生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 725-732. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015147 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2015147
所属专题: 生态保护红线专题
刘军会1, 邹长新2,*(), 高吉喜2, 马苏1, 王文杰1, 吴坤3, 刘洋1
收稿日期:
2015-06-01
接受日期:
2015-08-17
出版日期:
2015-11-20
发布日期:
2015-12-02
通讯作者:
邹长新
基金资助:
Junhui Liu1, Changxin Zou2,*(), Jixi Gao2, Su Ma1, Wenjie Wang1, Kun Wu3, Yang Liu1
Received:
2015-06-01
Accepted:
2015-08-17
Online:
2015-11-20
Published:
2015-12-02
Contact:
Zou Changxin
摘要:
中国生态环境脆弱区既是生态退化区域, 也是贫困人口集中分布区, 但其空间分布范围至今仍然不明确。本研究针对土地沙化、水土流失和石漠化等典型生态问题, 采用遥感和GIS技术, 建立评价指标体系及评价模型, 综合评价了全国生态环境敏感性, 定量揭示敏感性空间分布特征。在此基础上, 结合政府文件和已有的研究成果, 识别出全国生态脆弱区分布范围。结果显示, 生态极敏感区主要分布在我国西北干旱/半干旱地区、西南湿润地区、东南湿润地区以及黄土高原丘陵沟壑区; 高度敏感区主要分布在阿尔泰山、天山、阴山南麓、科尔沁沙地、呼伦贝尔沙地、羌塘高原西部、横断山和东南丘陵山地等区域。在全国划定了18个重点生态脆弱区, 总面积240.1万km2, 并明确了每个脆弱区的名称、类型、面积、分布范围以及面临的主要生态问题。完成的中国生态脆弱区分布图为全国生态保护红线划定提供了参考底图。
刘军会, 邹长新, 高吉喜, 马苏, 王文杰, 吴坤, 刘洋 (2015) 中国生态环境脆弱区范围界定. 生物多样性, 23, 725-732. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015147.
Junhui Liu, Changxin Zou, Jixi Gao, Su Ma, Wenjie Wang, Kun Wu, Yang Liu (2015) Location determination of ecologically vulnerable regions in China. Biodiversity Science, 23, 725-732. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2015147.
指标 Index | 不敏感 Insensitive | 轻度敏感 Lightly sensitive | 中度敏感 Moderate sensitive | 高度敏感 Highly sensitive | 极敏感 Extremely sensitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土地沙化 Land desertification | 干燥度指数 Aridity index | ≤ 1.0 | 1.0-1.5 | 1.5-4.0 | 4.0-16.0 | ≥ 16.0 |
≥ 6 m/s起沙风天数 Days with wind speed ≥ 6 m/s (d) | ≤ 5 | 5-10 | 10-20 | 20-30 | ≥ 30 | |
土壤质地 Soil texture | 基岩 Bedrock | 粘质 Clay | 砾质 Gravel | 壤质 Loam | 砂质 Sandy | |
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%) | ≥ 80 | 60-80 | 40-60 | 20-40 | ≤ 20 | |
水土流失 Soil erosion | 降雨侵蚀力 Rainfall erosivity | < 25 | 25-100 | 100-400 | 400-600 | > 600 |
土壤可蚀性 Soil erodibility | < 0.27 | 0.27-0.42 | 0.42-0.52 | 0.52-0.62 | > 0.62 | |
坡度 Slope (°) | 0-8 | 8-15 | 15-25 | 25-35 | > 35 | |
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%) | ≥ 80 | 60-80 | 40-60 | 20-40 | ≤ 20 | |
石漠化 Rocky desertification | 碳酸盐出露面积百分比 Rate of carbonate rock outcropping areas (%) | ≤ 10 | 10-30 | 30-50 | 50-70 | ≥ 70 |
坡度 Slope (°) | ≤ 5 | 5-8 | 8-15 | 15-25 | ≥ 25 | |
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%) | ≥ 80 | 60-80 | 40-60 | 20-40 | ≤ 20 | |
赋值 Grade | 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 |
表1 生态环境敏感性评价指标及分级赋值
Table 1 Evaluation indices and classification of ecological environmental sensitivity
指标 Index | 不敏感 Insensitive | 轻度敏感 Lightly sensitive | 中度敏感 Moderate sensitive | 高度敏感 Highly sensitive | 极敏感 Extremely sensitive | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
土地沙化 Land desertification | 干燥度指数 Aridity index | ≤ 1.0 | 1.0-1.5 | 1.5-4.0 | 4.0-16.0 | ≥ 16.0 |
