Driving forces and the diversity of fungal communities in complex contaminated tailings drainage

doi:10.17520/biods.2020181

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims:Metal tailings drainage contains heavy metals and a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants, but a large number of microorganisms still exist in this extreme habitat. In order to reveal the composition pattern and diversity maintaining mechanism of fungal communities in alkaline copper mine drainage, the composition, abundance and distribution pattern of fungal communities in five water sites in Shibahe tailings reservoir were studied by using the rDNA gene amplification sequencing and qPCR in ITS1 area.
Methods:The fungal community compositions among different sample points were compared by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The relationship between physicochemical factors and the distribution of fungal communities were analyzed by redundancy analysis (RDA). The main factors influencing community structure were analyzed by null model. The interactions between fungal genera were analyzed by network.
Results:the results showed that Bullera, Schizangiella, Acremonium and Yarrowia were the dominant genera. The relative abundance of fungal communities varied significantly from phylum to genus level in different sampling sites. The abundance of fungal communities increased gradually along the direction of water flow and was positively correlated with the concentration of total organic carbon (TOC). PH, heavy metals (As and Cu), inorganic carbon (IC) and ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺) were significantly correlated with the α-diversity of the communities. The distribution of fungal communities in different sample sites was obviously different. The physicochemical factors had no significant effect on the distribution of fungal community. The null deviation values of fungal communities in different sampling sites were greater than zero, and there were complex interactions among different genera.
Conclusions:These results indicated that the environmental factors only have a significant correlation with the α-diversity of the fungal communities, while the β-diversity was mainly affected by the interaction between species in tailings drainage. Our findings highlight that there is a relatively complex fungal community dynamic pattern in alkaline copper tailings drainage.

Key words: tailings drainage, fungal communities, diversity, maintenance mechanism

Jinxian Liu, Baofeng Chai, Zhengming Luo. Driving forces and the diversity of fungal communities in complex contaminated tailings drainage[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2021, 29(3): 373-384.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2020181

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2021/V29/I3/373

Figures/Tables 9

References 35

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因子 Parameter	采样点 Sample site
	STW1	STW2	STW3	SUSW	SDSW
pH	9.382 ± 0.095 ^a	9.131 ± 0.053 ^a	8.147 ± 0.048 ^b	8.190 ± 0.032 ^b	8.014 ± 0.076 ^b
溶解氧 DO (mg/L)	8.560 ± 0.195 ^a	10.218 ± 0.466 ^a	10.661 ± 0.527 ^a	10.643 ± 0.281 ^a	11.114 ± 3.292 ^a
电导率 EC (uS/cm)	1,834.333 ± 31.205 ^a	1,832.001 ± 20.466 ^a	865.143 ± 3.106 ^b	1,427.333 ± 59.218 ^ab	404.333 ± 8.511 ^c
硝态氮$NO_{3}^{-}$ (mg/L)	134.373 ± 5.417 ^a	85.170 ± 1.553 ^ab	14.315 ± 1.142 ^bc	5.265 ± 0.345 ^c	4.698 ± 0.364 ^c
亚硝态氮$NO_{2}^{-}$ (mg/L)	10.548 ± 0.405 ^a	6.959 ± 0.20 ^ab	1.259 ± 0.096 ^bc	0.575 ± 0.057 ^c	0.478 ± 0.044 ^c
铵态氮$NH_{4}^{+}$ (mg/L)	1.453 ± 0.003 ^ab	1.715± 0.019^a	0.340 ± 0.116 ^b	2.333 ± 0.030 ^a	0.387 ± 0.015 ^b
总碳 TC (mg/L)	20.600 ± 0.035 ^c	24.723 ± 0.818 ^bc	34.523 ± 3.215 ^ab	25.070 ± 0.023 ^bc	52.315 ± 0.136 ^a
总有机碳 TOC (mg/L)	7.597 ± 0.003 ^abc	8.520 ± 1.529 ^bc	14.100 ± 0.075 ^ab	5.253 ± 0.020 ^c	19.344 ± 3.374 ^a
无机碳 IC (mg/L)	13.005 ± 0.032 ^c	16.202 ± 0.291 ^bc	20.179 ± 2.703 ^bc	19.820 ± 0.001 ^ab	43.015 ± 0.061 ^a
硫酸盐$SO_{4}^{2-}$ (mg/L)	1,582.500 ± 2.977 ^a	1,207.558 ± 100.997 ^a	837.255 ± 38.754 ^ab	897.900 ± 97.900 ^ab	117.655 ± 11.311 ^c
砷 As (mg/L)	2.407± 0.021^a	2.853 ± 0.171 ^a	0.155 ± 0.012 ^b	0.180 ± 0.009 ^ab	0.003 ± 0.003 ^b
镉 Cd (mg/L)	0.004 ± 0.001 ^a	0.002 ± 0.001 ^a	0.002 ± 0.003 ^a	0.003 ± 0.002 ^a	BDL
铜 Cu (mg/L)	0.017 ± 0.009 ^ab	0.032 ± 0.004 ^a	0.016 ± 0.004 ^ab	0.006 ± 0.002 ^b	0.008 ± 0.001 ^b
铅 Pb (mg/L)	0.060 ± 0.036 ^a	0.021 ± 0.013 ^a	0.025 ± 0.030 ^a	0.043 ± 0.006 ^a	BDL
锌 Zn (mg/L)	0.012 ± 0.001 ^ab	0.011 ± 0.004 ^b	0.009 ± 0.003 ^b	2.741 ± 1.058 ^a	0.249 ± 0.057 ^a

