中国西南高黎贡山绿僵菌物种多样性及其垂直分布特征

doi:10.17520/biods.2018131

生物多样性 ›› 2018, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (12): 1308-1317.DOI: 10.17520/biods.2018131

中国西南高黎贡山绿僵菌物种多样性及其垂直分布特征

陈自宏¹, 杨晓娜¹, 孙宁静¹, 徐玲^1,^*(), 郑元², 杨宇明³

1 保山学院高黎贡山生物资源研究所, 云南保山 678000
2 西南林业大学林学院, 昆明 650224
3 云南省林业科学院云南省森林植物培育与开发利用重点实验室, 昆明 650201

收稿日期:2018-05-03 接受日期:2018-07-04 出版日期:2018-12-20 发布日期:2019-02-11
通讯作者: 徐玲
作者简介:# 共同第一作者
基金资助:
国家自然科学地区基金(31460153)、云南省科技厅地方本科高校基础研究联合专项资金面上项目(2017FH001-029)、云南省科技厅地方本科高校基础研究联合专项资金重点项目(2017FH001-126)和保山市第六批中青年学术和技术带头人项目(bszqnxshjsdtr201701)

Species diversity and vertical distribution characteristics of Metarhizium in Gaoligong Mountains, southwestern China

Zihong Chen¹, Xiaona Yang¹, Ningjing Sun¹, Ling Xu^1,^*(), Yuan Zheng², Yuming Yang³

1 Institute of Biological Resources of Gaoligong Mountains, Baoshan University, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000
2 College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
3 Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Cultivation and Utilization, Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650201

Received:2018-05-03 Accepted:2018-07-04 Online:2018-12-20 Published:2019-02-11
Contact: Xu Ling
About author:# 同等贡献作者 Contributed equally to this work

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

云南高黎贡山具有多样化的生态系统和生物资源。为探清该地区绿僵菌属(Metarhizium)真菌的物种多样性及其不同海拔的垂直分布特征, 沿海拔梯度(600-3,800 m)在7种典型植被类型(I: 干热河谷; II: 季风常绿阔叶林; III: 暖性针叶林; IV: 中山暖性常绿阔叶林; V: 山地苔藓矮林; VI: 寒温性灌丛或草甸; VII: 流石滩稀疏植被)中调查绿僵菌资源。从生境土壤中分离菌株, 通过多基因(nrSSU、nrLSU、EF-1α、RPB1和RPB2)系统发育分析进行物种鉴定。结果表明, 高黎贡山绿僵菌物种资源丰富, 获得的161株菌株分属于12个物种(Metarhizium rileyi, M. viridulum, M. lepidiotae, M. brunneum, M. pingshaense, M. anisopliae, M. robertsii, M. guizhouense, M. indigoticum, M. pemphigi, M. campsosterni和Metacordyceps neogunnii), 其中M. indigoticum为中国新记录种, M. anisopliae complex中的物种(8种)较集中; 同时还采集到了绿僵菌的近缘属Nigelia属物种N. martiale。高黎贡山绿僵菌广泛分布于除类型VII (海拔3,600-3,800 m)外的6种植被类型(海拔600-3,400 m)中。中低海拔植被类型(I-IV)中菌株数量较多(≥23株)、物种多样性较高(4-9种), 而高海拔植被类型(V-VI)中菌株数量较少(2-8株)、物种较单一(1-2种)。中海拔的常绿阔叶林中绿僵菌资源最丰富, 其中季风常绿阔叶林(植被类型II)中的菌株数量(52株, 占总数的32.3%)和物种数(9种)最多; 中山湿性常绿阔叶林(植被类型IV)为其次(47株, 占总数的29.2%; 7种)。高黎贡山绿僵菌优势种现象明显, M. brunneum为最优势物种, 其菌株数占总数的46.6%, 在生境条件差异很大的6种植被类型(I-VI)中都存在, 说明该物种生态适应能力最强。

关键词: 高黎贡山, 绿僵菌, 系统发育分析, 物种多样性, 垂直分布

Abstract:

