Plant community composition and structure of sixteen 1-ha forest dynamics monitoring plots of Nanling Mountains in Guangdong Province

doi:10.17520/biods.2025357

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: The Nanling Mountains serve as a key ecological corridor and transition zone between the mid- and south-subtropical regions of China. Both the tropical and temperate floras converge in this region, and therefore it is the northern or southern distributional boundaries for many plant species.

Methods: Based on 16 1-ha forest dynamics monitoring plots across the Guangdong Nanling National Nature Reserve, encompassing all major vegetation types throughout the region, we analyzed the species composition, floristic characteristics, size distribution, and spatial distribution of woody plants with ≥ 1 cm DBH (diameter at breast height).

Results A total of 75,141 individual trees and shrubs (100,923 stems, including branches) were recorded across the 16 plots, representing 582 species, 220 genera, and 78 families. Among these, 137 tropical genera (398 species; 62% of total genera, 68% of total species), 80 temperate genera (174 species; 36% of total genera, 30% of total species), and 3 cosmopolitan genera (10 species) were identified. The plot with the highest species richness contained 229 species, whereas the least diverse plot contained only 87 species. Dominant species in the tree layer varied among plots, effectively reflecting the primary forest types in the Nanling Mountains. Overall, all the plots exhibited stable inverse J-shaped size distributions for all the individuals together, but the dominant species in each plot and the same species among the plots varied considerably in size distribution. The results of species-area curves revealed substantial differences in species accumulation rates and saturation thresholds among the 16 plots. On average, sampling a 400 m² plot captured only 30% of the total species richness, whereas 90% species coverage was achieved at a plot size of 6,600 m². Spatial distribution patterns varied significantly across vegetation types and diameter classes. Dominant species exhibited distinct habitat preferences, and the same species (e.g., Schima superba and Pinus massoniana) displayed divergent spatial patterns across plots.

Conclusion: This study reveals substantial variation in plant species composition, community structure, and species’ spatial distributions among distinct vegetation types in the Nanling Mountains. These findings provide a foundation for long-term biodiversity monitoring in subtropical montane forests and support the development of the national park system.

Key words: Nanling Mountains, subtropical forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, community structure, species diversity

Li Huang, Zhifa Liu, Yuening Gong, Buhang Li, Jian Zhang. Plant community composition and structure of sixteen 1-ha forest dynamics monitoring plots of Nanling Mountains in Guangdong Province[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2026, 34(3): 25357.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2025357

