Population number and distribution of oriental pied hornbill in Guangxi, China

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.07203

Abstract

Abstract:

The oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris albirostris) is a State Protected Species and also an important seed dispersal agent in Tropical Asia. Recent studies show that the range of oriental pied hornbill in Guangxi has decreased significantly in the last decades. During the 1970s the species was widespread along the Sino-Vietnamese border but since the 2000s it has been confined to only three isolated areas. Although the population has declined substantially, Xidamingshan still supports the largest hornbill population known in Guangxi. In order to understand the current status of the species in Guangxi, China, we conducted a simultaneous population survey in Xidamingshan Nature Reserve in 2009. At least, fifty birds were recorded during survey and 124 plant species are identified as potential food source of the bird. Human disturbance and hunting are the main threats to the species in Guangxi. Further research and conservation of the species are urgently required.

Key words: Anthracoceros albirostris albirostris, hornbill, seed dispersal, conservation, ecology, Xidamingshan, Guangxi, China

Yik Fui Philip Lo,Aiwu Jiang,Bosco Pui Lok Chan,Sai Chit Ng,Naiwen Xie,Tengcheng Que,Fei Li. Population number and distribution of oriental pied hornbill in Guangxi, China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2013, 21(3): 352-358.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2013.07203

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2013/V21/I3/352

Figures/Tables 5

References 21

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林区 Forest block	林场 Forest farm	地点 Location	目击数量 Individual observed	叫声的记录次数^a Call heard
西大明山 Xidamingshan	凤凰山 Fenghuangshan	咘练屯(两调查小队) Molian (two survey teams)	8+2+2 (3群, 3 flocks)	0
		那俄 Na’e	0	2
		渌井 Lujing	0	6
		罗维(两调查小队) Luowei (two survey teams)	4 (1群, 1 flock)	0
		新灵 Xinling	0	1
		渌井瞭望台 Lujing Lookout	0	0
		大明山瞭望台 Damingshan Lookout	0	0
小明山 Xiaomingshan	礼智 Lizhi	地腰屯 Diyao	0	2
		昆峰屯 Kunfeng	3+5 (2群, 2 flocks)	3
		洋华屯 Yanghua	0	0
	小明山 Xiaomingshan	十三岭分场 Shisanling	5	0
	小明山 Xiaomingshan	妹岜屯 Meiba	0	0
	总数 Total		29	14
	目击 + 叫声 Observed + Call		43^b

林区 Forest block	林场 Forest farm	地点 Location	目击数量 Individual observed	叫声的记录次数^a Call heard
西大明山 Xidamingshan	凤凰山 Fenghuangshan	咘练屯(两调查小队) Molian (two survey teams)	8+2+2 (3群, 3 flocks)	0
		那俄 Na’e	0	2
		渌井 Lujing	0	6
		罗维(两调查小队) Luowei (two survey teams)	4 (1群, 1 flock)	0
		新灵 Xinling	0	1
		渌井瞭望台 Lujing Lookout	0	0
		大明山瞭望台 Damingshan Lookout	0	0
小明山 Xiaomingshan	礼智 Lizhi	地腰屯 Diyao	0	2
		昆峰屯 Kunfeng	3+5 (2群, 2 flocks)	3
		洋华屯 Yanghua	0	0
	小明山 Xiaomingshan	十三岭分场 Shisanling	5	0
	小明山 Xiaomingshan	妹岜屯 Meiba	0	0
	总数 Total		29	14
	目击 + 叫声 Observed + Call		43^b

