川西周公山柳杉人工林群落的边缘效应

doi:10.17520/biods.2015349

生物多样性 ›› 2016, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (8): 940-947. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015349 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2015349

川西周公山柳杉人工林群落的边缘效应

王德艺^1,², 郝建锋^1,^*(), 李艳¹, 齐锦秋¹, 裴曾莉¹, 黄雨佳¹, 蒋倩¹, 陈亚¹

1 四川农业大学林学院, 成都 611130
2 中国科学院植物研究所系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 北京 100093

收稿日期:2015-12-10 接受日期:2015-12-10 出版日期:2016-08-20 发布日期:2016-09-02
通讯作者: 郝建锋
基金资助:
四川省教育厅一般项目(自然科学) (15ZB0020)、国家自然科学基金(31370628)、国家科技支撑计划(2011BAC09B05)和四川农业大学双支计划博士专项基金(00370401)

Examination of edge effects in a Cryptomeria fortunei plantation in Zhougong Mountain, western Sichuan

Deyi Wang^1,², Jianfeng Hao^1,^*(), Yan Li¹, Jinqiu Qi¹, Zengli Pei¹, Yujia Huang¹, Qian Jiang¹, Ya Chen¹

1 College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
2 State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093

Received:2015-12-10 Accepted:2015-12-10 Online:2016-08-20 Published:2016-09-02
Contact: Hao Jianfeng

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究人工林群落的边缘效应特征, 本文以川西周公山森林公园的柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)人工林破碎化大斑块为对象, 以植株平均胸径、平均高度、平均密度、丰富度指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener指数(H)来综合衡量边缘效应深度。在实地踏查的基础上, 从林缘向林内(梯度1至梯度5)设置5条样带(宽度为10 m), 在每条样带中设置4个10 m × 10 m的小样方进行调查。结果表明: (1)从物种组成上看, 在总面积为2,000 m²的20个小样方中共记录到111个物种, 隶属于54科96属, 物种数从林缘至林内递减。(2)从群落结构上看, 乔木层的平均胸径从林缘至林内呈减小趋势, 平均密度则相反, 平均高度无显著变化; 灌木层的平均密度从林缘向林内减小, 平均高度无显著变化; 草本层的平均密度和平均高度均呈减小趋势。(3)从物种多样性上看, 总体上各层次的丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener指数均从林缘向林内呈减小趋势, 其中灌木层和草本层的变化趋势最明显; 同时, 林内各梯度与梯度1 (林缘)的共有种和相似性系数从林缘向林内递减。(4)分析各项群落特征发现, 平均高度、平均密度和相似性系数的数值在梯度2向梯度3过渡时的起伏变化最明显, 推断本研究中柳杉人工林斑块的边缘深度可达林内20 m。

关键词: 边缘效应, 柳杉人工林, 物种多样性, 群落结构, 物种组成

Abstract

To investigate edge effects on community structure, species composition and diversity in an artificial forest, research was conducted on Zhougong Mountain, a forest park in western Sichuan, and a large fragmented plantation of Cryptomeria fortunei was selected as the sample plot. The average DBH (diameter at breast height), average height, average density, richness index (D) and Shannon-Wiener index (H) were used to evaluate edge effects. Based on a field survey, 5 transects (width = 10 m) were established from the edge to interior forest (gradient 1 to gradient 5), and 4 small plots (10 m × 10 m) were chosen in each transect using a random sampling method. Results showed that 111 species, belonging to 96 genera and 54 families were recorded in 20 small plots with a total area of 2,000 m². The following results were also found in this investigation: (1) The number of species decreased away from the edge to forest interior. (2) In terms of community structure, a decrease of average DBH was found in the tree layer with the increase of edge gradients. Average density followed the opposite pattern and no significant differences were found in average height. In the shrub layer, average density decreased with the increase of edge gradients and no significant differences were found in average height. Average density and height both decreased from the edge to interior forest in the herb layer. (3) Based on the analysis of species diversity, richness index (D) and Shannon-Wiener index (H) of the plantation, decreased values were generally found with an increase of edge gradients, and were much more obvious in the shrub and herb layer. Moreover, the number of common species and Sørensen’s similarity coefficient between edge gradients in the forest interior and edge 1 both showed a decreasing trend from the edge to interior forest. (4) Based on a comprehensive analysis, a clear change of community was found between edge 2 and edge 3, indicating that edge effects can reach 20 m into the fragmented patch of the Cryptomeria fortunei plantation.