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2026/V34/I3/25357

Figures/Tables 10

References 46

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样地编号 Plot ID	海拔 Altitude (m)	物种数 No. of species (DBH ≥ 1 cm)	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genera	总个体数 No. of individuals	植被类型 Vegetation type	乔木层优势种 Dominant species in tree layer
NL01	324	92	38	62	8,774	常绿针阔叶混交林 ECBF	马尾松 Pinus massoniana 鼠刺 Itea chinensis 油茶 Camellia oleifera
NL02	393	172	49	97	5,609	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	木荷 Schima superba 西南臀果木 Prunus arborea 硬壳桂 Cryptocarya chingii
NL03	447	185	56	113	9,538	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	硬壳桂 Cryptocarya chingii 鼠刺 Itea chinensis 檵木 Loropetalum chinense
NL04	600	229	54	110	6,409	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	蕈树 Liquidambar chinensis 双齿山茉莉 Huodendron biaristatum 米槠 Castanopsis carlesii
NL05	850	197	52	96	5,644	常绿落叶阔叶混交林 EDBF	南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris 贵州木瓜红 Rehderodendron kweichowense 栲 Castanopsis fargesii
NL06	861	188	52	104	8,805	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata 红楠 Machilus thunbergii 枫香树 Liquidambar formosana
NL07	879	170	48	85	4,117	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	赤杨叶 Alniphyllum fortunei 小叶青冈 Quercus myrsinaefolia 刺毛杜鹃 Rhododendron championiae
NL08	916	168	45	80	7,418	常绿落叶阔叶混交林 EDBF	弯蒴杜鹃 Rhododendron henryi 水青冈 Fagus longipetiolata 枫香树 Liquidambar formosana
NL09	972	187	53	96	7,167	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	栲 Castanopsis fargesii 木莲 Magnolia fordiana 尖叶川杨桐 Adinandra bockiana
NL10	1,083	198	52	93	5,687	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	木莲 Magnolia fordiana 罗浮锥 Castanopsis fabri 枫香树 Liquidambar formosana
NL11	1,206	170	49	88	6,313	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	红楠 Machilus thunbergii 香港四照花 Cornus hongkongensis 罗浮锥 Castanopsis fabri
NL12	1,234	154	39	71	6,909	常绿针阔叶混交林 ECBF	米槠 Castanopsis carlesii 弯蒴杜鹃 Rhododendron henryi 长苞铁杉 Nothotsuga longibracteata
NL13	1,300	148	38	69	4,353	常绿落叶阔叶混交林 EDBF	黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata 金毛柯 Lithocarpus chrysocomus 木荷 Schima superba
NL14	1,378	163	40	70	8,675	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	木荷 Schima superba 枫香树 Liquidambar formosana 银钟花 Perkinsiodendron macgregorii
NL15	1,393	124	37	58	2,710	常绿落叶阔叶混交林 EDBF	厚叶红淡比 Cleyera pachyphylla 黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata 红楠 Machilus thunbergii
NL16	1,620	87	27	41	2,795	常绿阔叶矮林 EBDF	罗浮锥 Castanopsis fabri 假地枫皮 Illicium jiadifengpi 红楠 Machilus thunbergii

样地编号 Plot ID	海拔 Altitude (m)	物种数 No. of species (DBH ≥ 1 cm)	科数 No. of families	属数 No. of genera	总个体数 No. of individuals	植被类型 Vegetation type	乔木层优势种 Dominant species in tree layer
NL01	324	92	38	62	8,774	常绿针阔叶混交林 ECBF	马尾松 Pinus massoniana 鼠刺 Itea chinensis 油茶 Camellia oleifera
NL02	393	172	49	97	5,609	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	木荷 Schima superba 西南臀果木 Prunus arborea 硬壳桂 Cryptocarya chingii
NL03	447	185	56	113	9,538	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	硬壳桂 Cryptocarya chingii 鼠刺 Itea chinensis 檵木 Loropetalum chinense
NL04	600	229	54	110	6,409	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	蕈树 Liquidambar chinensis 双齿山茉莉 Huodendron biaristatum 米槠 Castanopsis carlesii
NL05	850	197	52	96	5,644	常绿落叶阔叶混交林 EDBF	南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris 贵州木瓜红 Rehderodendron kweichowense 栲 Castanopsis fargesii
NL06	861	188	52	104	8,805	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata 红楠 Machilus thunbergii 枫香树 Liquidambar formosana
NL07	879	170	48	85	4,117	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	赤杨叶 Alniphyllum fortunei 小叶青冈 Quercus myrsinaefolia 刺毛杜鹃 Rhododendron championiae
NL08	916	168	45	80	7,418	常绿落叶阔叶混交林 EDBF	弯蒴杜鹃 Rhododendron henryi 水青冈 Fagus longipetiolata 枫香树 Liquidambar formosana
NL09	972	187	53	96	7,167	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	栲 Castanopsis fargesii 木莲 Magnolia fordiana 尖叶川杨桐 Adinandra bockiana
NL10	1,083	198	52	93	5,687	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	木莲 Magnolia fordiana 罗浮锥 Castanopsis fabri 枫香树 Liquidambar formosana
NL11	1,206	170	49	88	6,313	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	红楠 Machilus thunbergii 香港四照花 Cornus hongkongensis 罗浮锥 Castanopsis fabri
NL12	1,234	154	39	71	6,909	常绿针阔叶混交林 ECBF	米槠 Castanopsis carlesii 弯蒴杜鹃 Rhododendron henryi 长苞铁杉 Nothotsuga longibracteata
NL13	1,300	148	38	69	4,353	常绿落叶阔叶混交林 EDBF	黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata 金毛柯 Lithocarpus chrysocomus 木荷 Schima superba
NL14	1,378	163	40	70	8,675	常绿阔叶林 EBLF	木荷 Schima superba 枫香树 Liquidambar formosana 银钟花 Perkinsiodendron macgregorii
NL15	1,393	124	37	58	2,710	常绿落叶阔叶混交林 EDBF	厚叶红淡比 Cleyera pachyphylla 黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata 红楠 Machilus thunbergii
NL16	1,620	87	27	41	2,795	常绿阔叶矮林 EBDF	罗浮锥 Castanopsis fabri 假地枫皮 Illicium jiadifengpi 红楠 Machilus thunbergii