因子 Parameter	采样点 Sample site
	STW1	STW2	STW3	SUSW	SDSW
pH	9.382 ± 0.095 ^a	9.131 ± 0.053 ^a	8.147 ± 0.048 ^b	8.190 ± 0.032 ^b	8.014 ± 0.076 ^b
溶解氧 DO (mg/L)	8.560 ± 0.195 ^a	10.218 ± 0.466 ^a	10.661 ± 0.527 ^a	10.643 ± 0.281 ^a	11.114 ± 3.292 ^a
电导率 EC (uS/cm)	1,834.333 ± 31.205 ^a	1,832.001 ± 20.466 ^a	865.143 ± 3.106 ^b	1,427.333 ± 59.218 ^ab	404.333 ± 8.511 ^c
硝态氮$NO_{3}^{-}$ (mg/L)	134.373 ± 5.417 ^a	85.170 ± 1.553 ^ab	14.315 ± 1.142 ^bc	5.265 ± 0.345 ^c	4.698 ± 0.364 ^c
亚硝态氮$NO_{2}^{-}$ (mg/L)	10.548 ± 0.405 ^a	6.959 ± 0.20 ^ab	1.259 ± 0.096 ^bc	0.575 ± 0.057 ^c	0.478 ± 0.044 ^c
铵态氮$NH_{4}^{+}$ (mg/L)	1.453 ± 0.003 ^ab	1.715± 0.019^a	0.340 ± 0.116 ^b	2.333 ± 0.030 ^a	0.387 ± 0.015 ^b
总碳 TC (mg/L)	20.600 ± 0.035 ^c	24.723 ± 0.818 ^bc	34.523 ± 3.215 ^ab	25.070 ± 0.023 ^bc	52.315 ± 0.136 ^a
总有机碳 TOC (mg/L)	7.597 ± 0.003 ^abc	8.520 ± 1.529 ^bc	14.100 ± 0.075 ^ab	5.253 ± 0.020 ^c	19.344 ± 3.374 ^a
无机碳 IC (mg/L)	13.005 ± 0.032 ^c	16.202 ± 0.291 ^bc	20.179 ± 2.703 ^bc	19.820 ± 0.001 ^ab	43.015 ± 0.061 ^a
硫酸盐$SO_{4}^{2-}$ (mg/L)	1,582.500 ± 2.977 ^a	1,207.558 ± 100.997 ^a	837.255 ± 38.754 ^ab	897.900 ± 97.900 ^ab	117.655 ± 11.311 ^c
砷 As (mg/L)	2.407± 0.021^a	2.853 ± 0.171 ^a	0.155 ± 0.012 ^b	0.180 ± 0.009 ^ab	0.003 ± 0.003 ^b
镉 Cd (mg/L)	0.004 ± 0.001 ^a	0.002 ± 0.001 ^a	0.002 ± 0.003 ^a	0.003 ± 0.002 ^a	BDL
铜 Cu (mg/L)	0.017 ± 0.009 ^ab	0.032 ± 0.004 ^a	0.016 ± 0.004 ^ab	0.006 ± 0.002 ^b	0.008 ± 0.001 ^b
铅 Pb (mg/L)	0.060 ± 0.036 ^a	0.021 ± 0.013 ^a	0.025 ± 0.030 ^a	0.043 ± 0.006 ^a	BDL
锌 Zn (mg/L)	0.012 ± 0.001 ^ab	0.011 ± 0.004 ^b	0.009 ± 0.003 ^b	2.741 ± 1.058 ^a	0.249 ± 0.057 ^a

