

分类地位 Taxonomy
界 Kingdom	门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family
真菌界 Fungi	子囊菌门 Ascomycota	座囊菌纲 Sordariomycetes	肉座菌目 Hypocreales	线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae
学名 Scientific name		Ophiocordyceps sinensis
中文名 Chinese name		冬虫夏草
命名人 Species authority		(Berk.) G.H. Sung, J.M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora
分类备注 Taxonomic notes		≡Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. ≡Sphaeria sinensis Berk. 无性型名称 Hirsutella sinensis X.J. Liu, Y.L. Guo, Y.X. Yu & W. Zeng anamorph: Hirsutella sinensis X.J. Liu, Y.L. Guo, Y.X. Yu & W. Zeng
评估信息 Assessment information
红色名录等级及标准 Red list category & criteria		易危 Vulnerable (VU), A2acd + 3cd
评估年份 Year published		2016
评估日期 Date assessed		2016/9/27
评定人 Assessor(s)		庄文颖, 李熠 Wen-Ying Zhuang, Yi Li
审定人 Reviewer(s)		吴兴亮, 李春如 Xing-Liang Wu, Chun-Ru Li
描述 Justification		相对于其他虫草类真菌, 冬虫夏草分布范围较广、种群密度和生物量更高, 由于受到人类过度采挖的影响, 其种群密度明显下降, 气候变化也影响了其分布范围。根据模型预测的结果, 气候变化导致的冬虫夏草分布区的丧失在未来的三、五十年内可能达到30%以上。 Ophiocordyceps sinensis has a wider distribution, higher population density and biomass comparing with other Cordyceps s. l. species. The population density was observed to decline due to over-harvesting, and its distribution was also reported to be affected by climate change. According to a study with species distribution modeling, over 30% of its current habitats will be lost in the next 30 to 50 years in response to future climate change.
地理分布 Geographic range
分布区 Range description		甘肃、青海、四川、云南、西藏 Gansu, Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet
分布国家 Countries occurrence		中国、尼泊尔、印度、不丹 China, Nepal, India, Bhutan
分布图 Range map
种群 Population
种群数量 Population size
种群趋势 Current population trend		衰退 Decreasing
附件信息 Additional data
生境 Habitat
生境 Habitat		高寒草甸、高山灌丛 Alpine meadow, alpine shrub
生态系统 Ecosystems
世代年限 Generation length (years)
商业用途 Use and trade
商业用途 Use and trade		珍稀食药用菌 A precious edible and medicinal fungus
威胁因子 Threats
主要威胁因子 Major threat (s)		气候变化、过度采挖 Climate change and over harvesting
保护行动 Conservation actions
保护行动 Conservation actions		该物种1999年被原林业部和农业部列为国家二级保护物种, 其分布地部分被保护区覆盖。建议对物种的种群动态进行监测, 选择合适的地点建立保护地, 采取必要的保护措施, 尤其是防止过度采挖利用, 减少采挖活动对其生境的影响。 Ophiocordyceps sinensis has been listed as endangered species under the Chinese Second Class of State Protection by the State Forestry Administration and Ministry of Agriculture since 1999. Part of its distribution areas is now covered by nature reserves. Suggested conservation actions include monitoring the bacterial population dynamics, selecting suitable distribution sites as natural reserves, developing essential protection measures to reduce the influence of collecting activity to its natural habitats, especially to prevent over-harvesting.

物种分布模型在大型真菌红色名录评估及保护中的应用: 以冬虫夏草为例

Incorporating species distribution model into the red list assessment and conservation of macrofungi: A case study with Ophiocordyceps sinensis

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