≥ 6 m/s起沙风天数 Days with wind speed ≥ 6 m/s (d) | ≤ 5 | 5-10 | 10-20 | 20-30 | ≥ 30 | |
土壤质地 Soil texture | 基岩 Bedrock | 粘质 Clay | 砾质 Gravel | 壤质 Loam | 砂质 Sandy | |
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%) | ≥ 80 | 60-80 | 40-60 | 20-40 | ≤ 20 | |
水土流失 Soil erosion | 降雨侵蚀力 Rainfall erosivity | < 25 | 25-100 | 100-400 | 400-600 | > 600 |
土壤可蚀性 Soil erodibility | < 0.27 | 0.27-0.42 | 0.42-0.52 | 0.52-0.62 | > 0.62 | |
坡度 Slope (°) | 0-8 | 8-15 | 15-25 | 25-35 | > 35 | |
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%) | ≥ 80 | 60-80 | 40-60 | 20-40 | ≤ 20 | |
石漠化 Rocky desertification | 碳酸盐出露面积百分比 Rate of carbonate rock outcropping areas (%) | ≤ 10 | 10-30 | 30-50 | 50-70 | ≥ 70 |
坡度 Slope (°) | ≤ 5 | 5-8 | 8-15 | 15-25 | ≥ 25 | |
植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%) | ≥ 80 | 60-80 | 40-60 | 20-40 | ≤ 20 | |
赋值 Grade | 1 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 9 |
敏感等级 Grade of sensitivity | 土地沙化敏感性 Land desertification Sensitivity | 水土流失敏感性 Soil erosion sensitivity | 石漠化敏感性 Rocky desertification | 综合生态敏感性 Comprehensive ecological Sensitivity |
---|---|---|---|---|
不敏感 Insensitive | 34.5 | 33.8 | 93.2 | 22.7 |
轻度敏感 Lightly sensitive | 41.3 | 37.7 | 1.5 | 27.1 |
中度敏感 Moderately sensitive | 11.7 | 13.7 | 3.4 | 22.0 |
高度敏感 Highly sensitive | 8.3 | 9.1 | 1.6 | 17.8 |
极敏感 Extremely sensitive | 4.3 | 5.8 | 0.4 | 10.4 |
表2 生态敏感性评价等级面积比例
Table 2 Area percentage of each ecological environmental sensitivity type in China
敏感等级 Grade of sensitivity | 土地沙化敏感性 Land desertification Sensitivity | 水土流失敏感性 Soil erosion sensitivity | 石漠化敏感性 Rocky desertification | 综合生态敏感性 Comprehensive ecological Sensitivity |
---|---|---|---|---|
不敏感 Insensitive | 34.5 | 33.8 | 93.2 | 22.7 |
轻度敏感 Lightly sensitive | 41.3 | 37.7 | 1.5 | 27.1 |
中度敏感 Moderately sensitive | 11.7 | 13.7 | 3.4 | 22.0 |
高度敏感 Highly sensitive | 8.3 | 9.1 | 1.6 | 17.8 |
极敏感 Extremely sensitive | 4.3 | 5.8 | 0.4 | 10.4 |
图2 中国生态环境脆弱区空间分布图。(1)古尔班通古特沙漠边缘; (2)塔克拉玛干沙漠边缘; (3)黑河流域中下游; (4)腾格里与乌兰布和沙漠边缘; (5)毛乌素沙地; (6)阴山北麓-浑善达克沙地; (7)科尔沁沙地; (8)呼伦贝尔沙地; (9)横断山; (10)黄土高原丘陵沟壑区; (11)三峡库区; (12)大别山; (13)罗霄山; (14)黄山; (15)仙霞岭-武夷山; (16)天山; (17)西南喀斯特地区; (18)羌塘高原西部。
Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of ecologically vulnerable regions in China. (1) Edge of Gurbantunggut Desert; (2) Edge of Taklimakan Desert; (3) Middle and lower reaches of Heihe River; (4) Edge of Tengger Desert and Wulanbuhe Desert; (5) Mu Us Sandy Land; (6) Northern region of the Yinshan Mountains-Hunshandak Sandy Land; (7) Horqin Sandy Land; (8) Hulun Buir Sandy Land; (9) the Hengduan Mountains; (10) Loess Hilly gully region; (11) Three Gorges Reservoir area; (12) Dabie Mountain; (13) Luoxiao Mountain; (14) Huangshan Mountain; (15) Xianxialing Mountain-Wuyi Mountain; (16) the Tianshan Mountains; (17) Karst Areas in southwestern China; (18) Western part of ChangTang Plateau.
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