Waterbirds diversity, seasonal dynamics, and interspecific correlation in the wetlands of Beili and Houshui Bays, Hainan

doi:10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08217

Abstract

Abstract:

We conducted monthly waterbird surveys using random transects in Beili and Houshui Bays, Hainan Island from November 2004 to November 2005. Fifty waterbird species of 5 orders and 10 families were recorded. The waterbird species richness and abundance were the highest in November and the lowest in June. The abundance of waterbirds was correlated among species and affected seasonal dynamics and species richness. Asian dowitcher (Limnodromus semipalmatus) was recorded for the first time in Hainan Island. The endangered black-faced spoonbill (Platalea minor) occurred at the study sites from September to April. The highest number (75) of this species was observed in Beili Bay in December while the largest flock (9 individuals) was present in Houshui Bay in January and February. The Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were higher in Beili Bay than in Houshui Bay. Differences in area and habitat heterogeneity between the two sites probably affected observed variation of waterbird community structure. Human disturbance might be an important factor altering wintering habitat of black-faced spoonbill. The results suggest that Beili and Houshui Bays are important wintering site of many waterbirds, particularly black-faced spoonbill; long-term monitoring and conservation programs should be considered.

Key words: waterbirds, species richness, diversity, seasonal dynamics, black-faced spoonbill, Beili Bay, Houshui Bay, Hainan

Canchao Yang, Yan Cai, Wei Liang, Guogang Zhang, Haitao Shi. Waterbirds diversity, seasonal dynamics, and interspecific correlation in the wetlands of Beili and Houshui Bays, Hainan[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2009, 17(3): 226-232.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1003.2009.08217

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2009/V17/I3/226

Figures/Tables 8

References 16

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科名 Family	物种 Species	最大数量 Maximum number	有观察记录月份 Observation months	地点 Site
科名 Family	物种 Species	最大数量 Maximum number	有观察记录月份 Observation months	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay
鹭科 Ardeidae	苍鹭 Ardea cinerea	180	5-6, 8-3	√	√
	池鹭 Ardeola bacchus	72	7, 9-3	√	√
	牛背鹭 Bubulus ibis	2	2-3, 8	√	√
	绿鹭 Butorides striatus	3	7-1, 4	√	√
	大白鹭 Casmerodius albus	30	8-6	√	√
	小白鹭 Egretta garzetta	109	7-4	√	√
	中白鹭 Mesophoyx intermedia	20	11	√
鹮科 Threskiornithidae	黑脸琵鹭 Platalea minor	75	9-4	√	√
	白琵鹭 P. leucorodia	1	11	√
秧鸡科 Rallidae	白胸苦恶鸟 Amaurornis akool	1	2	√
反嘴鹬科 Recurvirostridae	黑翅长脚鹬 Himantopus himantopus	60	8-9	√
鸻科 Charaddriidae	环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus	206	1-12	√	√
	金眶鸻 C. dubius	21	8-2	√	√
	铁嘴沙鸻 C. leschenaultii	340	7-1, 3-5	√	√
	蒙古沙鸻 C. mongolus	100	11	√
	灰斑鸻 Pluvialis squatarola	36	10-1, 3	√	√
鹬科 Scolopacidae	矶鹬 Actitis hypoleucos	9	8-12, 2	√	√
	翻石鹬 Arenaria interpres	15	8-11		√
	三趾鹬 Calidris alba	1	11	√
	黑腹滨鹬 C. alpina	300	11	√
	红腹滨鹬 C. canutus	6	8	√
	弯嘴滨鹬 C. ferruginea	12	7-8, 11-12	√	√
	红颈滨鹬 C. ruficollis	120	2-5, 7-8, 11	√
	长趾滨鹬 C. subminuta	21	11-12	√
	青脚滨鹬 C. temminckii	100	11	√
	大滨鹬 C. tenuirostris	2	11	√
	扇尾沙锥 Gallinago gallinago	4	9-11		√
	灰尾漂鹬 Heteroscelus brevipes	22	8-11, 5		√
	阔嘴鹬 Limicola falcinellus	2	3-5	√
	半蹼鹬 Limnodromus semipalmatus	5	9	√
	斑尾塍鹬 Limosa lapponica	5	12	√
	黑尾塍鹬 L. limosa	3	11	√
	白腰杓鹬 Numenius arquata	337	8-4, 6		√
	中杓鹬 N. phaeopus	92	10-1, 5, 8	√	√
	流苏鹬 Philomachus pugnax	2	11	√
	鹤鹬 Tringa erythropus	30	10-11, 5	√
	林鹬 T. glareola	32	9-11	√	√
	青脚鹬 T. nebularia	177	8-6	√	√
	白腰草鹬 T. ochropus	4	8	√	√
	泽鹬 T. stagnatilis	370	2, 6-7	√	√
	红脚鹬 T. totanus	30	2-4, 6-12	√	√
	翘嘴鹬 Xenus cinereus	7	4-5, 7-8	√	√
鸥科 Laridae	银鸥 Larus argentatus	9	11	√
燕鸥科 Sternidae	红嘴巨鸥 Caspian tern	55	10-1, 3	√	√
	白额燕鸥 Sterna albifrons	33	5-8	√	√
鹗科 Pandionidae	鹗 Pandion haliaetus	1	8, 11-1	√
翠鸟科 Alcedinidae	普通翠鸟 Alcedo atthis	9	1-12	√	√
	白胸翡翠 Halcyon smyrnensis	2	1-12	√	√
	蓝翡翠 H. Pileata	7	1-12	√	√