Key words: edge effect, Cryptomeria fortunei plantation, species diversity, community structure, species composition

王德艺, 郝建锋, 李艳, 齐锦秋, 裴曾莉, 黄雨佳, 蒋倩, 陈亚 (2016) 川西周公山柳杉人工林群落的边缘效应. 生物多样性, 24, 940-947. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015349.

Deyi Wang, Jianfeng Hao, Yan Li, Jinqiu Qi, Zengli Pei, Yujia Huang, Qian Jiang, Ya Chen (2016) Examination of edge effects in a Cryptomeria fortunei plantation in Zhougong Mountain, western Sichuan. Biodiversity Science, 24, 940-947. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015349.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/10.17520/biods.2015349

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/Y2016/V24/I8/940

图/表 8

图1 柳杉人工林群落的物种组成

Fig. 1 Composition of species, genus and family in Cryptomeria fortunei plantation

图2 柳杉人工林各边缘梯度的物种数

Fig. 2 Number of species of each edge gradient in Cryptomeria fortunei plantation

图3 不同边缘梯度下周公山柳杉人工林乔木层的平均胸径(DBH)和平均高度(H) (平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示梯度间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 3 The average diameter at breast height (DBH) and average height (H) in the tree layer of Cryptomeria fortunei plantation of different edge gradients (mean ± SD). Different small letters mean significant difference at 0.05 level among gradients.

图4 不同边缘梯度下柳杉人工林灌木层和草本层的平均高度(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示梯度间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 4 The average height in shrub and herb layers of Cryptomeria fortunei plantation of different edge gradients. Different small letters mean significant difference at 0.05 level among gradients.

图5 不同边缘梯度下柳杉人工林不同层次的平均密度(平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示梯度间差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 5 The average density in different layers of Cryptomeria fortunei plantation of different edge gradients. Different small letters mean significant difference at 0.05 level among gradients.

图6 柳杉人工林各层次的丰富度指数(D)值和Shannon-Wiener指数(H) (平均值±标准差)。不同小写字母表示梯度间的D或H值差异显著(P < 0.05)。

Fig. 6 Richness index (D) and Shannon-Wiener index (H) in different layers of Cryptomeria fortunei plantation of different edge gradients. Different small letters mean significant difference of D (H) at 0.05 level among gradients.

表1 柳杉人工林毗邻的边缘梯度间的共有植物种数与Sørensen相似性系数

Table 1 The number of common species and Sørensen’s similarity coefficient between adjacent edge gradients in Cryptomeria fortunei plantation

两两边缘梯度之间 Between edge gradients	梯度1-梯度2 Gradient 1-gradient 2	梯度2-梯度3 Gradient 2-gradient3	梯度3-梯度4 Gradient 3-gradient 4	梯度4-梯度5 Gradient 4-gradient 5
共有种数 Number of common species	45	34	27	31
相似性系数 Sørensen’s similarity coefficient	0.69	0.60	0.54	0.67

表2 柳杉人工林其他边缘梯度与梯度1的共有植物种数与Sørensen相似性系数

Table 2 The number of common species and Sørensen’s similarity coefficient between gradient 1 and the other edge gradients in Cryptomeria fortunei plantation

两两边缘梯度之间 Between edge gradients	梯度1-梯度2 Gradient 1-gradient 2	梯度1-梯度3 Gradient 1-gradient 3	梯度1-梯度4 Gradient 1-gradient 4	梯度1-梯度5 Gradient 1-gradient 5
共有种数 Number of common species	45	35	29	30
相似性系数 Sørensen’s similarity coefficient	0.69	0.56	0.50	0.52

