生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (12): 1267-1275. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017284
所属专题: 生物入侵
王家宜1, 余涵霞1, 赖玉芳1, 万方浩2, 钱万强2, 彭长连1, 李伟华1,*()
收稿日期:
2017-10-23
接受日期:
2017-12-18
出版日期:
2017-12-20
发布日期:
2017-12-10
通讯作者:
李伟华
基金资助:
Jiayi Wang1, Hanxia Yu1, Yufang Lai1, Fanghao Wan2, Wanqiang Qian2, Changlian Peng1, Weihua Li1,*()
Received:
2017-10-23
Accepted:
2017-12-18
Online:
2017-12-20
Published:
2017-12-10
Contact:
Li Weihua
摘要:
薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)是华南地区危害最严重的外来入侵杂草, 对天然次生林及其他生境造成了极大危害。为了探明本地植物粉葛(Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii)对薇甘菊进行替代控制的可能性, 本实验设置了3个水分水平(土壤含水量低于10%、60-70%和120-130%)分别模拟干旱、正常水分(对照)和涝害, 比较了粉葛与薇甘菊对干旱和涝害胁迫的生理响应差异。结果表明, 在干旱胁迫条件下, 薇甘菊的总生物量显著降低, 为对照的72%。在涝害胁迫条件下, 粉葛的总生物量与对照相比上升了16%, 薇甘菊则下降了15%。在干旱条件下, 粉葛的根冠比、叶绿素含量均显著高于对照(P < 0.05), 恢复正常水分后仍维持在较高水平; 薇甘菊的根冠比则与对照无显著差异(P > 0.05), 仅叶绿素含量显著高于对照(P < 0.05), 在恢复正常水分后低于正常水平。这可能与粉葛体内积累了较多的渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性糖有关。在涝害条件下, 粉葛的丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量约为对照的2.1倍, 薇甘菊则为对照的3.0倍; 恢复正常水平后, 薇甘菊和粉葛的MDA含量仍维持在较高水平, 分别为对照组的1.72倍和1.45倍, 显示粉葛受涝害影响的膜脂过氧化水平低于薇甘菊。可见, 粉葛比薇甘菊有更强的抗干旱能力和抗涝害能力, 对水分胁迫有更强的抗逆性, 抵抗力指数也印证了这一点。这为选用粉葛对华南地区天然次生林林缘或林窗生境薇甘菊的替代控制提供了理论支持。
王家宜, 余涵霞, 赖玉芳, 万方浩, 钱万强, 彭长连, 李伟华 (2017) 入侵杂草薇甘菊与本地植物粉葛对水分胁迫的生理响应. 生物多样性, 25, 1267-1275. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017284.
Jiayi Wang, Hanxia Yu, Yufang Lai, Fanghao Wan, Wanqiang Qian, Changlian Peng, Weihua Li (2017) Physiological response of the invasive weed Mikania micrantha and the native species Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii to water stress. Biodiversity Science, 25, 1267-1275. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017284.
图1 水分胁迫与恢复正常水分后粉葛(P)和薇甘菊(M)根长与株高的变化(平均值 ± 标准差, n = 5)。处理(T): 对照、干旱、涝害; 恢复(R): 恢复土壤水分至60-70%。Dunnett检验, *表示同种植物处理组与对照组之间差异显著(P < 0.05), **表示同种植物处理组与对照组之间差异极显著(P < 0.01)。
Fig. 1 Changes of root length and plant height of Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii (P) and Mikania micrantha (M) after water stress and restoration to normal water content(mean ± SD, n = 5). Treatments (T), control, drought and waterlogging; Recovery (R), recovery of water content to 60-70%. Dunnett-test, * indicated significant difference between treatment and control group in the same plant (P < 0.05), ** indicated highly significant difference between treatment and control group (P < 0.01).
图2 水分胁迫与恢复正常水分后粉葛(P)和薇甘菊(M)总生物量与根冠比的变化(平均值 ± 标准差, n = 5)。图中字母简写和Dunnett显著性检验同图1。
Fig. 2 Changes of total biomass and root-shoot ratio of Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii (P) and Mikania micrantha (M) after water stress and restoration to normal water content(mean ± SD, n = 5). The abbreviations and Dunnett-test were same as those in Fig. 1.