科名 Family	物种 Species	最大数量 Maximum number	有观察记录月份 Observation months	地点 Site
科名 Family	物种 Species	最大数量 Maximum number	有观察记录月份 Observation months	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay
鹭科 Ardeidae	苍鹭 Ardea cinerea	180	5-6, 8-3	√	√
	池鹭 Ardeola bacchus	72	7, 9-3	√	√
	牛背鹭 Bubulus ibis	2	2-3, 8	√	√
	绿鹭 Butorides striatus	3	7-1, 4	√	√
	大白鹭 Casmerodius albus	30	8-6	√	√
	小白鹭 Egretta garzetta	109	7-4	√	√
	中白鹭 Mesophoyx intermedia	20	11	√
鹮科 Threskiornithidae	黑脸琵鹭 Platalea minor	75	9-4	√	√
	白琵鹭 P. leucorodia	1	11	√
秧鸡科 Rallidae	白胸苦恶鸟 Amaurornis akool	1	2	√
反嘴鹬科 Recurvirostridae	黑翅长脚鹬 Himantopus himantopus	60	8-9	√
鸻科 Charaddriidae	环颈鸻 Charadrius alexandrinus	206	1-12	√	√
	金眶鸻 C. dubius	21	8-2	√	√
	铁嘴沙鸻 C. leschenaultii	340	7-1, 3-5	√	√
	蒙古沙鸻 C. mongolus	100	11	√
	灰斑鸻 Pluvialis squatarola	36	10-1, 3	√	√
鹬科 Scolopacidae	矶鹬 Actitis hypoleucos	9	8-12, 2	√	√
	翻石鹬 Arenaria interpres	15	8-11		√
	三趾鹬 Calidris alba	1	11	√
	黑腹滨鹬 C. alpina	300	11	√
	红腹滨鹬 C. canutus	6	8	√
	弯嘴滨鹬 C. ferruginea	12	7-8, 11-12	√	√
	红颈滨鹬 C. ruficollis	120	2-5, 7-8, 11	√
	长趾滨鹬 C. subminuta	21	11-12	√
	青脚滨鹬 C. temminckii	100	11	√
	大滨鹬 C. tenuirostris	2	11	√
	扇尾沙锥 Gallinago gallinago	4	9-11		√
	灰尾漂鹬 Heteroscelus brevipes	22	8-11, 5		√
	阔嘴鹬 Limicola falcinellus	2	3-5	√
	半蹼鹬 Limnodromus semipalmatus	5	9	√
	斑尾塍鹬 Limosa lapponica	5	12	√
	黑尾塍鹬 L. limosa	3	11	√
	白腰杓鹬 Numenius arquata	337	8-4, 6		√
	中杓鹬 N. phaeopus	92	10-1, 5, 8	√	√
	流苏鹬 Philomachus pugnax	2	11	√
	鹤鹬 Tringa erythropus	30	10-11, 5	√
	林鹬 T. glareola	32	9-11	√	√
	青脚鹬 T. nebularia	177	8-6	√	√
	白腰草鹬 T. ochropus	4	8	√	√
	泽鹬 T. stagnatilis	370	2, 6-7	√	√
	红脚鹬 T. totanus	30	2-4, 6-12	√	√
	翘嘴鹬 Xenus cinereus	7	4-5, 7-8	√	√
鸥科 Laridae	银鸥 Larus argentatus	9	11	√
燕鸥科 Sternidae	红嘴巨鸥 Caspian tern	55	10-1, 3	√	√
	白额燕鸥 Sterna albifrons	33	5-8	√	√
鹗科 Pandionidae	鹗 Pandion haliaetus	1	8, 11-1	√
翠鸟科 Alcedinidae	普通翠鸟 Alcedo atthis	9	1-12	√	√
	白胸翡翠 Halcyon smyrnensis	2	1-12	√	√
	蓝翡翠 H. Pileata	7	1-12	√	√

