Biodiv Sci ›› 2017, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2): 182-194. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2017014
Special Issue: 青藏高原生物多样性与生态安全
• Original Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles
Zehao Shen1,*(), Mingzheng Yang1, Jianmeng Feng2, Xinhui Li3, Peihao Peng4, Zhi Zheng5
Received:
2017-01-08
Accepted:
2017-02-09
Online:
2017-02-20
Published:
2017-03-06
Contact:
Shen Zehao
Zehao Shen, Mingzheng Yang, Jianmeng Feng, Xinhui Li, Peihao Peng, Zhi Zheng. Geographic patterns of alpine flora in China in relation to environmental and spatial factors[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2017, 25(2): 182-194.
山名 Mt. name | 省份 Province | 最高峰 Summit (m) | 纬度范围 Latitudinal rang | 树线海拔Alpine Elev. (m) | 林线树种下限 Lower limit (m) | 高山林线树种 Alpine treeline species | 高山带面积 Alpine area (ha) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
天山 Mt. Tianshan[ | 新疆 Xinjiang | 7,439 | 42°18'-44°15' | 2,800 | 1,800 | 雪岭云杉 Picea schrenkiana | 832,930.0 |
阿尔金山 Mt. Arjin[ | 新疆 Xinjiang | 6,973 | 37°55'-39°35' | 3,500 | — | 无 | 3,137.6 |
祁连山 Mt. Qilian[ | 青海 Qinghai | 5,808 | 37°16'-39°19' | 3,600 | 2,600 | 祁连圆柏 Sabina przewalskii | 16,345.1 |
贺兰山 Mt. Helan[ | 宁夏 Ningxia | 3,556 | 38°07'-39°30' | 3,200 | 2,600 | 青海云杉 P. erassifolia | 755.5 |
长白山 Mt. Changbai[ | 吉林 Jilin | 2,750 | 41°42'-42°51' | 2,100 | 1,800 | 岳桦 Betula ermanii | 9,063.4 |
五台山 Mt. Wutai[ | 河北 Hebei | 3,061 | 38°50'-39°05' | 2,800 | 2,300 | 华北落叶松 Larix principis-rupprechtii | 923.7 |
太白山 Mt. Taibai[ | 陕西 Shaanxi | 3,767 | 33°49'-34°08' | 3,400 | 2,800 | 太白红杉 L. chinensis | 2,678.7 |
摩天岭 Mt. Motianling[ | 甘肃 Gansu | 3,837 | 32°39'-32°49' | 3,450 | 2,900 | 秦岭冷杉 Abies chensiensis | 5,698.9 |
贡嘎山 Mt. Gongga[ | 四川 Sichuan | 7,556 | 29°20'-30°20' | 3,800 | 2,700 | 峨眉冷杉 A. fabri | 68,413.9 |
高黎贡山 Mt. Gaoligong[ | 云南 Yunnan | 5,128 | 24°40'-28°30' | 4,000 | 3,000 | 急尖长苞冷杉 A. georgei var. smithii | 93,695.2 |
玉龙雪山 Mt. Yulong[ | 云南 Yunnan | 5,596 | 27°10'-27°15' | 3,900 | 3,200 | 长苞冷杉 A. georgei | 5,628.1 |
轿子雪山 Mt. Jiaozi [ | 云南 Yunnan | 4,247 | 26°00'-26°10' | 4,000 | 3,200 | 急尖长苞冷杉 A. georgei var. smithii | 294.3 |
台湾山脉 Mts. Taiwan[ | 台湾 Taiwan | 3,998 | 22°36'-24°26' | >3,998 | 3,000 | 台湾冷杉 A. kawakamii | 3,277.2 |
珠峰 Mt. Zhumulangma# | 西藏 Tibet | 8,848 | 27°48'-29°19' | 4,300 | 3,600 | 糙皮桦 B. albo-sinensis var. septentrionalis | 231,943.0 |
Table 1 The basic characteristics of the 14 mountains studied
山名 Mt. name | 省份 Province | 最高峰 Summit (m) | 纬度范围 Latitudinal rang | 树线海拔Alpine Elev. (m) | 林线树种下限 Lower limit (m) | 高山林线树种 Alpine treeline species | 高山带面积 Alpine area (ha) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
天山 Mt. Tianshan[ | 新疆 Xinjiang | 7,439 | 42°18'-44°15' | 2,800 | 1,800 | 雪岭云杉 Picea schrenkiana | 832,930.0 |
阿尔金山 Mt. Arjin[ | 新疆 Xinjiang | 6,973 | 37°55'-39°35' | 3,500 | — | 无 | 3,137.6 |
祁连山 Mt. Qilian[ | 青海 Qinghai | 5,808 | 37°16'-39°19' | 3,600 | 2,600 | 祁连圆柏 Sabina przewalskii | 16,345.1 |
