生物多样性 ›› 2015, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 210-216. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014205
收稿日期:
2014-09-25
接受日期:
2015-01-28
出版日期:
2015-03-20
发布日期:
2015-04-09
通讯作者:
徐宾铎
基金资助:
Xiling Luo, Yiping Ren, Lei Xing, Binduo Xu*()
Received:
2014-09-25
Accepted:
2015-01-28
Online:
2015-03-20
Published:
2015-04-09
Contact:
Xu Binduo
摘要:
本研究根据2011年3月、5月、7月、9月和12月在海州湾海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查数据, 采用Margalef种类丰富度指数(D)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)和Pielou均匀度指数(J′)等分析了该海域蟹类群落种类组成及其多样性的时空变化。结果表明, 本次调查共捕获蟹类34种, 隶属于18科27属, 其中玉蟹科种数最多, 有3属4种。从适温属性来看, 主要以暖水种(16种)和暖温种(15种)为主, 冷温种3种。蟹类群落各多样性指数的月际间变化较大, 其中物种丰富度指数(D)3月最高, 12月最低; 多样性指数(H′)和均匀度指数(J′)均在7月最高, 12月最低。多样性指数的空间分布呈现一定的月变化: 在3月、5月、7月均表现为北高南低; 9月为中部低, 南、北部海域较高; 12月均呈南高北低的趋势。蟹类单位网次渔获尾数空间分布格局呈现明显的月变化; 平均单位网次渔获尾数呈现一定的月变化, 总体上表现为3月、5月、12月高于7月和9月。Pearson相关分析结果表明, 在5月, 多样性指数(H′)和均匀度指数(J′)与底层水温呈显著负相关, 与底层盐度呈极显著正相关, 多样性指数还与水深呈显著正相关; 12月均匀度指数与底层水温和水深均呈极显著负相关, 与底层盐度呈显著负相关; 在3月、7月和9月, 各多样性指数与底层水温、底层盐度及水深均无显著相关性。海州湾蟹类种类组成及多样性的时空变化主要与海州湾地处温带海域、水温等海洋环境因子的季节变化以及优势种的数量分布有关。
罗西玲, 任一平, 邢磊, 徐宾铎 (2015) 海州湾蟹类群落种类组成及其多样性. 生物多样性, 23, 210-216. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014205.
Xiling Luo, Yiping Ren, Lei Xing, Binduo Xu (2015) Species composition and diversity of crab assemblage in Haizhou Bay. Biodiversity Science, 23, 210-216. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2014205.
图3 海州湾海域蟹类群落各多样性指数及单位网次渔获尾数的空间分布
Fig. 3 Spatial distributions of ecological diversity indices of crab assemblage and the number of individuals per haul per hour in Haizhou Bay
月份 Month | 种类丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index (D) | 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) | 均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J′) |
---|---|---|---|
3月 March (n = 24) | |||
底层水温 Bottom water temperature | -0.269 | -0.353 | -0.399 |
底层盐度 Bottom water salinity | -0.282 | -0.137 | -0.114 |
水深 Water depth | -0.047 | 0.293 | 0.107 |
5月 May (n = 24) | |||
底层水温 Bottom water temperature | -0.160 | -0.493* | -0.418* |
底层盐度 Bottom water salinity | 0.294 | 0.677** | 0.548** |
水深 Water depth | 0.180 | 0.488* | 0.287 |
7月 July (n = 14) | |||
底层水温 Bottom water temperature | -0.001 | -0.066 | -0.047 |
底层盐度 Bottom water salinity | 0.145 | 0.003 | -0.402 |
水深 Water depth | -0.209 | 0.031 | 0.071 |
9月 September (n = 14) | |||
底层水温 Bottom water temperature | -0.108 | -0.006 | -0.240 |
底层盐度 Bottom water salinity | 0.208 | 0.191 | 0.417 |
水深 Water depth | 0.303 | 0.025 | 0.021 |
12月 December (n = 24) | |||
底层水温 Bottom water temperature | -0.036 | -0.149 | -0.531** |