科	Family	中文名	学名 Scientific name	生活型^a Habits^a	利用状况^b Usage by hornbills^b
裸子植物	Gymnosperms
买麻藤科	Gnetaceae	垂子买麻藤	Gnetum pendulum	L	F
罗汉松科	Podocarpaceae	脉叶罗汉松	Podocarpus neriifolius	T	P
被子植物	Angiosperms
双子叶植物	Dicotyledons
猕猴桃科	Actinidiaceae	水东哥	Saurauia tristyla	T	F
		阔叶猕猴桃	Staurogyne stenophylla	L	P*
八角枫科	Alangiaceae	八角枫	Alangium chinense	T	P
漆树科	Anacardiacea	酸枣	Choerospondias axillaris	T	F
		盐肤木	Rhus chinensis	T	P*
		白背麸杨	R. hypoleuca	T	P
		野漆树	Toxicodendron succedaneum	T	P
番荔枝科	Annonaceae	瓜馥木	Fissistigma oldhamii	L	P
		黑风藤	F. polyanthum	L	P
		斜脉暗罗	Polyalthia plagioneura	T	P
		山椒子	Uvaria grandiflora	L	P
		紫玉盘	U. microcarpa	L	P*
冬青科	Aquifoliaceae	沙坝冬青	Ilex chapaensis	T	P
		广东冬青	I. kwangtungensis	T	P
五加科	Araliaceae	短梗罗伞	Brassaiopsis glomerulata	T	P
		鹅掌藤	Schefflera arboricola	L	P
		鸭脚木	S. heptaphylla	C	P
橄榄科	Burseraceae	橄榄	Canarium album	C	F
金粟兰科	Chloranthaceae	草珊瑚	Sarcandra glabra	H	F
藤黄科	Clusiaceae	岭南山竹子	Garcinia oblongifolia	T	P
五桠果科	Dilleniaceae	大花五桠果	Dillenia turbinate	C	P*
柿树科	Ebenaceae	罗浮柿	Diospyros morrisiana	C	F
杜英科	Elaeocarpaceae	显脉杜英	Elaeocarpus dubius	C	P
		绢毛杜英	E. nitentifolius	C	P
大戟科	Euphorbiaceae	黄毛五月茶	Antidesma fordii	T	P
		银柴	Aporosa dioica	T	P
		橄树	A. yunnanensis	T	P
		木奶果	Baccaurea ramiflora	T	P
		秋枫	Bischofia javanica	C	F
		重阳木	B. polycarpa	T	P*
		禾串树	Bridelia insulana	T	P
		巴豆	Croton tiglium	T	P*
		黄桐	Endospermum chinense	C	F
		白背算盘子	Glochidion wrightii	T	P
		中平树	Macaranga denticulata	T	P
		毛桐	Mallotus barbatus	T	P
		白楸	M. paniculatus	C	P
		粗糠柴	M. philippinensis	T	P*
		余甘子	Phyllanthus emblica	C	P*
		山乌桕	Sapium discolor	C	F
壳斗科	Fagaceae	罗浮锥	Castanopsis fabri	C	F
大风子科	Flacourtiaceae	毛叶嘉赐树	Casearia balansae	C	P
		大叶刺篱木	Flacourtia rukam	C	P
金缕梅科	Hamamelidaceae	枫香	Liquidambar formosana	C	F, N
茶茱萸科	Icacinaceae	定心藤	Mappianthes iodoides	L	P
		假柴龙树	Nothapodytes obtusifolia	C	P
		肖榄属一种	Platea sp.	T	P
樟科	Lauraceae	毛黄肉楠	Actinodaphne pilosa	T	P*
		阴香	Cinnamomum burmanni	T	P*
		樟树	C. camphora	C	P
		黄果厚壳桂	Cryptocarya concinna	C	P
		滇粤山胡椒	Lindera metcalfiana	T	P
		山苍子	Litsea cubeba	C	P
		潺槁树	L. glutinosa	T	P*
		假柿木姜子	L.monopetala	C	P
		参考大果木姜子	L. sp. cf. lancilimba	C	P
		黄椿木姜	L. variabilis	C	P
		雄鸡树	L. variabilis f. chinensis	C	P