参考文献 30

[1]	Aguilar R, Ashworth L, Galetto L, Aizen MA (2006) Plant reproductive susceptibility to habitat fragmentation: review and synthesis through a meta-analysis. Ecology Letters, 9, 968-980.
[2]	Caruso A, Rudolphi J, Rydin H (2011) Positive edge effects on forest-interior cryptogams in clear-cuts. PLoS ONE, 6, e27936.
[3]	Chen LD, Xu JY, Fu BJ, Lü YH (2004) Quantitative assessment of patch edge effects and its ecological implications. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 24, 1827-1832. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[陈利顶, 徐建英, 傅伯杰, 吕一河 (2004) 斑块边缘效应的定量评价及其生态学意义. 生态学报, 24, 1827-1832.]
[4]	Collinge SK (1996) Ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation: implications for landscape architecture and planning. Landscape and Urban Planning, 36, 59-77.
[5]	Damschen EI, Haddad NM, Orrock JL, Tewksbury JJ, Levey DJ (2006) Corridors increase plant species richness at large scales. Science, 313, 1284-1286.
[6]	Ewers RM, Didham RK (2006) Confounding factors in the detection of species responses to habitat fragmentation. Biological Reviews, 81, 117-142.
[7]	Ewers RM, Didham RK, Fahrig L, Ferraz G, Hector A, Holt RD, Kapos V, Reynolds G, Sinun W, Snaddon JL, Turner EC (2011) A large-scale forest fragmentation experiment: the stability of altered forest ecosystems project. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 366, 3292-3302.
[8]	Fang JY, Wang XP, Shen ZH, Tang ZY, He JS, Yu D, Jiang Y, Wang ZH, Zheng CY, Zhu JL, Guo ZD (2009) Methods and protocols for plant community inventory. Biodiversity Science, 17, 533-548. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[方精云, 王襄平, 沈泽昊, 唐志尧, 贺金生, 于丹, 江源, 王志恒, 郑成洋, 朱江玲, 郭兆迪 (2009) 植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范. 生物多样性, 17, 533-548.]
[9]	Gavish Y, Ziv Y, Rosenzweig ML (2012) Decoupling fragmentation from habitat loss for spiders in patchy agricultural landscapes. Conservation Biology, 26, 150-159.
[10]	Huggett AJ (2005) The concept and utility of “ecological thresholds” in biodiversity conservation. Biological Conservation, 124, 301-310.
[11]	Kooyman RM, Zanne AE, Gallagher RV, Cornwell W, Rossetto M, O’Connor P, Parkes EA, Catterall CF, Laffan SW, Lusk CH (2013) Effects of growth form and functional traits on response of woody plants to clearing and fragmentation of subtropical rainforest. Conservation Biology, 27, 1468-1477.
[12]	Kunin WE (1998) Biodiversity at the edge: a test of the importance of spatial ‘‘mass effects’’ in the Rothamsted Park grass experiments. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 95, 207-212.
[13]	Lian ZM, Yu GZ (2000) Edge effect and biodiversity. Chinese Biodiversity, 8, 120-125. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[廉振民, 于广志 (2000) 边缘效应与生物多样性. 生物多样性, 8, 120-125.]
[14]	Lindenmayer DB, Fischer J (2007) Tackling the habitat fragmentation panchreston. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 22, 127-132.
[15]	Lindenmayer DB, Fischer J, Cunningham RB (2005) Native vegetation cover thresholds associated with species responses. Biological Conservation, 124, 311-316.
[16]	Lindenmayer DB, Franklin JF, Fischer J (2006) General management principles and a checklist of strategies to guide forest biodiversity conservation. Biological Conservation, 131, 433-445.
[17]	Liu CR, Ma KP, Lü YH, Kang YL (1998) Measurement of biotic diversity. VI. The statistical aspects of diversity measures. Chinese Biodiversity, 6, 229-239. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘灿然, 马克平, 吕延华, 康永亮 (1998) 生物群落多样性的测度方法.VI. 与多样性测度有关的统计问题. 生物多样性, 6, 229-239.]
