生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 1308-1317.DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018131
陈自宏1, 杨晓娜1, 孙宁静1, 徐玲1,*(), 郑元2, 杨宇明3
收稿日期:
2018-05-03
接受日期:
2018-07-04
出版日期:
2018-12-20
发布日期:
2019-02-11
通讯作者:
徐玲
作者简介:
# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
Zihong Chen1, Xiaona Yang1, Ningjing Sun1, Ling Xu1,*(), Yuan Zheng2, Yuming Yang3
Received:
2018-05-03
Accepted:
2018-07-04
Online:
2018-12-20
Published:
2019-02-11
Contact:
Xu Ling
About author:
# 同等贡献作者 Contributed equally to this work
摘要:
云南高黎贡山具有多样化的生态系统和生物资源。为探清该地区绿僵菌属(Metarhizium)真菌的物种多样性及其不同海拔的垂直分布特征, 沿海拔梯度(600-3,800 m)在7种典型植被类型(I: 干热河谷; II: 季风常绿阔叶林; III: 暖性针叶林; IV: 中山暖性常绿阔叶林; V: 山地苔藓矮林; VI: 寒温性灌丛或草甸; VII: 流石滩稀疏植被)中调查绿僵菌资源。从生境土壤中分离菌株, 通过多基因(nrSSU、nrLSU、EF-1α、RPB1和RPB2)系统发育分析进行物种鉴定。结果表明, 高黎贡山绿僵菌物种资源丰富, 获得的161株菌株分属于12个物种(Metarhizium rileyi, M. viridulum, M. lepidiotae, M. brunneum, M. pingshaense, M. anisopliae, M. robertsii, M. guizhouense, M. indigoticum, M. pemphigi, M. campsosterni和Metacordyceps neogunnii), 其中M. indigoticum为中国新记录种, M. anisopliae complex中的物种(8种)较集中; 同时还采集到了绿僵菌的近缘属Nigelia属物种N. martiale。高黎贡山绿僵菌广泛分布于除类型VII (海拔3,600-3,800 m)外的6种植被类型(海拔600-3,400 m)中。中低海拔植被类型(I-IV)中菌株数量较多(≥23株)、物种多样性较高(4-9种), 而高海拔植被类型(V-VI)中菌株数量较少(2-8株)、物种较单一(1-2种)。中海拔的常绿阔叶林中绿僵菌资源最丰富, 其中季风常绿阔叶林(植被类型II)中的菌株数量(52株, 占总数的32.3%)和物种数(9种)最多; 中山湿性常绿阔叶林(植被类型IV)为其次(47株, 占总数的29.2%; 7种)。高黎贡山绿僵菌优势种现象明显, M. brunneum为最优势物种, 其菌株数占总数的46.6%, 在生境条件差异很大的6种植被类型(I-VI)中都存在, 说明该物种生态适应能力最强。
陈自宏, 杨晓娜, 孙宁静, 徐玲, 郑元, 杨宇明. 中国西南高黎贡山绿僵菌物种多样性及其垂直分布特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2018, 26(12): 1308-1317.
Zihong Chen, Xiaona Yang, Ningjing Sun, Ling Xu, Yuan Zheng, Yuming Yang. Species diversity and vertical distribution characteristics of Metarhizium in Gaoligong Mountains, southwestern China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2018, 26(12): 1308-1317.
图1 高黎贡山绿僵菌不同物种的菌落及其他真菌材料。(A) M. brunneum的菌落; (B) M. lepidiotae的菌落; (C) M. indigoticum的菌落; (D) M. campsosterni的菌落; (E) M. robertsii的菌落; (F) M. guizhouense的菌落; (G) M. anisopliae的菌落; (H) M. pingshaense的菌落; (I) M. viridulum的菌落; (J) M. pemphigi的菌落; (K) M. rileyi的菌落; (L) Mc. neogunnii的菌落; (M)绿僵菌的诱导分离; (N) M. viridulum的子座; (O) M. rileyi感染鳞翅目幼虫形成的孢子; (P) M. pemphigi感染叶甲形成的孢子; (Q) N. martiale的子实体。A-O和Q的比例尺 = 1 cm; P的比例尺= 0.5 cm。
Fig. 1 Colonies of Metarhizium species and other fungal materials in Gaoligong Mountains. (A) Colony of M. brunneum; (B) Colony of M. lepidiotae; (C) Colony of M. indigoticum; (D) Colony of M. campsosterni; (E) Colony of M. robertsii; (F) Colony of M. guizhouense; (G) Colony of M. anisopliae; (H) Colony of M. pingshaense; (I) Colony of M. viridulum; (J) Colony of M. pemphigi; (K) Colony of M. rileyi; (L) Colony of Mc. neogunnii; (M) The induction and isolation of Metarhizium; (N) Stroma of M. viridulum; (O) Spores of M. rileyi on the infected Lepidoptera larva; (P) Spores of M. pemphigi on the infected beetle larva; (Q) Fruit body of N. martiale. Bar of A-O and Q = 1 cm; Bar of P = 0.5 cm.
