Biodiv Sci ›› 2020, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 11-19. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2019172
• Editorial • Previous Articles Next Articles
Ke Wang1,2,Dongmei Liu3,Lei Cai4,Haijun Wu1,2,Yi Li1,5,Tiezheng Wei1,Yonghui Wang1,2,Hongmei Wu1,2,Xiaodan Wei1,2,Binbin Li1,2,Junsheng Li3,*(),Yijian Yao1,*(
)
Received:
2019-05-23
Accepted:
2019-07-09
Online:
2020-01-20
Published:
2019-12-13
Contact:
Junsheng Li,Yijian Yao
Ke Wang,Dongmei Liu,Lei Cai,Haijun Wu,Yi Li,Tiezheng Wei,Yonghui Wang,Hongmei Wu,Xiaodan Wei,Binbin Li,Junsheng Li,Yijian Yao. Methods and procedures of the red list assessment of macrofungi in China[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2020, 28(1): 11-19.
A: 种群1减少。基于A1到A4中任何一种在30年内种群减少 Population1 size reduction. Population reduction (measured over the longer of 30 years) based on any of A1 to A4 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
极危 CR | 濒危 EN | 易危 VU | |||||
A1 | ≥ 90% | ≥ 70% | ≥ 50% | ||||
A2, A3 & A4 | ≥ 80% | ≥ 50% | ≥ 30% | ||||
A1: 通过观测、估计、推断或猜测, 种群在过去有所减少, 其致危因素是可逆转的、可理解并能终止的。Population reduction observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected in the past where the causes of the reduction are clearly reversible and understood and have ceased. A2: 通过观测、估计、推断或猜测, 种群在过去有所减少, 其致危因素是不能逆转、不能理解、也不能终止的。Population reduction observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected in the past where the causes of reduction may not have ceased or may not be understood or may not be reversible. A3: 通过观测、估计、推断或猜测, 种群在未来(最长100年内)有所减少[(a)不能用于A3]。Population reduction projected, inferred or suspected to be met in the future (up to a maximum of 100 years) [(a) cannot be used for A3]. A4: 通过观测、估计、推断或猜测, 种群必须在过去和未来(最长100年内)都有所减少, 其致危因素是不能逆转、不能理解也不能终止的。An observed, estimated, inferred, projected or suspected population reduction where the time period must include both the past and the future (up to a max. of 100 years in future), and where the causes of reduction may not have ceased or may not be understood or may not be reversible. | (a)直接观察(除了A3) Direct observation (except A3) (b)适合该分类单位的丰富度指数 An index of abundance appropriate to the taxon (c)占有面积、分布范围减少或/和栖息地质量下降 A decline in area of occupancy (AOO), extent of occurrence (EOO) and/or habitat quality (d)实际的或潜在的开发利用影响 Actual or potential levels of exploitation (e)受外来物种、杂交、病原、污染、竞争者或寄生物带来的不利影响 Effects of introduced taxa, hybridization, pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites. | ||||||
B: 地理分布范围减少, 或具有少数地点、严重破碎或种群波动 Geographic range in the form of either B1 (extent of occurrence) and/or B2 (area of occupancy) | |||||||
极危 CR | 濒危 EN | 易危 VU | |||||
B1: 分布区 Extent of occurrence (EOO) 2 | < 100 km2 | < 5,000 km2 | < 20,000 km2 | ||||
B2: 占有面积 Area of occupancy (AOO) 3 | < 10 km2 | < 500 km2 | < 2,000 km2 | ||||
以下3个条件中至少满足2条 And at least 2 of the following 3 conditions: | |||||||
(a)生境严重破碎或已知分布点数 Severely fragmented or number of locations | = 1 | ≤ 5 | ≤ 10 | ||||
(b)以下条件中任一下降或减少 Continuing decline observed, estimated, inferred or projected in any of: (i)分布范围 Extent of occurrence; (ii)占有面积 Area of occupancy; (iii)生境面积、范围和/或质量 Area, extent and/or quality of habitat; (iv)地点或亚种群的数目 Number of locations or subpopulations; (v)成熟个体数 Number of mature individuals。 | |||||||
(c)以下条件中任一极度波动 Extreme fluctuations in any of: (i)分布范围 Extent of occurrence; (ii)占有面积 Area of occupancy; (iii)生长地点数或亚种群数 Number of locations or subpopulations; (iv)成熟个体数 Number of mature individuals。 | |||||||
C: 小种群且在衰退 Small population size and decline | |||||||
极危 CR | 濒危 EN | 易危 VU | |||||