Gaoligong Mountains in Yunnan Province, China have diverse ecological systems and biological resources. To understand the diversity and the vertical distribution of Metarhizium species at different elevations in this area, Metarhizium resources were investigated in seven typical vegetation types (i.e., I, dry-hot valley; II, monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest; III, warm coniferous forest; IV, mod-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest; V, mountain moss dwarf forest; VI, cold shrubs of meadow; and VII, rocky beach sparsely vegetation) along an elevation gradient (600-3,800 m). Strains of Metarhizium were isolated from soils of the vegetations at different elevations and identified using multi-gene (nrSSU, nrLSU, EF-1α, RPB1, and RPB2) phylogenetic analysis. Our result indicated that the species of Metarhizium in Gaoligong Mountains were abundant and the obtained 161 strains represented 12 Metarhizium species, namely, M. rileyi, M. viridulum, M. lepidiotae, M. brunneum, M. pingshaense, M. anisopliae, M. robertsii, M. guizhouense, M. indigoticum, M. pemphigi, M. campsosterni, and Metacordyceps neogunnii, and most of them (8 species) belonged to M. anisopliae complex. Additionally, Nigelia martiale, a taxon close to Metarhizium was also found in this area. M. indigoticum is new to China. Fungi of Metarhizium in Gaoligong Mountains were widely distributed in six vegetation types at elevation between 600 m and 3,400 m, but not in type VII at the elevation of 3,600-3,800 m. The vegetations at the low and middle elevations (I-IV) harbored larger number of strains (≥ 23) and higher species diversity (4-9 species), whereas those at high elevations (V-VI) possessed fewer strains (2-8) and relatively limited species (1-2 species). Metarhizium resources were the most abundant in evergreen broad-leaved forests at the middle elevation. The monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest (vegetation type II) possessed the largest number of Metarhizium strains (52 strains, 32.3% of the total) and species (9 species), while mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest (vegetation type IV) (47 strains, 29.2% of the total) was the next. The superior species phenomenon of Metarhizium was remarkable in Gaoligong Mountains, M. brunneum being the most dominant, at 46.6% of the total strain numbers. It widely exists in six vegetation types (I-VI) with very different habitat conditions, suggesting that this species has the highest ecologic adaptability.

Key words: Gaoligong Mountains, Metarhizium, phylogenetic analysis, species diversity, vertical distribution

陈自宏, 杨晓娜, 孙宁静, 徐玲, 郑元, 杨宇明. 中国西南高黎贡山绿僵菌物种多样性及其垂直分布特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2018, 26(12): 1308-1317.

Zihong Chen, Xiaona Yang, Ningjing Sun, Ling Xu, Yuan Zheng, Yuming Yang. Species diversity and vertical distribution characteristics of Metarhizium in Gaoligong Mountains, southwestern China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2018, 26(12): 1308-1317.

图/表 5

图1 高黎贡山绿僵菌不同物种的菌落及其他真菌材料。(A) M. brunneum的菌落; (B) M. lepidiotae的菌落; (C) M. indigoticum的菌落; (D) M. campsosterni的菌落; (E) M. robertsii的菌落; (F) M. guizhouense的菌落; (G) M. anisopliae的菌落; (H) M. pingshaense的菌落; (I) M. viridulum的菌落; (J) M. pemphigi的菌落; (K) M. rileyi的菌落; (L) Mc. neogunnii的菌落; (M)绿僵菌的诱导分离; (N) M. viridulum的子座; (O) M. rileyi感染鳞翅目幼虫形成的孢子; (P) M. pemphigi感染叶甲形成的孢子; (Q) N. martiale的子实体。A-O和Q的比例尺 = 1 cm; P的比例尺= 0.5 cm。

Fig. 1 Colonies of Metarhizium species and other fungal materials in Gaoligong Mountains. (A) Colony of M. brunneum; (B) Colony of M. lepidiotae; (C) Colony of M. indigoticum; (D) Colony of M. campsosterni; (E) Colony of M. robertsii; (F) Colony of M. guizhouense; (G) Colony of M. anisopliae; (H) Colony of M. pingshaense; (I) Colony of M. viridulum; (J) Colony of M. pemphigi; (K) Colony of M. rileyi; (L) Colony of Mc. neogunnii; (M) The induction and isolation of Metarhizium; (N) Stroma of M. viridulum; (O) Spores of M. rileyi on the infected Lepidoptera larva; (P) Spores of M. pemphigi on the infected beetle larva; (Q) Fruit body of N. martiale. Bar of A-O and Q = 1 cm; Bar of P = 0.5 cm.