采样点 Sampling point	序列数 Sequence number	OTU个数 OTUs	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	盖度 Coverage
STW1	76,565.673 ± 251.658 ^c	404.675 ± 13.436 ^c	478.636 ± 25.356 ^b	5.496 ± 0.012 ^a	0.948 ± 0.001 ^a	0.999 ± 0.000 ^a
STW2	63,438.606 ± 317.863 ^d	118.658 ± 6.813 ^e	135.338 ± 10.784 ^d	2.387 ± 0.019 ^e	0.554 ± 0.005 ^d	0.998 ± 0.001 ^a
STW3	80,413.333 ± 224.795 ^b	499.582 ± 12.000 ^a	519.275 ± 16.587 ^a	5.096 ± 0.015 ^b	0.938 ± 0.001 ^b	0.997 ± 0.001 ^b
SUSW	81,207.36±165.631^a	460.055 ± 6.084 ^b	484.696 ± 11.345 ^b	2.982 ± 0.017 ^c	0.586 ± 0.004 ^d	0.996 ± 0.001 ^b
SDSW	81,094.014±45.935^a	237.336 ± 19.759 ^d	259.418 ± 11.001 ^c	2.585 ± 0.013 ^d	0.692 ± 0.002 ^c	0.999 ± 0.001 ^a

采样点 Sampling point	序列数 Sequence number	OTU个数 OTUs	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	盖度 Coverage
STW1	76,565.673 ± 251.658 ^c	404.675 ± 13.436 ^c	478.636 ± 25.356 ^b	5.496 ± 0.012 ^a	0.948 ± 0.001 ^a	0.999 ± 0.000 ^a
STW2	63,438.606 ± 317.863 ^d	118.658 ± 6.813 ^e	135.338 ± 10.784 ^d	2.387 ± 0.019 ^e	0.554 ± 0.005 ^d	0.998 ± 0.001 ^a
STW3	80,413.333 ± 224.795 ^b	499.582 ± 12.000 ^a	519.275 ± 16.587 ^a	5.096 ± 0.015 ^b	0.938 ± 0.001 ^b	0.997 ± 0.001 ^b
SUSW	81,207.36±165.631^a	460.055 ± 6.084 ^b	484.696 ± 11.345 ^b	2.982 ± 0.017 ^c	0.586 ± 0.004 ^d	0.996 ± 0.001 ^b
SDSW	81,094.014±45.935^a	237.336 ± 19.759 ^d	259.418 ± 11.001 ^c	2.585 ± 0.013 ^d	0.692 ± 0.002 ^c	0.999 ± 0.001 ^a

环境因子 Parameter	OTUs
pH	-0.706**	-0.710**	-0.258	-0.268	0.107
DO	-0.193	-0.179	-0.329	-0.404	0.057
EC	-0.338	-0.336	-0.007	-0.200	0.257
$NO_{3}^{-}$	-0.132	-0.129	0.346	0.293	0.493
$NO_{2}^{-}$	-0.132	-0.132	0.350	0.296	0.471
$NH_{4}^{+}$	-0.189	-0.198	-0.214	-0.536*	-0.307
TC	0.106	0.086	-0.343	-0.118	-0.004
TOC	0.060	0.080	-0.025	0.297	0.425*
IC	-0.203	-0.244	-0.530*	-0.434	-0.498
$SO_{4}^{2-}$	-0.262	-0.270	0.229	0.068	0.007
As	-0.628*	-0.632*	-0.186	-0.261	0.104
Cd	-0.376	-0.340	-0.004	0.082	-0.021
Cu	-0.616*	-0.579*	-0.400	-0.239	0.346
Pb	-0.126	-0.082	0.179	0.039	-0.190
Zn	0.179	0.161	-0.050	-0.146	-0.350