[18]	Liu YG, Wang Q, Wang J (2012) Landscape pattern and patch stability in Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 40(4), 31-33. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[刘延国, 王青, 王军 (2012) 九寨沟自然保护区景观格局及其斑块稳定性. 东北林业大学学报, 40(4), 31-33.]
[19]	Ma WZ, Liu WY, Yang LP, Yang GP (2008) Edge effects on epiphytes in montane moist evergreen broad-leaved forest. Biodiversity Science, 16, 245-254. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[马文章, 刘文耀, 杨礼攀, 杨国平 (2008) 边缘效应对山地湿性常绿阔叶林附生植物的影响. 生物多样性, 16, 245-254.]
[20]	Niu KC, Liu YN, Shen ZH, He FL, Fang JY (2009) Community assembly: the relative importance of neutral theory and niche theory. Biodiversity Science, 17, 579-593. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[牛克昌, 刘怿宁, 沈泽昊, 何芳良, 方精云 (2009) 群落构建的中性理论和生态位理论. 生物多样性, 17, 579-593.]
[21]	Su XF, Yuan JY, Hu YG, Xu GF, Yu JM (2014) Edge effect of plant community structure on land-bridge island in the Thousand Island Lake. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 25, 77-84. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[苏晓飞, 袁金凤, 胡摇广, 徐高福, 于明坚 (2014) 千岛湖陆桥岛屿植物群落结构的边缘效应. 应用生态学报, 25, 77-84.]
[22]	Sun Q, Lu JB, Wu JG, Zhang FF (2008) Effects of island area on plant species distribution and conservation implications in the Thousand Island Lake region. Biodiversity Science, 16, 1-7. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[孙雀, 卢剑波, 邬建国, 张凤凤 (2008) 千岛湖库区岛屿面积对植物分布的影响及植物物种多样性保护研究. 生物多样性, 16, 1-7.]
[23]	Tian C, Yang XB, Liu Y (2011) Edge effect and its impacts on forest ecosystem: a review. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 22, 2184-2192. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[田超, 杨新兵, 刘阳 (2011) 边缘效应及其对森林生态系统影响的研究进展. 应用生态学报, 22, 2184-2192.]
[24]	Tscharntke T, Tylianakis JM, Rand TA, Didham RK, Fahrig L, Batáry P, Bengtsson J, Clough Y, Crist TO, Dormann CF, Ewers RM, Fründ J, Holt RD, Holzschuh A, Klein AM, Kleijn D, Kremen C, Landis DA, Laurance W, Lindenmayer D, Scherber C, Sodhi N, Steffan-Dewenter I, Thies C, van der Putten WH, Westphal C ( 2012) Landscape moderation of biodiversity patterns and processes -- eight hypotheses. Biological Reviews, 87, 661-685.
[25]	Wang RX, Ma SJ (1985) Edge effect and its application in economic ecology. Chinese Journal of Ecology, (02), 38-42. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[王如松, 马世骏 (1985) 边缘效应及其在经济生态学中的应用. 生态学杂志, (02), 38-42.]
[26]	Watling JI, Donnelly MA (2006) Fragments as islands: a synthesis of faunal responses to habitat patchiness. Conservation Biology, 20, 1016-1025.
[27]	Wu YN, Tao JP, Xi WM, Zhao K, Hao JH (2011) The edge effects on tree-liana relationship in a secondary natural forest in Bawangling Nature Reserve, Hainan Island, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 31, 3054-3059. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[乌玉娜, 陶建平, 奚为民, 赵科, 郝建辉 (2011) 海南霸王岭天然次生林边缘效应下木质藤本与树木的关系. 生态学报, 31, 3054-3059.]
[28]	Zeng SL, Zhang TT, Gao Y, Li B, Fang CM, Flory SL, Zhao B (2012) Road effects on vegetation composition in a saline environment. Journal of Plant Ecology, 5, 206-218.
[29]	Zhao YH, Lei RD, He XY, Jia X (2004) Niche characteristics of plant populations in Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata stands in Qinling Mountains. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 15, 913-918. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[赵永华, 雷瑞德, 何兴元, 贾夏 (2004) 秦岭锐齿栎林种群生态位特征研究. 应用生态学报, 15, 913-918.]
[30]	Zhou P, Ding CB (2011) Floristic analysis of seed plants in Zhougong Mountain Forest Park. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 32, 103-106. (in Chinese with English abstract)
	[周平, 丁春邦 (2011) 雅安周公山森林公园种子植物及其区系特征. 四川林业科技, 32, 103-106.]