底层盐度 Bottom water salinity | 0.074 | -0.159 | -0.423* |
水深 Water depth | -0.236 | -0.312 | -0.605** |
表1 海州湾蟹类多样性指数与环境因子的Pearson相关性分析
Table 1 Pearson correlation between diversity indices of crab assemblage and environmental factors in Haizhou Bay
月份 Month | 种类丰富度指数 Margalef species richness index (D) | 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) | 均匀度指数 Pielou evenness index (J′) |
---|---|---|---|
3月 March (n = 24) | |||
底层水温 Bottom water temperature | -0.269 | -0.353 | -0.399 |
底层盐度 Bottom water salinity | -0.282 | -0.137 | -0.114 |
水深 Water depth | -0.047 | 0.293 | 0.107 |
5月 May (n = 24) | |||
底层水温 Bottom water temperature | -0.160 | -0.493* | -0.418* |
底层盐度 Bottom water salinity | 0.294 | 0.677** | 0.548** |
水深 Water depth | 0.180 | 0.488* | 0.287 |
7月 July (n = 14) | |||
底层水温 Bottom water temperature | -0.001 | -0.066 | -0.047 |
底层盐度 Bottom water salinity | 0.145 | 0.003 | -0.402 |
水深 Water depth | -0.209 | 0.031 | 0.071 |
9月 September (n = 14) | |||
底层水温 Bottom water temperature | -0.108 | -0.006 | -0.240 |
底层盐度 Bottom water salinity | 0.208 | 0.191 | 0.417 |
水深 Water depth | 0.303 | 0.025 | 0.021 |
12月 December (n = 24) | |||
底层水温 Bottom water temperature | -0.036 | -0.149 | -0.531** |
底层盐度 Bottom water salinity | 0.074 | -0.159 | -0.423* |
水深 Water depth | -0.236 | -0.312 | -0.605** |
科 Family | 3月 March | 5月 May | 7月 July | 9月 Sept. | 12月 Dec. | 适温类型 Temperature adaptive type | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
瓷蟹科 Porcellanidae | |||||||
细足蟹属 Raphidopus | |||||||
绒毛细足蟹 Raphidopus ciliatus | + | + | + | WW | |||
豆瓷蟹属 Pisidia | |||||||
锯额豆瓷蟹 Pisidia serratifrons | + | WW | |||||
大眼蟹科 Macrophthalmidae | |||||||
三强蟹属 Tritodynamia | |||||||
霍氏三强蟹 Tritodynamia horvathi | + | T | |||||
兰氏三强蟹 Tritodynamia rathbunae | + | + | + | T | |||
豆蟹科 Pinnotheridae | |||||||
豆蟹属 Pinnotheres | |||||||
中华豆蟹 Pinnotheres sinensis | + | + | T | ||||
圆豆蟹 Pinnotheres cyclinus | + | T | |||||
海阳豆蟹 Pinnotheres haiyangensis | + | T | |||||
短眼蟹科 Xenophthalmidae | |||||||
短眼蟹属 Xenophthalmus | |||||||
豆形短眼蟹 Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides | + | WW | |||||
弓蟹科 Varunidae | |||||||
近方蟹属 Hemigrapsus | |||||||
中华近方蟹 Hemigrapsus sinensis | + | T | |||||
肉球近方蟹 Hemigrapsus sanguineus | + | WW | |||||
倒颚蟹属 Asthenognathus | |||||||
异足倒颚蟹 Asthenognathus inaequipes | + | T | |||||
关公蟹科 Dorippidae | |||||||
拟关公蟹属 Paradorippe | |||||||
端正拟关公蟹 Paradorippe polita | + | + | WW | ||||
颗粒拟关公蟹 Paradorippe granulata | + | + | CT | ||||
拟平家蟹属 Heikeopsis | |||||||
日本拟平家蟹 Heikeopsis japonicus | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
黄道蟹科 Cancridae | |||||||