代码 Code	分布类型 Areal type	属数 No. of genera (%)	物种数 No. of species (%)
1	世界分布 Cosmopolitan	3 (1.36)	10 (1.72)
2	泛热带分布 Pantropic	42 (19.09)	135 (23.20)
3	东亚及热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia and Tropical America disjunction	16 (7.27)	106 (18.21)
4	旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropic	14 (6.36)	30 (5.15)
5	热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australia	17 (7.73)	30 (5.15)
6	热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	8 (3.64)	16 (2.75)
7	热带亚洲分布 Tropical Asia	40 (18.18)	81 (13.92)
热带成分小计(分布型2‒7) Subtotal in tropical elements (Types 2‒7)		137 (62.27)	398 (68.38)
8	北温带分布 North Temperate	26 (11.82)	78 (13.40)
9	东亚及北美间断分布 East Asia and North America disjunction	22 (10)	51 (8.76)
10	旧世界温带分布 Old World Temperate	3 (1.36)	5 (0.86)
11	温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia	0 (0)	0 (0)
12	地中海、西亚至中亚分布 Mediterranean, West Asia to Center Asia	2 (0.91)	2 (0.34)
13	中亚分布 Central Asia	0 (0)	0 (0)
14	东亚分布 East Asia	20 (9.09)	31 (5.33)
15	中国特有分布 Endemic to China	7 (3.18)	7 (1.20)
温带成分小计(分布型8‒15) Subtotal in temperate elements (Types 8‒15)		80 (36.36)	174 (29.90)
总计 Total		220 (100)	582 (100)

代码 Code	分布类型 Areal type	属数 No. of genera (%)	物种数 No. of species (%)
1	世界分布 Cosmopolitan	3 (1.36)	10 (1.72)
2	泛热带分布 Pantropic	42 (19.09)	135 (23.20)
3	东亚及热带美洲间断分布 Tropical Asia and Tropical America disjunction	16 (7.27)	106 (18.21)
4	旧世界热带分布 Old World Tropic	14 (6.36)	30 (5.15)
5	热带亚洲至热带大洋洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Australia	17 (7.73)	30 (5.15)
6	热带亚洲至热带非洲分布 Tropical Asia to Tropical Africa	8 (3.64)	16 (2.75)
7	热带亚洲分布 Tropical Asia	40 (18.18)	81 (13.92)
热带成分小计(分布型2‒7) Subtotal in tropical elements (Types 2‒7)		137 (62.27)	398 (68.38)
8	北温带分布 North Temperate	26 (11.82)	78 (13.40)
9	东亚及北美间断分布 East Asia and North America disjunction	22 (10)	51 (8.76)
10	旧世界温带分布 Old World Temperate	3 (1.36)	5 (0.86)
11	温带亚洲分布 Temperate Asia	0 (0)	0 (0)
12	地中海、西亚至中亚分布 Mediterranean, West Asia to Center Asia	2 (0.91)	2 (0.34)
13	中亚分布 Central Asia	0 (0)	0 (0)
14	东亚分布 East Asia	20 (9.09)	31 (5.33)
15	中国特有分布 Endemic to China	7 (3.18)	7 (1.20)
温带成分小计(分布型8‒15) Subtotal in temperate elements (Types 8‒15)		80 (36.36)	174 (29.90)
总计 Total		220 (100)	582 (100)