		轮叶木姜子	L. verticillata	T	P
		黄心树	Machilus gamblei	C	P
		刨花润楠	M. pauhoi	C	F
		润楠属一种	Machilus sp.	C	N
		香港新木姜	Neolitsea cambodiana var. glabra	T	P
		红毛山楠	Phoebe hungmoensis	T	P
		楠属一种	Phoebe sp.	T	P
木兰科	Magnoliaceae	观光木	Michelia odora	C	P
楝科	Meliaceae	苦楝	Melia azedaeach	T	P*
		香椿	Toona sinensis	T	P*
		割舌树	Walsura robusta	T	P
防己科	Menispermaceae	中华青牛胆	Tinospora sinensis	L	P
桑科	Moraceae	二色波罗密	Artocarpus styracifolius	C	P
		胭脂	A. tonkinensis	C	P
		葡蟠	Broussonetia kaempferi	L	P
		构树	B. papyrifera	C	P
		高山榕	Ficus altissima	T	P
		大果榕	F. auriculata	T	P
		黄毛榕	F. esquiroliana	C	P
		粗叶榕	F. hirta	T	P
		对叶榕	F. hispida	T	P*
		青藤公	F. langkokensis	C	P
		榕树	F. microcarpa	C	F
		斜叶榕	F. tinctoria subsp. gibbosa	C	P
		青果榕	F. variegate var. chlorocarpa	C	P*
		黄葛树	F. virens	C	F
紫金牛科	Myrsinaceae	罗伞树	Ardisia quinquegona	S	P
		越南紫金牛	A. waitakii	S	P
		白花酸藤果	Embelia ribes	L	P*
桃金娘科	Myrtaceae	水翁	Cleistocalyx operculatus	T	P*
		乌墨	Syzygium cumini	C	P
西番莲科	Passifloraceae	蒴莲	Adenia chevalieri	L	P
红树科	Rhizophoraceae	竹节树	Carallia brachiata	T	P
蔷薇科	Rosaceae	大叶桂樱	Laurocerasus zippeliana	T	P
		臀果木	Pygeum topengii	C	P
茜草科	Rubiaceae	毛山黄皮	Aidia pycnantha	T	P
		鱼骨木	Canthium dicoccum	T	P
		楠藤	Mussaenda erosa	L	P
		黐花	M. esquirolii	S	P
芸香科	Rutaceae	三桠苦	Evodia lepta	T	P
		大叶臭花椒	Zanthoxylum myriacanthum	T	P
清风藤科	Sabiaceae	香皮树	Meliosma fordii	C	P
		笔罗子	M. rigida	C	P
		绿樟	M. squamulata	T	P
		清风藤	Sabia japonica	L	P
檀香科	Santalaceae	寄生藤	Dendrotrophe frutescens	L	P
无患子科	Sapindaceae	柄果木	Mischocarpus sundaicus	T	P
		海南韶子	Nephelium topengii	C	P
山榄科	Sapotaceae	绒毛肉实树	Sarcosperma kachinense	T	P
梧桐科	Sterculiaceae	假苹婆	Sterculia lanceolata	T	P
安息香科	Styracaceae	赤杨叶	Alniphyllum fortunei	C	F
山矾科	Symplocaceae	腺叶山矾	Symplocos adenophylla	C	P
		越南山矾	S. cochinchinensis	C	P
椴树科	Tiliaceae	破布叶	Microcos paniculata	T	P
榆科	Ulmaceae	糙叶树	Aphananthe aspera	C	P
		白颜树	Gironniera subaequalis	T	P
		异色山黄麻	Trema orientalis	C	P
葡萄科	Vitaceae	粤蛇葡萄	Ampelopsis cantoniensis	L	P
		扁担藤	Tetrastigma planicaule	L	F
单子叶植物	Monocotyledons
天南星科	Araceae	麒麟叶	Epipremnum pinnatum	L	P
棕榈科	Arecaceae	鱼尾葵	Caryota ochlandra	C	F
百合科	Liliaceae	剑叶菝葜	Smilax lanceifolia	L	P
		抱茎菝葜	S. ocreata	L	P
芭蕉科	Musaceae	野蕉	Musa balbisiana	T	P