图3 水分胁迫与恢复正常水分后粉葛(P)和薇甘菊(M)的丙二醛含量(平均值 ± 标准差, n = 5)。图中字母简写和Dunnett显著性检验同图1。
Fig. 3 Contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) in Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii (P) and Mikania micrantha (M) after water stress and restoration to normal water content (mean ± SD, n = 5). The abbreviations and Dunnett-test were same as those in Fig. 1.
图4 水分胁迫与恢复正常水分后粉葛(P)和薇甘菊(M)的脯氨酸与可溶性糖含量比较(平均值 ± 标准差, n = 5)。图中字母简写和Dunnett显著性检验同图1。
Fig. 4 Comparison of proline and soluble sugar content between Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii (P) and Mikania micrantha (M) after water stress and restoring to normal water content(mean ± SD, n = 5). The abbreviations and Dunnett-test were same as those in Fig. 1.
土壤含水量 Water content (%) | 粉葛处理 P treatments | 粉葛恢复 P recovery | 薇甘菊处理 M treatments | 薇甘菊恢复 M recovery |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照 Control (60-70) | 1.76 ± 0.10 | 1.44 ± 0.08 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.40 ± 0.05 |
干旱 Drought (0-10) | 3.35 ± 0.29** | 1.43 ± 0.12 | 1.91 ± 0.07** | 0.25 ± 0.03** |
涝害 Waterlogging (120-130) | 1.59 ± 0.35 | 1.50 ± 0.09* | 1.26 ± 0.20** | 0.26 ± 0.02** |
表1 水分胁迫条件下粉葛(P)和薇甘菊(M)叶绿素含量(mg/g)的变化(平均值 ± 标准差, n = 5)
Table 1 Changes of chlorophyll content of Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii (P) and Mikania micrantha (M) under water stress (mg/g) (mean ± SD, n = 5)
土壤含水量 Water content (%) | 粉葛处理 P treatments | 粉葛恢复 P recovery | 薇甘菊处理 M treatments | 薇甘菊恢复 M recovery |
---|---|---|---|---|
对照 Control (60-70) | 1.76 ± 0.10 | 1.44 ± 0.08 | 0.94 ± 0.07 | 0.40 ± 0.05 |
干旱 Drought (0-10) | 3.35 ± 0.29** | 1.43 ± 0.12 | 1.91 ± 0.07** | 0.25 ± 0.03** |
涝害 Waterlogging (120-130) | 1.59 ± 0.35 | 1.50 ± 0.09* | 1.26 ± 0.20** | 0.26 ± 0.02** |
干旱 Drought | 涝害 Waterlogging | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粉葛 P | 薇甘菊 M | Dunnett检验 Dunnett-test | 粉葛 P | 薇甘菊 M | Dunnett检验 Dunnett-test | |
根长 Root length | 0.67 ± 0.15 | 0.73 ± 0.05 | ns | 0.75 ± 0.08 | 0.58 ± 0.07 | ns |
株高 Plant height | 0.83 ± 0.04 | 0.84 ± 0.18 | ns | 0.88 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.04 | ns |
生物量 Biomass | 0.76 ± 0.09 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | * | 0.72 ± 0.38 | 0.76 ± 0.17 | ns |
丙二醛 Malondialdehyde | 0.08 ± 0.001 | 0.02 ± 0.001 | ** | -0.02 ± 0.003 | -0.33 ± 0.06 | ** |
脯氨酸 Proline | 0.58 ± 0.23 | -0.69 ± 0.007 | ** | 0.44 ± 0.03 | 0.89 ± 0.03 | ** |
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | -0.07 ± 0.07 | -0.45 ± 0.13 | * | 0.32 ± 0.11 | 0.001 ± 0.04 | ** |
叶绿素 Chlorophyll | 0.05 ± 0.01 | -0.01 ± 0.02 | ** | 0.68 ± 0.1 | 0.54 ± 0.15 | ns |
表2 水分胁迫条件下粉葛(P)和薇甘菊(M)不同指标抵抗力指数的比较(平均值 ± 标准差, n = 3)
Table 2 Comparison of resistance index in Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii (P) and Mikania micrantha (M) under water stress (mean ± SD, n = 3)