样地编号 Plot ID	木荷 Schima superba	红楠 Machilus thunbergii	罗浮锥 Castanopsis fabri	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	木莲 Magnolia fordiana	赤杨叶 Alniphyllum fortunei	米槠 Castanopsis carlesii	黄丹木姜子 Litsea elongata	枫香树 Liquidambar formosana	鼠刺 Itea chinensis
NL01	55 (1.71)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	341 (34.10)	0 (0.00)	36 (3.11)	1 (0.00)	2 (0.15)	13 (1.68)	4,074 (19.23)
NL02	574 (17.04)	0 (0.00)	5 (0.12)	5 (0.68)	0 (0.00)	34 (2.55)	0 (0.00)	9 (0.18)	22 (1.81)	200 (2.00)
NL03	93 (3.99)	1 (0.00)	2 (0.00)	4 (0.28)	1 (0.00)	66 (6.31)	6 (0.09)	94 (0.57)	3 (0.61)	1,222 (7.47)
NL04	6 (0.23)	2 (0.14)	40 (1.59)	0 (0.00)	20 (1.11)	2 (0.08)	486 (7.45)	140 (1.62)	0 (0.00)	105 (0.74)
NL05	31 (0.86)	32 (0.64)	29 (0.88)	0 (0.00)	186 (4.32)	20 (1.32)	7 (0.31)	251 (2.26)	0 (0.00)	206 (0.33)
NL06	4 (0.11)	658 (14.03)	3 (0.17)	0 (0.00)	13 (0.31)	42 (1.67)	7 (0.17)	30 (0.32)	96 (5.69)	2 (0.00)
NL07	8 (0.17)	55 (1.95)	66 (2.19)	15 (3.45)	130 (3.04)	88 (4.83)	33 (2.17)	48 (0.57)	0 (0.00)	9 (0.15)
NL08	112 (3.39)	125 (2.01)	176 (3.45)	4 (0.12)	82 (1.27)	161 (4.12)	0 (0.00)	154 (1.38)	153 (5.03)	54 (0.12)
NL09	103 (1.03)	173 (2.34)	209 (2.97)	15 (3.12)	283 (4.72)	119 (2.97)	0 (0.00)	310 (3.22)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)
NL10	50 (1.10)	253 (3.32)	208 (4.94)	0 (0.00)	303 (11.81)	67 (3.85)	0 (0.00)	373 (2.25)	43 (4.12)	5 (0.00)
NL11	3 (0.20)	532 (14.19)	147 (7.05)	0 (0.00)	204 (4.27)	27 (1.37)	140 (4.70)	152 (2.48)	0 (0.00)	11 (0.06)
NL12	73 (2.13)	313 (5.52)	125 (4.18)	40 (3.15)	35 (0.85)	62 (3.29)	618 (21.03)	119 (1.08)	0 (0.00)	13 (0.08)
NL13	105 (6.26)	28 (2.03)	27 (0.91)	0 (0.00)	35 (0.60)	0 (0.00)	42 (1.83)	263 (7.11)	0 (0.00)	14 (0.27)
NL14	1,358 (36.23)	188 (2.06)	2 (0.00)	49 (3.53)	94 (1.38)	41 (1.11)	0 (0.00)	79 (0.35)	339 (7.54)	26 (0.08)
NL15	18 (2.94)	100 (4.76)	14 (1.91)	0 (0.00)	43 (3.26)	0 (0.00)	4 (0.12)	278 (6.05)	12 (2.49)	11 (0.00)
NL16	1 (0.11)	94 (9.73)	117 (14.74)	0 (0.00)	39 (2.92)	0 (0.00)	0 (0.00)	3 (0.26)	0 (0.00)	1 (0.00)