Biodiv Sci ›› 2008, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 470-476. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1003.2008.08027
• Original Papers • Previous Articles Next Articles
Received:
2008-02-02
Accepted:
2008-06-11
Online:
2008-09-20
Published:
2008-09-20
Contact:
Feng Jianmeng
Feng Jianmeng. Spatial patterns of species diversity of seed plants in China and their climatic explanation[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2008, 16(5): 470-476.
研究单元 Units | 物种数 Species richness | 物种密度 Species density (No./km2) |
---|---|---|
宁夏 Ningxia | 785 | 70.7 |
山东 Shandong | 1,175 | 98.6 |
河南 Henan | 1,656 | 137.5 |
黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 1,666 | 128.0 |
吉林 Jilin | 1,698 | 139.7 |
江苏 Jiangsu | 1,699 | 147.6 |
山西 Shanxi | 1,701 | 142.0 |
辽宁 Liaoning | 1,737 | 145.7 |
河北 Hebei | 1,959 | 161.2 |
内蒙古 Neimenggu | 1,993 | 142.6 |
安徽 Anhui | 2,001 | 168.9 |
青海 Qinghai | 2,036 | 151.0 |
浙江 Zhejiang | 2,750 | 238.9 |
海南 Hainan | 2,763 | 264.8 |
江西 Jiangxi | 2,822 | 234.3 |
福建 Fujian | 2,977 | 254.5 |
湖南 Hunan | 3,182 | 259.7 |
新疆 Xinjiang | 3,252 | 227.6 |
陕西 Shaanxi | 3,259 | 265.9 |
台湾 Taiwan | 3,410 | 325.0 |
湖北 Hubei | 3,430 | 282.2 |
甘肃 Gansu | 3,579 | 274.9 |
贵州 Guizhou | 4,821 | 398.4 |
广东 Guangdong | 4,954 | 409.4 |
西藏 Xizang | 6,106 | 435.4 |
广西 Guangxi | 6,339 | 511.7 |
四川 Sichuan | 9,684 | 740.3 |
云南 Yunnan | 13,769 | 1,069.5 |
Table 1 Species richness and species density in each study unit
研究单元 Units | 物种数 Species richness | 物种密度 Species density (No./km2) |
---|---|---|
宁夏 Ningxia | 785 | 70.7 |
山东 Shandong | 1,175 | 98.6 |
河南 Henan | 1,656 | 137.5 |
黑龙江 Heilongjiang | 1,666 | 128.0 |
吉林 Jilin | 1,698 | 139.7 |
江苏 Jiangsu | 1,699 | 147.6 |
山西 Shanxi | 1,701 | 142.0 |
辽宁 Liaoning | 1,737 | 145.7 |
河北 Hebei | 1,959 | 161.2 |
内蒙古 Neimenggu | 1,993 | 142.6 |
安徽 Anhui | 2,001 | 168.9 |
青海 Qinghai | 2,036 | 151.0 |
浙江 Zhejiang | 2,750 | 238.9 |
海南 Hainan | 2,763 | 264.8 |
江西 Jiangxi | 2,822 | 234.3 |
福建 Fujian | 2,977 | 254.5 |
湖南 Hunan | 3,182 | 259.7 |
新疆 Xinjiang | 3,252 | 227.6 |
陕西 Shaanxi | 3,259 | 265.9 |
台湾 Taiwan | 3,410 | 325.0 |
湖北 Hubei | 3,430 | 282.2 |
甘肃 Gansu | 3,579 | 274.9 |
贵州 Guizhou | 4,821 | 398.4 |
广东 Guangdong | 4,954 | 409.4 |
西藏 Xizang | 6,106 | 435.4 |
广西 Guangxi | 6,339 | 511.7 |
四川 Sichuan | 9,684 | 740.3 |
云南 Yunnan | 13,769 | 1,069.5 |
单位 Units | |
---|---|
年平均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT) | ℃ |
最冷月均温 Mean temperature during the coldest month (TCM) | ℃ |
无霜期 Frost-free days (FFD) | day |
温度年较差 Annual variation of mean annual temperature (AVMAT) | ℃ |
年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP) | mm |
年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature (SVMAT) | ℃ |
年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation (SVMAP) | mm |
单位面积年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature per unit area (SVMATAA) | ℃/km2 |
单位面积年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation per unit area (SVMAPAA) | mm/km2 |
Table 2 Climatic factors affecting spatial patterns of plant species diversity
单位 Units | |
---|---|
年平均温度 Mean annual temperature (MAT) | ℃ |
最冷月均温 Mean temperature during the coldest month (TCM) | ℃ |
无霜期 Frost-free days (FFD) | day |
温度年较差 Annual variation of mean annual temperature (AVMAT) | ℃ |
年平均降水量 Mean annual precipitation (MAP) | mm |
年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature (SVMAT) | ℃ |
年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation (SVMAP) | mm |
