生物多样性 ›› 2019, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (8): 887-895.  DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019053

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大小兴安岭针叶树倒木上木腐真菌的物种多样性

崔宝凯1,袁海生2,周丽伟2,何双辉1,魏玉莲2,*()   

  1. 1. 北京林业大学微生物研究所, 北京 100083
    2. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 中国科学院森林生态与管理重点实验室, 沈阳 110016
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-26 接受日期:2019-04-25 出版日期:2019-08-20 发布日期:2019-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 魏玉莲
  • 基金资助:
    科技部科技基础性工作专项(2014FY210400);国家自然科学基金(31870018)

Diversity of wood-decaying fungi in conifer trees of the Greater and Lesser Khinggan Mountains

Baokai Cui1,Hai-Sheng Yuan2,Liwei Zhou2,Shuanghui He1,Yulian Wei2,*()   

  1. 1. Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
    2. Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016
  • Received:2019-02-26 Accepted:2019-04-25 Online:2019-08-20 Published:2019-09-25
  • Contact: Wei Yulian

摘要:

木腐真菌在森林生态系统中具有丰富的物种多样性, 并在倒木的降解过程中发挥重要的生态功能。针叶树是大小兴安岭森林生态系统的优势树种, 因此研究针叶树倒木木腐真菌物种多样性和影响其物种分布的相关环境因子有助于揭示大小兴安岭森林生态系统物质循环的机理。本研究收集了近16年对大小兴安岭地区冷杉属(Abies)、落叶松属(Larix)、云杉属(Picea)和松属(Pinus) 4类针叶树倒木上1,561份木腐真菌标本的采集信息, 统计了物种种类及其腐朽类型, 并选取具有代表性的地点开展木腐真菌群落多样性及其与环境因子的相关性分析。结果显示, 大小兴安岭针叶树倒木木腐真菌有166种, 隶属于70属, 其中白腐真菌有111种, 占所有种类的66.9%, 褐腐真菌为55种, 占所有种类的33.1%。在4类针叶树倒木上均能生长的真菌种类有19种, 占所有种类的11.5%, 其中柔丝干酪孔菌(Oligoporus sericeomollis)是各类倒木上木腐真菌群落中的优势种。大兴安岭地区落叶松属为优势寄主, 其倒木上生长的木腐真菌种类数和个体数在4类倒木中均为最高; 而小兴安岭地区松属倒木上木腐真菌种类数和个体数比其他3类倒木高, 是该地区的优势寄主。对6个代表性地区木腐真菌群落的研究显示, 有11种真菌在6个地区均有分布, 小兴安岭地区木腐真菌多样性普遍高于大兴安岭地区; 聚类分析显示树种比地理位置对木腐真菌物种分布的影响更大。

关键词: 木腐真菌, 物种多样性, 针叶树, 大小兴安岭

Abstract

Wood-decaying fungi have rich species diversity and play an important role in the decomposition of fallen wood in forest ecosystems. Conifer trees are dominant in the forest ecosystems of the Greater and Lesser Khinggan Mountains. Therefore, it is necessary to determine wood-decaying fungal species diversity in conifers and which factors influence their distribution in order to understand substance cycling in the forest ecosystems of the Greater and Lesser Khinggan Mountains. Over 16 years, 1,561 samples of wood-decaying fungi were collected from conifer trees (including Larix, Pinus, Abies and Picea) in the Greater and Lesser Khinggan Mountains. The host and fungal species and their rotting types were recorded, and the relationship between the fungal species distribution and potential influencing factors was analyzed. The results showed that there were 166 species belonging to 70 fungal genera found in the conifer wood of the Greater and Lesser Khinggan Mountains. This included 111 white-rot species (66.9%) and 55 brown-rot species (33.1%). Among the 166 fungal species, 19 species (11.5%) grew on all conifers. In the Greater Khinggan Mountains, larch was the dominant host, with the highest number of species and individuals of wood-decaying fungi found there. In contrast, pine was the dominant host in the Lesser Khinggan Mountains. This study of six typical sites showed that the biodiversity of wood-decaying fungi was higher in the Lesser Khinggan Mountains than the Greater Khinggan Mountains, with only 11 species occurring in all six sites. Further, the tree species had greater influence on the distribution of wood-decaying fungi than the site locations.

Key words: wood-decaying fungi, diversity, conifers, the Greater and Lesser Khinggan Mountains