物种 Species | 菌株数 strain number | 菌株百分比 % | 植被类型 Vegetation type | 海拔跨度 Altitude span (m) | 温度 Temperature (℃) | 湿度 Humidity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metarhizium brunneum | 75 | 46.6 | I-VI | 600-3,400 | 13-34 | 32-80 |
M. pemphigi | 25 | 15.5 | I, II, IV | 800-2,119 | 20-32 | 39-70 |
M. pingshaense | 11 | 6.8 | I, IV, V | 1,925-3,135 | 15-34 | 58-74 |
M. guizhouense | 13 | 8.1 | II, IV | 1,540-2,280 | 18-30 | 57-74 |
M. rileyi | 10 | 6.2 | II, IV | 1,780-2,495 | 17-27 | 49-54 |
M. robertsii | 5 | 3.1 | I, IV | 723-1,981 | 22-32 | 52-63 |
M. indigoticum | 4 | 2.5 | II, III | 1,512-1,981 | 22-30 | 58-59 |
M. anisopliae | 4 | 2.5 | II, III | 1,370-1,900 | 25-30 | 60-76 |
Metacordyceps neogunnii | 7 | 4.4 | II | 1,438 | 25 | 65 |
M. campsosterni | 5 | 3.1 | IV | 2,022 | 22 | 58 |
M. viridulum | 1 | 0.6 | II | 1,540 | 30 | 57 |
M. lepidiotae | 1 | 0.6 | III | 1,765 | 25 | 58 |
Nigelia martiale | - | - | II | 1,568 | 30 | 60 |
合计 Total | 161 | 100 | 6 | 600-3,400 | 13-34 | 32-80 |
表1 高黎贡山绿僵菌属不同物种的菌株数量及生境条件。I: 干热河谷; II: 季风常绿阔叶林; III: 暖性针叶林; IV: 中山暖性常绿阔叶林; V: 山地苔藓矮林; VI: 寒温性灌丛或草甸; VII: 流石滩稀疏植被。
Table 1 Strain numbers and habitat conditions of Metarhizium species in Gaoligong Mountains. I, Dry-hot valley; II, Monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest; III, Warm coniferous forest; IV, Mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest; V, Mountain moss dwarf forest; VI, Cold shrubs of meadow; VII, Rocky beach sparsely vegetation.
物种 Species | 菌株数 strain number | 菌株百分比 % | 植被类型 Vegetation type | 海拔跨度 Altitude span (m) | 温度 Temperature (℃) | 湿度 Humidity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metarhizium brunneum | 75 | 46.6 | I-VI | 600-3,400 | 13-34 | 32-80 |
M. pemphigi | 25 | 15.5 | I, II, IV | 800-2,119 | 20-32 | 39-70 |
M. pingshaense | 11 | 6.8 | I, IV, V | 1,925-3,135 | 15-34 | 58-74 |
M. guizhouense | 13 | 8.1 | II, IV | 1,540-2,280 | 18-30 | 57-74 |
M. rileyi | 10 | 6.2 | II, IV | 1,780-2,495 | 17-27 | 49-54 |
M. robertsii | 5 | 3.1 | I, IV | 723-1,981 | 22-32 | 52-63 |
M. indigoticum | 4 | 2.5 | II, III | 1,512-1,981 | 22-30 | 58-59 |
M. anisopliae | 4 | 2.5 | II, III | 1,370-1,900 | 25-30 | 60-76 |
Metacordyceps neogunnii | 7 | 4.4 | II | 1,438 | 25 | 65 |
M. campsosterni | 5 | 3.1 | IV | 2,022 | 22 | 58 |
M. viridulum | 1 | 0.6 | II | 1,540 | 30 | 57 |
M. lepidiotae | 1 | 0.6 | III | 1,765 | 25 | 58 |
Nigelia martiale | - | - | II | 1,568 | 30 | 60 |
合计 Total | 161 | 100 | 6 | 600-3,400 | 13-34 | 32-80 |
图2 基于5个基因(nrSSU、nrLSU、EF-1α、RPB1和RPB2)核苷酸序列分析获得的绿僵菌属系统发育树。采自高黎贡山的材料被标为黑体字。
Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of Metarhizium based on nucleotide sequences of five loci (nrSSU, nrLSU, EF-1α, RPB1and RPB2) dataset. Those from Gaoligong Mountains are marked in bold.
图3 中国新记录种Metarhizium indigoticum (菌株BUM 1512.8)的形态特征。(A)菌落正面; (B)菌落背面; (C)分生孢子链; (D, E)产孢结构。C-E的比例尺 = 5 µm.
Fig. 3 Morphology of the new record species in China, Metarhizium indigoticum (strain BUM 1512.8). (A) Obverse of the colony on PPDA; (B) Reverse of the colony on PPDA; (C) Conidia chains; (D, E) Conidiogenous structures. Bar of C-E = 5 µm.
图4 高黎贡山不同植被类型中绿僵菌的物种及菌株数量。L: 低海拔; M: 中海拔; H: 高海拔。
Fig. 4 Species and strain numbers of Metarhizium in different vegetation types of Gaoligong Mountains. L, Low elevation; M, Middle elevation; H, High elevation.
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