成熟个体4数量 Number of mature individuals | < 250 | < 2,500 | < 10,000 | ||||
C1和C2至少满足一个条件 And at least one of C1 or C2 | |||||||
C1: 估计持续下降的幅度 An observed, estimated or projected continuing decline of at least: | 10年内持续下降至少25% At least continuous 25% decline within 10 years | 15年内持续下降至少20% At least continuous 20% decline within 15 years | 30年内持续下降至少10% At least continuous 10% decline within 30 years | ||||
C2: 持续下降, 且符合以下至少1个条件 An observed, estimated, projected or inferred continuing decline and at least 1 of the following 3 conditions: | |||||||
(a) | (i)每个亚种群成熟个体数 Number of mature individuals in each subpopulation | < 50 | < 250 | < 1,000 | |||
(ii)一个亚种群个体数占总数的百分比 Percentage of mature individuals in one subpopulation | 90%-100% | 95%-100% | 100% | ||||
(b) 成熟个体数量极度波动 Extreme fluctuations in the number of mature individuals | |||||||
D: 小种群或局限分布 Very small or restricted population | |||||||
极危 CR | 濒危 EN | 易危 VU | |||||
D1: 种群成熟个体数 Number of mature individuals | < 50 | < 250 | < 1,000 | ||||
D2: 易受人类活动影响, 可能在极短时间成为极危, 甚至灭绝 Only applies to the VU category restricted area of occupancy or number of locations with a plausible future threat that could drive the taxon to CR or EX in a very short time | 种群占有面积< 20 km2或地点< 5个 Typically: AOO < 20 km² or number of locations ≤ 5 | ||||||
E: 定量分析 Quantitative analysis | |||||||
极危 CR | 濒危 EN | 易危 VU | |||||
使用定量模型评估野外灭绝率 Indicating the probability of extinction in the wild to be: | ≥ 50% (今后10年或三世代内 In 10 years or 3 generations, whichever is longer) | ≥ 20% (今后20年或五世代内 In 20 years or 5 generations, whichever is longer) | ≥ 10% (今后100年内 In 100 years) |
A: 种群1减少。基于A1到A4中任何一种在30年内种群减少 Population1 size reduction. Population reduction (measured over the longer of 30 years) based on any of A1 to A4 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
极危 CR | 濒危 EN | 易危 VU | |||||
A1 | ≥ 90% | ≥ 70% | ≥ 50% | ||||
A2, A3 & A4 | ≥ 80% | ≥ 50% | ≥ 30% | ||||
A1: 通过观测、估计、推断或猜测, 种群在过去有所减少, 其致危因素是可逆转的、可理解并能终止的。Population reduction observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected in the past where the causes of the reduction are clearly reversible and understood and have ceased. A2: 通过观测、估计、推断或猜测, 种群在过去有所减少, 其致危因素是不能逆转、不能理解、也不能终止的。Population reduction observed, estimated, inferred, or suspected in the past where the causes of reduction may not have ceased or may not be understood or may not be reversible. A3: 通过观测、估计、推断或猜测, 种群在未来(最长100年内)有所减少[(a)不能用于A3]。Population reduction projected, inferred or suspected to be met in the future (up to a maximum of 100 years) [(a) cannot be used for A3]. A4: 通过观测、估计、推断或猜测, 种群必须在过去和未来(最长100年内)都有所减少, 其致危因素是不能逆转、不能理解也不能终止的。An observed, estimated, inferred, projected or suspected population reduction where the time period must include both the past and the future (up to a max. of 100 years in future), and where the causes of reduction may not have ceased or may not be understood or may not be reversible. | (a)直接观察(除了A3) Direct observation (except A3) (b)适合该分类单位的丰富度指数 An index of abundance appropriate to the taxon (c)占有面积、分布范围减少或/和栖息地质量下降 A decline in area of occupancy (AOO), extent of occurrence (EOO) and/or habitat quality (d)实际的或潜在的开发利用影响 Actual or potential levels of exploitation (e)受外来物种、杂交、病原、污染、竞争者或寄生物带来的不利影响 Effects of introduced taxa, hybridization, pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites. | ||||||
B: 地理分布范围减少, 或具有少数地点、严重破碎或种群波动 Geographic range in the form of either B1 (extent of occurrence) and/or B2 (area of occupancy) | |||||||
极危 CR | 濒危 EN | 易危 VU | |||||
B1: 分布区 Extent of occurrence (EOO) 2 | < 100 km2 | < 5,000 km2 | < 20,000 km2 | ||||