干旱 Drought | 涝害 Waterlogging | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粉葛 P | 薇甘菊 M | Dunnett检验 Dunnett-test | 粉葛 P | 薇甘菊 M | Dunnett检验 Dunnett-test | |
根长 Root length | 0.67 ± 0.15 | 0.73 ± 0.05 | ns | 0.75 ± 0.08 | 0.58 ± 0.07 | ns |
株高 Plant height | 0.83 ± 0.04 | 0.84 ± 0.18 | ns | 0.88 ± 0.09 | 0.88 ± 0.04 | ns |
生物量 Biomass | 0.76 ± 0.09 | 0.57 ± 0.05 | * | 0.72 ± 0.38 | 0.76 ± 0.17 | ns |
丙二醛 Malondialdehyde | 0.08 ± 0.001 | 0.02 ± 0.001 | ** | -0.02 ± 0.003 | -0.33 ± 0.06 | ** |
脯氨酸 Proline | 0.58 ± 0.23 | -0.69 ± 0.007 | ** | 0.44 ± 0.03 | 0.89 ± 0.03 | ** |
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | -0.07 ± 0.07 | -0.45 ± 0.13 | * | 0.32 ± 0.11 | 0.001 ± 0.04 | ** |
叶绿素 Chlorophyll | 0.05 ± 0.01 | -0.01 ± 0.02 | ** | 0.68 ± 0.1 | 0.54 ± 0.15 | ns |
干旱 Drought | 涝害 Waterlogging | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粉葛 P | 薇甘菊 M | Dunnett检验 Dunnett-test | 粉葛 P | 薇甘菊 M | Dunnett检验 Dunnett-test | |
根长 Root length | -0.39 ± 0.15 | 0.31 ± 0.13 | ** | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.77 ± 0.19 | ** |
株高 Plant height | -0.65 ± 0.03 | -0.73 ± 0.27 | ns | -0.64 ± 0.26 | -0.52 ± 0.26 | ns |
生物量 Biomass | -0.88 ± 0.04 | -0.76 ± 0.02 | ** | -0.84 ± 0.22 | -0.84 ± 0.11 | ns |
丙二醛 Malondialdehyde | 0.66 ± 0.26 | 0.76 ± 0.11 | ns | 0.14 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.17 | ns |
脯氨酸 Proline | 0.49 ± 0.3 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | ns | 0.54 ± 0.06 | -0.62 ± 0.27 | ** |
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | -0.17 ± 0.1 | 0.39 ± 0.06 | ** | -0.08 ± 0.02 | -0.26 ± 0.02 | ** |
叶绿素 Chlorophyll | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 0.75 ± 0.03 | ** | 0.50 ± 0.09 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | * |
表3 水分胁迫条件下粉葛(P)和薇甘菊(M)不同指标恢复力指数的比较(平均值 ± 标准差, n = 3)
Table 3 Comparison of resilience index in Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii (P) and Mikania micrantha (M) under water stress (mean ± SD, n = 3)
干旱 Drought | 涝害 Waterlogging | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
粉葛 P | 薇甘菊 M | Dunnett检验 Dunnett-test | 粉葛 P | 薇甘菊 M | Dunnett检验 Dunnett-test | |
根长 Root length | -0.39 ± 0.15 | 0.31 ± 0.13 | ** | 0.25 ± 0.03 | 0.77 ± 0.19 | ** |
株高 Plant height | -0.65 ± 0.03 | -0.73 ± 0.27 | ns | -0.64 ± 0.26 | -0.52 ± 0.26 | ns |
生物量 Biomass | -0.88 ± 0.04 | -0.76 ± 0.02 | ** | -0.84 ± 0.22 | -0.84 ± 0.11 | ns |
丙二醛 Malondialdehyde | 0.66 ± 0.26 | 0.76 ± 0.11 | ns | 0.14 ± 0.06 | 0.34 ± 0.17 | ns |
脯氨酸 Proline | 0.49 ± 0.3 | 0.85 ± 0.06 | ns | 0.54 ± 0.06 | -0.62 ± 0.27 | ** |
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar | -0.17 ± 0.1 | 0.39 ± 0.06 | ** | -0.08 ± 0.02 | -0.26 ± 0.02 | ** |
叶绿素 Chlorophyll | 0.96 ± 0.04 | 0.75 ± 0.03 | ** | 0.50 ± 0.09 | 0.32 ± 0.01 | * |
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