生物多样性 ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (4): 437-448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016295
• 保护论坛 • 上一篇
孙润1, 王双玲1,*(), 吴林巧1, 安辉2, 覃世赢1, 刘有军2, 谭伟福1
收稿日期:
2016-10-12
接受日期:
2017-02-07
出版日期:
2017-04-20
发布日期:
2017-04-20
通讯作者:
王双玲
基金资助:
Run Sun1, Shuangling Wang1,*(), Linqiao Wu1, Hui An2, Shiying Qin1, Youjun Liu2, Weifu Tan1
Received:
2016-10-12
Accepted:
2017-02-07
Online:
2017-04-20
Published:
2017-04-20
Contact:
Wang Shuangling
摘要:
协调自然保护区与社区的关系, 需要了解社区的发展特点与意愿诉求。2014年9-11月, 我们对广西十万大山国家级自然保护区涉及的151个自然屯进行了调查。调查采用半结构式访谈和关键人物访谈法, 结合文献法、季节历、市场调查分析、参与式山林考察、社区需求分析等方法, 并于2015年开展了深入保护区内社区农户的精准扶贫调查作为补充。根据调查, 得出以下结论: (1)社区是少数民族聚居区, 以林地资源为主, 对保护区资源依赖程度较强, 基础设施整体发展不足, 市场化水平不高, 缺乏发展资金; (2)社区发展意愿多样, 但依然集中在生存需求方面; (3)社区对保护区的诉求主要表现在基础设施建设以及森林资源利用方面。本研究根据目前社区所处的发展阶段, 结合保护区面临的威胁、发展策略以及生物资源分布特征等, 从优先关注区域、关注人群、关注项目等方面探讨了保护区与社区协调发展途径, 并给出发展项目建议, 包括栖息地恢复与人工林生态改造、社区生计替代相结合, 提高生态公益林补助, 重点关注与落实保护区内分布社区的发展意愿与行为诉求, 丰富社区发展内涵等, 同时建立社区共管委员会、开展人员培训与自然保护宣传教育。本项研究探讨了在开展社区工作初期时的工作方法与内容, 并建议下一步可向微观与宏观两个方向发展, 即建立村级、家庭的和谐指标评价体系和联合一切可以联合的相关利益群体做好社区工作的法制化与标准化, 保护区与社区产生良好的社会效应。这种思路对自然保护区其他方面的建设管理也具有借鉴意义。
孙润, 王双玲, 吴林巧, 安辉, 覃世赢, 刘有军, 谭伟福 (2017) 保护区与社区如何协调发展: 以广西十万大山国家级自然保护区为例. 生物多样性, 25, 437-448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016295.
Run Sun, Shuangling Wang, Linqiao Wu, Hui An, Shiying Qin, Youjun Liu, Weifu Tan (2017) How to balance development between nature reserves and community: a case study in Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve, Guangxi. Biodiversity Science, 25, 437-448. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2016295.
项目 Development items | 发展意愿 Willingness | 希望保护区支持的优先发展项目 Priority items supported by the NR | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
保护区社区 Communities within and around the NR | 保护区内社区 Communities within the NR | 保护区社区 Communities within and around the NR | 保护区内社区 Communities within the NR | ||
基础设施 Infrastructure | 危房改造 Damaged housing rehabilitation | 53 | 10 | 1 | 0 |
修路 Building road | 84 | 16 | 48 | 16 | |
修桥 Building bridge | 19 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |
饮水工程 Drinking water project | 71 | 4 | 21 | 1 | |
水利工程 Irrigation project engineering | 14 | 4 | 10 | 3 | |
电力工程 Electricity supply project | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
其他基础设施建设 Other infrastructures | 19 | 4 | 5 | 2 | |
种植业和养殖业 Planting and breeding | 种植业 Planting | 115 | 27 | 10 | 0 |
养殖业 Livestock raising | 110 | 15 | 17 | 0 | |
割松脂 Resin tapping | 4 | 10 | 2 | 0 | |
改造林木 Tree improvement | 11 | 0 | 4 | 3 | |
其他就业 Other occupation | 旅游 Tourism | 12 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
务工 Migrant work | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
保护区提供就业 Employed by the NR | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
自主创业 Self-employment | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
扶持项目 Supportive items | 技术扶持 Technique support | 79 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
政策扶持 Policy support | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
资金扶持 Financial support | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
其他 Others | 落实生态公益林补助 Delivering the forest compensation for its ecological function | 11 | 0 | 5 | 3 |
提高生态公益林补助 Improving the forest compensation for its ecological function | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 | |
解决土地权属纠纷 Resolution of land ownership dispute | 7 | 2 | 4 | 0 | |
村屯绿化 Village greening | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
表1 广西十万大山国家级自然保护区社区发展意愿及希望保护区优先扶持项目统计表(单位: 屯)
Table 1 Development willingness and demands of the communities within and around Shiwandashan National Nature Reserve (NR) (unit: number of resident sites)
项目 Development items | 发展意愿 Willingness | 希望保护区支持的优先发展项目 Priority items supported by the NR | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
保护区社区 Communities within and around the NR | 保护区内社区 Communities within the NR | 保护区社区 Communities within and around the NR | 保护区内社区 Communities within the NR | ||
基础设施 Infrastructure | 危房改造 Damaged housing rehabilitation | 53 | 10 | 1 | 0 |
修路 Building road | 84 | 16 | 48 | 16 | |
修桥 Building bridge | 19 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |
饮水工程 Drinking water project | 71 | 4 | 21 | 1 | |
水利工程 Irrigation project engineering | 14 | 4 | 10 | 3 | |
电力工程 Electricity supply project | 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
其他基础设施建设 Other infrastructures | 19 | 4 | 5 | 2 | |
种植业和养殖业 Planting and breeding | 种植业 Planting | 115 | 27 | 10 | 0 |
养殖业 Livestock raising | 110 | 15 | 17 | 0 | |
割松脂 Resin tapping | 4 | 10 | 2 | 0 | |
改造林木 Tree improvement | 11 | 0 | 4 | 3 | |
其他就业 Other occupation | 旅游 Tourism | 12 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
务工 Migrant work | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
保护区提供就业 Employed by the NR | 4 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
自主创业 Self-employment | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
扶持项目 Supportive items | 技术扶持 Technique support | 79 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
政策扶持 Policy support | 9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
资金扶持 Financial support | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
其他 Others | 落实生态公益林补助 Delivering the forest compensation for its ecological function | 11 | 0 | 5 | 3 |
提高生态公益林补助 Improving the forest compensation for its ecological function | 5 | 0 | 6 | 0 | |
解决土地权属纠纷 Resolution of land ownership dispute | 7 | 2 | 4 | 0 | |
村屯绿化 Village greening | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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