B2: 占有面积 Area of occupancy (AOO) 3 | < 10 km2 | < 500 km2 | < 2,000 km2 | ||||
以下3个条件中至少满足2条 And at least 2 of the following 3 conditions: | |||||||
(a)生境严重破碎或已知分布点数 Severely fragmented or number of locations | = 1 | ≤ 5 | ≤ 10 | ||||
(b)以下条件中任一下降或减少 Continuing decline observed, estimated, inferred or projected in any of: (i)分布范围 Extent of occurrence; (ii)占有面积 Area of occupancy; (iii)生境面积、范围和/或质量 Area, extent and/or quality of habitat; (iv)地点或亚种群的数目 Number of locations or subpopulations; (v)成熟个体数 Number of mature individuals。 | |||||||
(c)以下条件中任一极度波动 Extreme fluctuations in any of: (i)分布范围 Extent of occurrence; (ii)占有面积 Area of occupancy; (iii)生长地点数或亚种群数 Number of locations or subpopulations; (iv)成熟个体数 Number of mature individuals。 | |||||||
C: 小种群且在衰退 Small population size and decline | |||||||
极危 CR | 濒危 EN | 易危 VU | |||||
成熟个体4数量 Number of mature individuals | < 250 | < 2,500 | < 10,000 | ||||
C1和C2至少满足一个条件 And at least one of C1 or C2 | |||||||
C1: 估计持续下降的幅度 An observed, estimated or projected continuing decline of at least: | 10年内持续下降至少25% At least continuous 25% decline within 10 years | 15年内持续下降至少20% At least continuous 20% decline within 15 years | 30年内持续下降至少10% At least continuous 10% decline within 30 years | ||||
C2: 持续下降, 且符合以下至少1个条件 An observed, estimated, projected or inferred continuing decline and at least 1 of the following 3 conditions: | |||||||
(a) | (i)每个亚种群成熟个体数 Number of mature individuals in each subpopulation | < 50 | < 250 | < 1,000 | |||
(ii)一个亚种群个体数占总数的百分比 Percentage of mature individuals in one subpopulation | 90%-100% | 95%-100% | 100% | ||||
(b) 成熟个体数量极度波动 Extreme fluctuations in the number of mature individuals | |||||||
D: 小种群或局限分布 Very small or restricted population | |||||||
极危 CR | 濒危 EN | 易危 VU | |||||
D1: 种群成熟个体数 Number of mature individuals | < 50 | < 250 | < 1,000 | ||||
D2: 易受人类活动影响, 可能在极短时间成为极危, 甚至灭绝 Only applies to the VU category restricted area of occupancy or number of locations with a plausible future threat that could drive the taxon to CR or EX in a very short time | 种群占有面积< 20 km2或地点< 5个 Typically: AOO < 20 km² or number of locations ≤ 5 | ||||||
E: 定量分析 Quantitative analysis | |||||||
极危 CR | 濒危 EN | 易危 VU | |||||
使用定量模型评估野外灭绝率 Indicating the probability of extinction in the wild to be: | ≥ 50% (今后10年或三世代内 In 10 years or 3 generations, whichever is longer) | ≥ 20% (今后20年或五世代内 In 20 years or 5 generations, whichever is longer) | ≥ 10% (今后100年内 In 100 years) |
分类地位 Taxonomy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
界 Kingdom | 门 Phylum | 纲 Class | 目 Order | 科 Family |
真菌界 Fungi | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 锤舌菌纲 Leotiomycetes | 未定目 Incertae sedis | 未定科 Incertae sedis |
学名 Scientific Name | Hemiglossum yunnanense | |||
汉语学名 Chinese Name | 云南假地舌菌 | |||
命名人 Species Authority | Pat. | |||
同物异名 Synonym(s) | = Microglossum yunnanense (Pat.) Sacc. | |||
分类备注 Taxonomic Notes | 该物种为1890年基于采自云南大理的单一标本发表的新种, 目前全世界仅存一份标本, 此后100多年里再无新的采集记录。 | |||
评估信息 Assessment Information | ||||
红色名录等级及标准 Red List Category & Criteria | 疑似灭绝 PE | |||
发布年份 Year Published | 2018 | |||
评估日期 Date Assessed | 2016/9/27 | |||
评定人 Assessor(s) | 庄文颖, 李熠 | |||
审定人 Reviewer(s) | 徐阿生, 姚一建 | |||
描述 Justification | ||||
地理分布 Geographic Range | ||||
分布区 Range Description | 云南 | |||
分布国家 Countries Occurrence | 中国 | |||
分布图 Range Map | ||||
种群 Population | ||||
种群数量 Population Size | 减少 | |||
种群趋势 Current Population Trend | 衰退 | |||
附件信息 Additional Data | 无 | |||
生境 Habitat and Ecology | ||||
生境 Habitat and Ecology | ||||
生态系统 Ecosystems | ||||