科	Family	中文名	学名 Scientific name	生活型^a Habits^a	利用状况^b Usage by hornbills^b
裸子植物	Gymnosperms
买麻藤科	Gnetaceae	垂子买麻藤	Gnetum pendulum	L	F
罗汉松科	Podocarpaceae	脉叶罗汉松	Podocarpus neriifolius	T	P
被子植物	Angiosperms
双子叶植物	Dicotyledons
猕猴桃科	Actinidiaceae	水东哥	Saurauia tristyla	T	F
		阔叶猕猴桃	Staurogyne stenophylla	L	P*
八角枫科	Alangiaceae	八角枫	Alangium chinense	T	P
漆树科	Anacardiacea	酸枣	Choerospondias axillaris	T	F
		盐肤木	Rhus chinensis	T	P*
		白背麸杨	R. hypoleuca	T	P
		野漆树	Toxicodendron succedaneum	T	P
番荔枝科	Annonaceae	瓜馥木	Fissistigma oldhamii	L	P
		黑风藤	F. polyanthum	L	P
		斜脉暗罗	Polyalthia plagioneura	T	P
		山椒子	Uvaria grandiflora	L	P
		紫玉盘	U. microcarpa	L	P*
冬青科	Aquifoliaceae	沙坝冬青	Ilex chapaensis	T	P
		广东冬青	I. kwangtungensis	T	P
五加科	Araliaceae	短梗罗伞	Brassaiopsis glomerulata	T	P
		鹅掌藤	Schefflera arboricola	L	P
		鸭脚木	S. heptaphylla	C	P
橄榄科	Burseraceae	橄榄	Canarium album	C	F
金粟兰科	Chloranthaceae	草珊瑚	Sarcandra glabra	H	F
藤黄科	Clusiaceae	岭南山竹子	Garcinia oblongifolia	T	P
五桠果科	Dilleniaceae	大花五桠果	Dillenia turbinate	C	P*
柿树科	Ebenaceae	罗浮柿	Diospyros morrisiana	C	F
杜英科	Elaeocarpaceae	显脉杜英	Elaeocarpus dubius	C	P
		绢毛杜英	E. nitentifolius	C	P
大戟科	Euphorbiaceae	黄毛五月茶	Antidesma fordii	T	P
		银柴	Aporosa dioica	T	P
		橄树	A. yunnanensis	T	P
		木奶果	Baccaurea ramiflora	T	P
		秋枫	Bischofia javanica	C	F
		重阳木	B. polycarpa	T	P*
		禾串树	Bridelia insulana	T	P
		巴豆	Croton tiglium	T	P*
		黄桐	Endospermum chinense	C	F
		白背算盘子	Glochidion wrightii	T	P
		中平树	Macaranga denticulata	T	P
		毛桐	Mallotus barbatus	T	P
		白楸	M. paniculatus	C	P
		粗糠柴	M. philippinensis	T	P*
		余甘子	Phyllanthus emblica	C	P*
		山乌桕	Sapium discolor	C	F
壳斗科	Fagaceae	罗浮锥	Castanopsis fabri	C	F
大风子科	Flacourtiaceae	毛叶嘉赐树	Casearia balansae	C	P
		大叶刺篱木	Flacourtia rukam	C	P
金缕梅科	Hamamelidaceae	枫香	Liquidambar formosana	C	F, N
茶茱萸科	Icacinaceae	定心藤	Mappianthes iodoides	L	P
		假柴龙树	Nothapodytes obtusifolia	C	P
		肖榄属一种	Platea sp.	T	P
樟科	Lauraceae	毛黄肉楠	Actinodaphne pilosa	T	P*
		阴香	Cinnamomum burmanni	T	P*
		樟树	C. camphora	C	P
		黄果厚壳桂	Cryptocarya concinna	C	P
		滇粤山胡椒	Lindera metcalfiana	T	P
		山苍子	Litsea cubeba	C	P
		潺槁树	L. glutinosa	T	P*
		假柿木姜子	L.monopetala	C	P
		参考大果木姜子	L. sp. cf. lancilimba	C	P
		黄椿木姜	L. variabilis	C	P
		雄鸡树	L. variabilis f. chinensis	C	P
		轮叶木姜子	L. verticillata	T	P