黄道蟹属 Cancer | |||||||
隆背黄道蟹 Cancer gibbosulus | + | + | + | + | + | CT | |
静蟹科 Galenidae | |||||||
精武蟹属 Parapanipe | |||||||
贪精武蟹 Parapanipe euagora | + | WW | |||||
宽背蟹科 Euryplacidae | |||||||
强蟹属 Eucrate | |||||||
隆线强蟹 Eucrate crenata | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
菱蟹科 Parthenopidae | |||||||
菱蟹属 Parthenope | |||||||
强壮菱蟹 Parthenope validus | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
毛刺蟹科 Pilumnidae | |||||||
毛刺蟹属 Pilumnus | |||||||
小型毛刺蟹 Pilumnus spinulus | + | + | + | + | T | ||
异毛蟹属 Heteropilumnus | |||||||
披发异毛蟹 Heteropilumnus ciliatus | + | + | T | ||||
拟盲蟹属 Typhlocarcinops | |||||||
沟纹拟盲蟹 Typhlocarcinops canaliculata | + | WW | |||||
绵蟹科 Dromiidae | |||||||
板蟹属 Petalomera | |||||||
沈板蟹 Petalomera sheni | + | + | + | + | + | T | |
扇蟹科 Xanthidae | |||||||
大权蟹属 Macromedaeus | |||||||
特异大权蟹 Macromedaeus distinguendus | + | + | + | WW | |||
梭子蟹科 Portunidae | |||||||
梭子蟹属 Portunus | |||||||
三疣梭子蟹 Portunus trituberculatus | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
蟳属 Charybdis | |||||||
日本蟳 Charybdis japonica | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
双斑蟳 Charybdis bimaculata | + | + | + | + | + | T | |
突眼蟹科 Oregoniidae | |||||||
突眼蟹属 Oregonia | |||||||
枯瘦突眼蟹 Oregonia gracilis | + | + | + | + | + | T | |
卧蜘蛛蟹科 Epialtidae | |||||||
矶蟹属 Pugettia | |||||||
四齿矶蟹 Pugettia quadridens | + | + | + | + | + | CT | |
玉蟹科 Leucosiidae | |||||||
五角蟹属 Nursia | |||||||
斜方五角蟹 Nursia rhomboidalis | + | + | + | T | |||
栗壳蟹属 Arcania | |||||||
球形栗壳蟹 Arcania globata | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
圆十一刺栗壳蟹 Arcania novemspinosa | + | + | + | + | T | ||
拳蟹属 Philyra | |||||||
杂粒拳蟹 Philyra heterograna | + | T | |||||
长脚蟹科 Goneplacidae | |||||||
隆背蟹属 Carcinoplax | |||||||
泥脚隆背蟹 Carcinoplax vestita | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
盲蟹属 Typhlocarcinus | |||||||
裸盲蟹 Typhlocarcinus nudus | + | WW | |||||
总种数 Total number of species | 34 |
附表1 海州湾海域捕获蟹类名录
Table S1 List of crab species caught in Haizhou Bay
科 Family | 3月 March | 5月 May | 7月 July | 9月 Sept. | 12月 Dec. | 适温类型 Temperature adaptive type | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
瓷蟹科 Porcellanidae | |||||||
细足蟹属 Raphidopus | |||||||
绒毛细足蟹 Raphidopus ciliatus | + | + | + | WW | |||
豆瓷蟹属 Pisidia | |||||||
锯额豆瓷蟹 Pisidia serratifrons | + | WW | |||||
大眼蟹科 Macrophthalmidae | |||||||
三强蟹属 Tritodynamia | |||||||
霍氏三强蟹 Tritodynamia horvathi | + | T | |||||
兰氏三强蟹 Tritodynamia rathbunae | + | + | + | T | |||
豆蟹科 Pinnotheridae | |||||||
豆蟹属 Pinnotheres | |||||||
中华豆蟹 Pinnotheres sinensis | + | + | T | ||||
圆豆蟹 Pinnotheres cyclinus | + | T | |||||