贺兰山 Mt. Helan[ | 宁夏 Ningxia | 3,556 | 38°07'-39°30' | 3,200 | 2,600 | 青海云杉 P. erassifolia | 755.5 |
长白山 Mt. Changbai[ | 吉林 Jilin | 2,750 | 41°42'-42°51' | 2,100 | 1,800 | 岳桦 Betula ermanii | 9,063.4 |
五台山 Mt. Wutai[ | 河北 Hebei | 3,061 | 38°50'-39°05' | 2,800 | 2,300 | 华北落叶松 Larix principis-rupprechtii | 923.7 |
太白山 Mt. Taibai[ | 陕西 Shaanxi | 3,767 | 33°49'-34°08' | 3,400 | 2,800 | 太白红杉 L. chinensis | 2,678.7 |
摩天岭 Mt. Motianling[ | 甘肃 Gansu | 3,837 | 32°39'-32°49' | 3,450 | 2,900 | 秦岭冷杉 Abies chensiensis | 5,698.9 |
贡嘎山 Mt. Gongga[ | 四川 Sichuan | 7,556 | 29°20'-30°20' | 3,800 | 2,700 | 峨眉冷杉 A. fabri | 68,413.9 |
高黎贡山 Mt. Gaoligong[ | 云南 Yunnan | 5,128 | 24°40'-28°30' | 4,000 | 3,000 | 急尖长苞冷杉 A. georgei var. smithii | 93,695.2 |
玉龙雪山 Mt. Yulong[ | 云南 Yunnan | 5,596 | 27°10'-27°15' | 3,900 | 3,200 | 长苞冷杉 A. georgei | 5,628.1 |
轿子雪山 Mt. Jiaozi [ | 云南 Yunnan | 4,247 | 26°00'-26°10' | 4,000 | 3,200 | 急尖长苞冷杉 A. georgei var. smithii | 294.3 |
台湾山脉 Mts. Taiwan[ | 台湾 Taiwan | 3,998 | 22°36'-24°26' | >3,998 | 3,000 | 台湾冷杉 A. kawakamii | 3,277.2 |
珠峰 Mt. Zhumulangma# | 西藏 Tibet | 8,848 | 27°48'-29°19' | 4,300 | 3,600 | 糙皮桦 B. albo-sinensis var. septentrionalis | 231,943.0 |
Fig. 2 Percentage compositions of alpine flora of 14 main mountains in China. T1, Cosmopolitan; T2-7, Tropic types; T8-11, North temperate types; T12-13, Mediterranean types; T14, East Asia types; T14SH, Sino-Himalayan type; T15, Endemic to China.
距离矩阵 Distance matrices | R | P |
---|---|---|
环境距离 Environmental distance | 0.5506 | 0.002 |
环境距离|地理距离 Environmental distance | Geographic distance | 0.3543 | 0.008 |
形态差异 Physiognomic difference | 0.5455 | 0.002 |
形态差异|地理距离 Physiognomic difference | Geographic distance | 0.3532 | 0.017 |
最热月最高温差异 MTWM difference | 0.2131 | 0.046 |
最热月最高温差异|地理距离 MTWM difference | Geographic distance | 0.2014 | 0.061 |
地理距离 Geographic distance | 0.6006 | 0.001 |
地理距离|环境差异 Geographic distance | Environmental distance | 0.4401 | 0.004 |
地理距离|形态差异 Geographic | Physiognomic distance | 0.4451 | 0.003 |
地理距离|最热月最高温差异 Geographic | MTWM distance | 0.5979 | 0.001 |
Table 2 Mantel tests and partial Mantel tests for the correlations between the similarities of geographic elements composition and spatial distance, environmental distance among the 14 main mountains in China
距离矩阵 Distance matrices | R | P |
---|---|---|
环境距离 Environmental distance | 0.5506 | 0.002 |
环境距离|地理距离 Environmental distance | Geographic distance | 0.3543 | 0.008 |
形态差异 Physiognomic difference | 0.5455 | 0.002 |
形态差异|地理距离 Physiognomic difference | Geographic distance | 0.3532 | 0.017 |
最热月最高温差异 MTWM difference | 0.2131 | 0.046 |
最热月最高温差异|地理距离 MTWM difference | Geographic distance | 0.2014 | 0.061 |
地理距离 Geographic distance | 0.6006 | 0.001 |
地理距离|环境差异 Geographic distance | Environmental distance | 0.4401 | 0.004 |
地理距离|形态差异 Geographic | Physiognomic distance | 0.4451 | 0.003 |
地理距离|最热月最高温差异 Geographic | MTWM distance | 0.5979 | 0.001 |
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