	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter		全年 The whole year
	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay
种数 No. of species	24	15	19	12	29	24	36	24	46	30
科数 No. of family	7	5	5	5	9	6	8	7	10	7
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	2.01	1.48	2.20	0.73	2.87	2.02	2.72	1.99	2.99	2.25
均匀度指数 Pielou index	0.63	0.55	0.75	0.30	0.85	0.64	0.76	0.62	0.78	0.66

	春季 Spring		夏季 Summer		秋季 Autumn		冬季 Winter		全年 The whole year
	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay	北黎湾 Beili Bay	后水湾 Houshui Bay
种数 No. of species	24	15	19	12	29	24	36	24	46	30
科数 No. of family	7	5	5	5	9	6	8	7	10	7
Shannon-Wiener指数 Shannon-Wiener index	2.01	1.48	2.20	0.73	2.87	2.02	2.72	1.99	2.99	2.25
均匀度指数 Pielou index	0.63	0.55	0.75	0.30	0.85	0.64	0.76	0.62	0.78	0.66

	灰斑鸻 Grey plover	金眶鸻 Little ringed plover	铁嘴沙鸻 Greater sand plover	鹤鹬 Spotted redshank	黑腹滨鹬 Dunlin	红脚鹬 Common redshank	红颈滨鹬 Red-necked stint	矶鹬 Common sandpiper	青脚鹬 Common greenshank	泽鹬 Marsh sandpiper
环颈鸻 Kentish plover	0.522	-0.043	-0.402	0.878**	0.938**	0.516	0.717**	0.205	0.791**	0.466
灰斑鸻 Grey plover		-0.266	-0.340	0.418	0.287	0.176	0.143	-0.116	0.583*	0.924**
金眶鸻 Little ringed plover			-0.188	-0.143	-0.094	-0.122	-0.242	0.201	0.342	-0.013
铁嘴沙鸻 Greater sand plover				-0.393	-0.270	0.263	0.070	-0.421	-0.641*	-0.454
鹤鹬 Spotted redshank					0.759**	0.668*	0.533	0.274	0.753**	0.296
黑腹滨鹬 Dunlin						0.458	0.825**	0.190	0.596*	0.233
红脚鹬 Common redshank							0.362	0.106	0.339	-0.012
红颈滨鹬 Red-necked stint								0.227	0.274	-0.005
矶鹬 Common sandpiper									0.333	-0.101
青脚鹬 Common greenshank										0.618*