		黄心树	Machilus gamblei	C	P
		刨花润楠	M. pauhoi	C	F
		润楠属一种	Machilus sp.	C	N
		香港新木姜	Neolitsea cambodiana var. glabra	T	P
		红毛山楠	Phoebe hungmoensis	T	P
		楠属一种	Phoebe sp.	T	P
木兰科	Magnoliaceae	观光木	Michelia odora	C	P
楝科	Meliaceae	苦楝	Melia azedaeach	T	P*
		香椿	Toona sinensis	T	P*
		割舌树	Walsura robusta	T	P
防己科	Menispermaceae	中华青牛胆	Tinospora sinensis	L	P
桑科	Moraceae	二色波罗密	Artocarpus styracifolius	C	P
		胭脂	A. tonkinensis	C	P
		葡蟠	Broussonetia kaempferi	L	P
		构树	B. papyrifera	C	P
		高山榕	Ficus altissima	T	P
		大果榕	F. auriculata	T	P
		黄毛榕	F. esquiroliana	C	P
		粗叶榕	F. hirta	T	P
		对叶榕	F. hispida	T	P*
		青藤公	F. langkokensis	C	P
		榕树	F. microcarpa	C	F
		斜叶榕	F. tinctoria subsp. gibbosa	C	P
		青果榕	F. variegate var. chlorocarpa	C	P*
		黄葛树	F. virens	C	F
紫金牛科	Myrsinaceae	罗伞树	Ardisia quinquegona	S	P
		越南紫金牛	A. waitakii	S	P
		白花酸藤果	Embelia ribes	L	P*
桃金娘科	Myrtaceae	水翁	Cleistocalyx operculatus	T	P*
		乌墨	Syzygium cumini	C	P
西番莲科	Passifloraceae	蒴莲	Adenia chevalieri	L	P
红树科	Rhizophoraceae	竹节树	Carallia brachiata	T	P
蔷薇科	Rosaceae	大叶桂樱	Laurocerasus zippeliana	T	P
		臀果木	Pygeum topengii	C	P
茜草科	Rubiaceae	毛山黄皮	Aidia pycnantha	T	P
		鱼骨木	Canthium dicoccum	T	P
		楠藤	Mussaenda erosa	L	P
		黐花	M. esquirolii	S	P
芸香科	Rutaceae	三桠苦	Evodia lepta	T	P
		大叶臭花椒	Zanthoxylum myriacanthum	T	P
清风藤科	Sabiaceae	香皮树	Meliosma fordii	C	P
		笔罗子	M. rigida	C	P
		绿樟	M. squamulata	T	P
		清风藤	Sabia japonica	L	P
檀香科	Santalaceae	寄生藤	Dendrotrophe frutescens	L	P
无患子科	Sapindaceae	柄果木	Mischocarpus sundaicus	T	P
		海南韶子	Nephelium topengii	C	P
山榄科	Sapotaceae	绒毛肉实树	Sarcosperma kachinense	T	P
梧桐科	Sterculiaceae	假苹婆	Sterculia lanceolata	T	P
安息香科	Styracaceae	赤杨叶	Alniphyllum fortunei	C	F
山矾科	Symplocaceae	腺叶山矾	Symplocos adenophylla	C	P
		越南山矾	S. cochinchinensis	C	P
椴树科	Tiliaceae	破布叶	Microcos paniculata	T	P
榆科	Ulmaceae	糙叶树	Aphananthe aspera	C	P
		白颜树	Gironniera subaequalis	T	P
		异色山黄麻	Trema orientalis	C	P
葡萄科	Vitaceae	粤蛇葡萄	Ampelopsis cantoniensis	L	P
		扁担藤	Tetrastigma planicaule	L	F
单子叶植物	Monocotyledons
天南星科	Araceae	麒麟叶	Epipremnum pinnatum	L	P
棕榈科	Arecaceae	鱼尾葵	Caryota ochlandra	C	F
百合科	Liliaceae	剑叶菝葜	Smilax lanceifolia	L	P
		抱茎菝葜	S. ocreata	L	P
芭蕉科	Musaceae	野蕉	Musa balbisiana	T	P

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