Biodiv Sci ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (5): 481-489. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017006
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Wumei Xu1,2, Xiuqin Ci1,2, Jie Li1,*()
Received:
2017-01-03
Accepted:
2017-04-06
Online:
2017-05-20
Published:
2017-06-06
Contact:
Li Jie
Wumei Xu, Xiuqin Ci, Jie Li. Parallel effects of environmental properties on genetic diversity and species diversity[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2017, 25(5): 481-489.
Fig. 1 A theoretical model which depict the parallel effects of environmental properties on genetic diversity and species diversity (refer to Vellend & Geber, 2005)
生态过程 Ecological processes | 遗传多样性 Genetic diversity | 物种多样性 Species diversity |
---|---|---|
突变与物种形成 Mutation and speciation | 新等位基因的产生 The creation of new alleles | 新物种的形成 The creation of new species |
漂变 Drift | 种群内等位基因频率的随机变化 Random changes in the relative frequencies of alleles within a population | 群落内物种相对多度的随机变化 Random changes in the relative abundance of species within a community |
扩散 Dispersal | 种群间等位基因的移动 Movement of alleles among populations | 群落间物种的移动 Movement of species among communities |
选择 Selection | 仅对种群内某些等位基因有利的生态过程 Processes that favour particular alleles over others within a population | 仅对群落内某些物种有利的生态过程 Processes that favour particular species over others within a community |
Table 1 The parallel effects of different ecological processes on genetic diversity and species diversity (refer to Vellend & Geber, 2005)
生态过程 Ecological processes | 遗传多样性 Genetic diversity | 物种多样性 Species diversity |
---|---|---|
突变与物种形成 Mutation and speciation | 新等位基因的产生 The creation of new alleles | 新物种的形成 The creation of new species |
漂变 Drift | 种群内等位基因频率的随机变化 Random changes in the relative frequencies of alleles within a population | 群落内物种相对多度的随机变化 Random changes in the relative abundance of species within a community |
扩散 Dispersal | 种群间等位基因的移动 Movement of alleles among populations | 群落间物种的移动 Movement of species among communities |
选择 Selection | 仅对种群内某些等位基因有利的生态过程 Processes that favour particular alleles over others within a population | 仅对群落内某些物种有利的生态过程 Processes that favour particular species over others within a community |
Fig. 2 The predicted positive correlation between genetic diversity and species diversity according to the equilibrium theory (refer to Vellend, 2003). We assume that the island A, B, C, D have the same distance to the mainland while the area is D > A > B > C; the island B, E, F, G have the same area while the distances to the mainland are G > F > E > B. We also assume that there is no gene and species flow among the islands. Based on the predictions of the equilibrium theory, habitat area (Fig. 2a) and degree of isolation (Fig. 2b) are the drivers of the positive correlation between genetic diversity and species diversity.
Fig. 3 The predicted effects of resource availability and heterogeneity on genetic diversity within a population and species diversity within a community based on the Tilman (1982) model (refer to Vellend & Geber, 2005). ZNGI indicates the zero-net-growth-isoclines, all points on the isocline, the reproductive rate of a species equals its mortality. The intersection point between the ZNGIs indicates the potential stable coexistence among the species with different genotypes which depend on the status of resource distribution within the community. The species/genotypes listed in boxes indicate those that will coexist at equilibrium given different possible resource supply points. In this model, community 1 (C1) with a low resource heterogeneity and only genotype 2 in species 1 (S1, G2) can survive and exclude the others; while in community two (C2), the high resource heterogeneity allow all the two genotypes (G1 and G2) in each of two species (S1 and S2) coexisted within the community. The black arrows indicate the directions for the increased resource availability, with the resource availability increased, both genetic diversity within population and species diversity within community decreased in parallel eventually.
Fig. 4 The latitudinal patterns of genetic diversity and species diversity based on the predictions of evolutionary speed hypothesis (refer to Rohde, 1992; Gaston, 2000; Araujo & Costa-Pereira, 2013; Dowle et al, 2013)
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