川西周公山柳杉人工林群落的边缘效应

Examination of edge effects in a Cryptomeria fortunei plantation in Zhougong Mountain, western Sichuan

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 8

参考文献 30

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	吴晓晴张美惠葛苏婷李漫淑宋坤沈国春达良俊张健. 上海近自然林重建过程中木本植物物种多样性与地上生物量的时空动态——以闵行区生态岛为例[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(5): 24444-.
[2]	王太, 宋福俊, 张永胜, 娄忠玉, 张艳萍, 杜岩岩. 河西走廊内陆河水系鱼类多样性及资源现状[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24387-.
[3]	张晶晶, 黄文彬, 陈奕廷, 杨泽鹏, 柯伟业, 彭昭杰, 魏世超, 张志伟, 胡怡思, 余文华, 周文良. 广东南澎列岛海洋生态国家级自然保护区造礁石珊瑚多样性及分布特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24424-.
[4]	张明燡, 王晓梅, 郑言鑫, 吴楠, 李东浩, 樊恩源, 李娜, 单秀娟, 于涛, 赵春暖, 李波, 徐帅, 吴玉萍, 任利群. 黄河口典型牡蛎礁分布区资源状况和栖息地功能[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(4): 24208-.
[5]	仝淼, 王欢, 张文双, 王超, 宋建潇. 重金属污染土壤中细菌抗生素抗性基因分布特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(3): 24101-.
[6]	马文俊, 刘思嘉, 李柯懋, 简生龙, 薛长安, 韩庆祥, 魏金良, 陈生学, 牛依萌, 崔洲平, 隋瑞臣, 田菲, 赵凯. 青海省长江源区鱼类分布及多样性格局[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(2): 24494-.
[7]	尚华丹, 张楚晴, 王梅, 裴文娅, 李国宏, 王鸿斌. 中国杨树害虫物种多样性及其地理分布[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(2): 24370-.
[8]	吴昱萱, 王平, 胡晓生, 丁一, 彭甜恬, 植秋滢, 巴德木其其格, 李文杰, 关潇, 李俊生. 呼伦贝尔草地退化现状评估与植被特征变化[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(2): 24118-.
[9]	李艳朋, 陈洁, 卢春洋, 许涵. 海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林64 ha次生林动态监测样地群落结构特征[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(2): 24445-.
[10]	陈自宏, 张翼飞, 陈凯, 陈见影, 徐玲. 高黎贡山南段昆虫病原真菌物种多样性及影响因素[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(1): 24228-.
[11]	谭珂, 宁瑶, 王仁芬, 王晴, 梁丹萍, 辛子兵, 温放. 中国苦苣苔科植物名录与地理分布数据集[J]. 生物多样性, 2025, 33(1): 23275-.
[12]	韩佳楠, 苏杨, 李霏, 刘君妍, 赵依林, 李琳, 赵建成, 梁红柱, 李敏. 河北省苔藓植物多样性[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(9): 24096-.
[13]	魏诗雨, 宋天骄, 罗佳宜, 张燕, 赵子萱, 茹靖雯, 易华, 林雁冰. 秦岭火地塘针叶林土壤细菌群落的海拔分布格局[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(9): 24180-.
[14]	李东红, 郝媛媛, 甘辉林, 张航, 刘耀猛, 他富源, 胡桂馨. 祁连山北麓中段不同类型草地蝗虫种类及分布[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(9): 24119-.
[15]	牛红玉, 陈璐, 赵恒月, 古丽扎尔·阿不都克力木, 张洪茂. 城市化对动物的影响: 从群落到个体[J]. 生物多样性, 2024, 32(8): 23489-.