世代年限 Generation Length (years) | ||||
商业用途 Use and Trade | ||||
商业用途 Use and Trade | 无 | |||
威胁因子 Threats | ||||
主要威胁因子 Major Threat(s) | 中国特有种, 分布区域狭小, 种群数量有限。 | |||
保护行动 Conservation Actions | ||||
保护行动 Conservation Actions | 该物种未被列入国家保护物种, 其分布地未被保护区覆盖。为了彻底澄清该物种的受威胁状态, 建议启动针对该物种的实地调查和监测, 并考虑必要的保护措施。 | |||
参考文献 Citation | ||||
分类地位 Taxonomy | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
界 Kingdom | 门 Phylum | 纲 Class | 目 Order | 科 Family |
真菌界 Fungi | 子囊菌门 Ascomycota | 锤舌菌纲 Leotiomycetes | 未定目 Incertae sedis | 未定科 Incertae sedis |
学名 Scientific Name | Hemiglossum yunnanense | |||
汉语学名 Chinese Name | 云南假地舌菌 | |||
命名人 Species Authority | Pat. | |||
同物异名 Synonym(s) | = Microglossum yunnanense (Pat.) Sacc. | |||
分类备注 Taxonomic Notes | 该物种为1890年基于采自云南大理的单一标本发表的新种, 目前全世界仅存一份标本, 此后100多年里再无新的采集记录。 | |||
评估信息 Assessment Information | ||||
红色名录等级及标准 Red List Category & Criteria | 疑似灭绝 PE | |||
发布年份 Year Published | 2018 | |||
评估日期 Date Assessed | 2016/9/27 | |||
评定人 Assessor(s) | 庄文颖, 李熠 | |||
审定人 Reviewer(s) | 徐阿生, 姚一建 | |||
描述 Justification | ||||
地理分布 Geographic Range | ||||
分布区 Range Description | 云南 | |||
分布国家 Countries Occurrence | 中国 | |||
分布图 Range Map | ||||
种群 Population | ||||
种群数量 Population Size | 减少 | |||
种群趋势 Current Population Trend | 衰退 | |||
附件信息 Additional Data | 无 | |||
生境 Habitat and Ecology | ||||
生境 Habitat and Ecology | ||||
生态系统 Ecosystems | ||||
世代年限 Generation Length (years) | ||||
商业用途 Use and Trade | ||||
商业用途 Use and Trade | 无 | |||
威胁因子 Threats | ||||
主要威胁因子 Major Threat(s) | 中国特有种, 分布区域狭小, 种群数量有限。 | |||
保护行动 Conservation Actions | ||||
保护行动 Conservation Actions | 该物种未被列入国家保护物种, 其分布地未被保护区覆盖。为了彻底澄清该物种的受威胁状态, 建议启动针对该物种的实地调查和监测, 并考虑必要的保护措施。 | |||
参考文献 Citation | ||||
[1] | IUCN (2012a) IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 3.1, 2nd edn. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK. |
[2] | IUCN (2012b) Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels, Version 4.0. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland & Cambridge, UK. |
[3] | IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee (2016) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, Version 12. The Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. . |
[4] | Li Y, Liu DM, Wang K, Wu HJ, Cai L, Cai L, Li JS, Yao YJ ( 2020) Red list assessment of macrofungi in China: Challenges and measures. Biodiversity Science, 28, 66-73. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[ 李熠, 刘冬梅, 王科, 吴海军, 蔡蕾, 蔡磊, 李俊生, 姚一建 ( 2020) 中国大型真菌红色名录评估中存在的问题及今后的对策. 生物多样性, 28, 66-73.] | |
[5] | Miller RM, Rodríguez JP, Aniskowicz-Fowler T, Bambaradeniya C, Boles R, Eaton MA, Gärdenfors U, Keller V, Molur S, Walker S, Pollock C ( 2007) National threatened species listing based on IUCN criteria and regional guidelines: Current status and future perspectives. Conservation Biology, 21, 684-696. |
[6] | Smith ML, Bruhn JN, Anderson JB (1992) The fungus Armillaria bulbosa is among the largest and oldest living organisms. Nature, 356, 428-431. |
[7] | Wang K, Zhao MJ, Su JH, Yang L, Deng H, Wang YH, Wu HJ, Li Y, Wu HM, Wei XD, Wei TZ, Cai L, Yao YJ ( 2020) The use of Checklist of Fungi in China database in the red list assessment of macrofungi in China. Biodiversity Science, 28, 74-98. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[ 王科, 赵明君, 苏锦河, 杨柳, 邓红, 王永会, 吴海军, 李熠, 吴红梅, 卫晓丹, 魏铁铮, 蔡磊, 姚一建 (2020) 中国菌物名录数据库在大型真菌红色名录编制中的作用. 生物多样性, 28, 74-98.] | |
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[ 姚一建 ( 2020) 中国大型真菌红色名录评估. 生物多样性, 28, 1-3.] |
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