表1 高黎贡山绿僵菌属不同物种的菌株数量及生境条件。I: 干热河谷; II: 季风常绿阔叶林; III: 暖性针叶林; IV: 中山暖性常绿阔叶林; V: 山地苔藓矮林; VI: 寒温性灌丛或草甸; VII: 流石滩稀疏植被。

Table 1 Strain numbers and habitat conditions of Metarhizium species in Gaoligong Mountains. I, Dry-hot valley; II, Monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest; III, Warm coniferous forest; IV, Mid-montane humid evergreen broad-leaved forest; V, Mountain moss dwarf forest; VI, Cold shrubs of meadow; VII, Rocky beach sparsely vegetation.

物种 Species	菌株数 strain number	菌株百分比 %	植被类型 Vegetation type	海拔跨度 Altitude span (m)	温度 Temperature (℃)	湿度 Humidity (%)
Metarhizium brunneum	75	46.6	I-VI	600-3,400	13-34	32-80
M. pemphigi	25	15.5	I, II, IV	800-2,119	20-32	39-70
M. pingshaense	11	6.8	I, IV, V	1,925-3,135	15-34	58-74
M. guizhouense	13	8.1	II, IV	1,540-2,280	18-30	57-74
M. rileyi	10	6.2	II, IV	1,780-2,495	17-27	49-54
M. robertsii	5	3.1	I, IV	723-1,981	22-32	52-63
M. indigoticum	4	2.5	II, III	1,512-1,981	22-30	58-59
M. anisopliae	4	2.5	II, III	1,370-1,900	25-30	60-76
Metacordyceps neogunnii	7	4.4	II	1,438	25	65
M. campsosterni	5	3.1	IV	2,022	22	58
M. viridulum	1	0.6	II	1,540	30	57
M. lepidiotae	1	0.6	III	1,765	25	58
Nigelia martiale	-	-	II	1,568	30	60
合计 Total	161	100	6	600-3,400	13-34	32-80

图2 基于5个基因(nrSSU、nrLSU、EF-1α、RPB1和RPB2)核苷酸序列分析获得的绿僵菌属系统发育树。采自高黎贡山的材料被标为黑体字。

Fig. 2 Phylogenetic tree of Metarhizium based on nucleotide sequences of five loci (nrSSU, nrLSU, EF-1α, RPB1and RPB2) dataset. Those from Gaoligong Mountains are marked in bold.

图3 中国新记录种Metarhizium indigoticum (菌株BUM 1512.8)的形态特征。(A)菌落正面; (B)菌落背面; (C)分生孢子链; (D, E)产孢结构。C-E的比例尺 = 5 µm.

Fig. 3 Morphology of the new record species in China, Metarhizium indigoticum (strain BUM 1512.8). (A) Obverse of the colony on PPDA; (B) Reverse of the colony on PPDA; (C) Conidia chains; (D, E) Conidiogenous structures. Bar of C-E = 5 µm.

图4 高黎贡山不同植被类型中绿僵菌的物种及菌株数量。L: 低海拔; M: 中海拔; H: 高海拔。

Fig. 4 Species and strain numbers of Metarhizium in different vegetation types of Gaoligong Mountains. L, Low elevation; M, Middle elevation; H, High elevation.

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中国西南高黎贡山绿僵菌物种多样性及其垂直分布特征

Species diversity and vertical distribution characteristics of Metarhizium in Gaoligong Mountains, southwestern China

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