海阳豆蟹 Pinnotheres haiyangensis | + | T | |||||
短眼蟹科 Xenophthalmidae | |||||||
短眼蟹属 Xenophthalmus | |||||||
豆形短眼蟹 Xenophthalmus pinnotheroides | + | WW | |||||
弓蟹科 Varunidae | |||||||
近方蟹属 Hemigrapsus | |||||||
中华近方蟹 Hemigrapsus sinensis | + | T | |||||
肉球近方蟹 Hemigrapsus sanguineus | + | WW | |||||
倒颚蟹属 Asthenognathus | |||||||
异足倒颚蟹 Asthenognathus inaequipes | + | T | |||||
关公蟹科 Dorippidae | |||||||
拟关公蟹属 Paradorippe | |||||||
端正拟关公蟹 Paradorippe polita | + | + | WW | ||||
颗粒拟关公蟹 Paradorippe granulata | + | + | CT | ||||
拟平家蟹属 Heikeopsis | |||||||
日本拟平家蟹 Heikeopsis japonicus | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
黄道蟹科 Cancridae | |||||||
黄道蟹属 Cancer | |||||||
隆背黄道蟹 Cancer gibbosulus | + | + | + | + | + | CT | |
静蟹科 Galenidae | |||||||
精武蟹属 Parapanipe | |||||||
贪精武蟹 Parapanipe euagora | + | WW | |||||
宽背蟹科 Euryplacidae | |||||||
强蟹属 Eucrate | |||||||
隆线强蟹 Eucrate crenata | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
菱蟹科 Parthenopidae | |||||||
菱蟹属 Parthenope | |||||||
强壮菱蟹 Parthenope validus | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
毛刺蟹科 Pilumnidae | |||||||
毛刺蟹属 Pilumnus | |||||||
小型毛刺蟹 Pilumnus spinulus | + | + | + | + | T | ||
异毛蟹属 Heteropilumnus | |||||||
披发异毛蟹 Heteropilumnus ciliatus | + | + | T | ||||
拟盲蟹属 Typhlocarcinops | |||||||
沟纹拟盲蟹 Typhlocarcinops canaliculata | + | WW | |||||
绵蟹科 Dromiidae | |||||||
板蟹属 Petalomera | |||||||
沈板蟹 Petalomera sheni | + | + | + | + | + | T | |
扇蟹科 Xanthidae | |||||||
大权蟹属 Macromedaeus | |||||||
特异大权蟹 Macromedaeus distinguendus | + | + | + | WW | |||
梭子蟹科 Portunidae | |||||||
梭子蟹属 Portunus | |||||||
三疣梭子蟹 Portunus trituberculatus | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
蟳属 Charybdis | |||||||
日本蟳 Charybdis japonica | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
双斑蟳 Charybdis bimaculata | + | + | + | + | + | T | |
突眼蟹科 Oregoniidae | |||||||
突眼蟹属 Oregonia | |||||||
枯瘦突眼蟹 Oregonia gracilis | + | + | + | + | + | T | |
卧蜘蛛蟹科 Epialtidae | |||||||
矶蟹属 Pugettia | |||||||
四齿矶蟹 Pugettia quadridens | + | + | + | + | + | CT | |
玉蟹科 Leucosiidae | |||||||
五角蟹属 Nursia | |||||||
斜方五角蟹 Nursia rhomboidalis | + | + | + | T | |||
栗壳蟹属 Arcania | |||||||
球形栗壳蟹 Arcania globata | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
圆十一刺栗壳蟹 Arcania novemspinosa | + | + | + | + | T | ||
拳蟹属 Philyra | |||||||
杂粒拳蟹 Philyra heterograna | + | T | |||||
长脚蟹科 Goneplacidae | |||||||
隆背蟹属 Carcinoplax | |||||||
泥脚隆背蟹 Carcinoplax vestita | + | + | + | + | + | WW | |
盲蟹属 Typhlocarcinus | |||||||
裸盲蟹 Typhlocarcinus nudus | + | WW | |||||
总种数 Total number of species | 34 |
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