单位面积年平均温度空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual temperature per unit area (SVMATAA) | ℃/km2 |
单位面积年降水量空间分异 Spatial variation of mean annual precipitation per unit area (SVMAPAA) | mm/km2 |
气候因子 Climate factors | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area | MAT | MAP | SVMAT | SVMAP | TCM | AVMAT | FFD | SVMATAA | SVMAPAA | |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 0.17ns | 0.30ns | 0.20ns | 0.44* | 0.63*** | 0.44* | -0.67*** | 0.28ns | - | - |
物种密度 Species density | - | 0.37ns | 0.28ns | - | - | 0.51** | -0.72*** | 0.34ns | 0.38* | 0.55** |
Table 3 Correlation between climatic factors and species richness and density
气候因子 Climate factors | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Area | MAT | MAP | SVMAT | SVMAP | TCM | AVMAT | FFD | SVMATAA | SVMAPAA | |
物种丰富度 Species richness | 0.17ns | 0.30ns | 0.20ns | 0.44* | 0.63*** | 0.44* | -0.67*** | 0.28ns | - | - |
物种密度 Species density | - | 0.37ns | 0.28ns | - | - | 0.51** | -0.72*** | 0.34ns | 0.38* | 0.55** |
[1] | Bachman S, Baker WJ, Brummitt N, Dransfield J, Moat J (2004) Elevational gradients, area and tropical island diversity: an example from the palms of New Guinea. Ecography, 27,299-310. |
[2] | Chen QH (陈谦海) (2004) Flora of Guizhou (贵州植物志) Guizhou Science & Technology Press,Guiyang. (in Chinese) |
[3] | Colwell RK, Hurtt GC (1994) Nonbiological gradients in species richness and a spurious Rapoport effect. The American Naturalist, 144,570-595. |
[4] |
Colwell RK, Lees DC (2000) The mid-domain effect: geometric constraints on the geography of species richness. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15,70-76.
URL PMID |
[5] | Cramer MJ, Willig MR (2002) Habitat heterogeneity, habitat associations, and rodent species diversity in a sand-shinnery-oak landscape. Journal of Mammalogy, 83,743-753. |
[6] | Currie D (1991) Energy and large-scale patterns of animal- and plant-species richness. The American Naturalist, 137,27-49. |
[7] | Editorial Board of Flora of Zhejiang (浙江植物志编辑委员会) (1993) Flora of Zhejiang (浙江植物志). Zhejiang Science Press,Hangzhou. (in Chinese) |
[8] | Fang JY (方精云) (2001) Re-discussion about the forest vegetation zonation in eastern China. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 43,522-533. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[9] | Fang JY (方精云) (2004) Exploring altitudinal patterns of plant diversity of China’s mountains. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 12,1-4. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[10] | Fang JY (方精云), Li YD (李意德), Zhu B (朱彪) (2004) Community structures and species richness in the montane rainforest of Jianfengling, Hainan Island, China. Biodiversity Science(生物多样性), 12,29-43. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[11] | Guangdong Institute of Botany (广东省植物研究所) (1977) Flora Hainanica, Vol. IV (海南植物志第四卷). Science Press,Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[12] | He SY (贺士元) (1993) Flora of Beijing(北京植物志). Beijing Press,Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[13] | Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院植物研究所) (2004) Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae (Digital version)(中国植物志电子版). http://www.cvh.org.cn/. |
[14] |
Kadmon R, Allouche O (2007) Integrating the effects of area, isolation, and habitat heterogeneity on species diversity: a unification of island biogeography and niche theory. The American Naturalist, 170,443-454.
DOI URL PMID |
[15] | Kattan GH, Franco P (2004) Bird diversity along elevational gradients in the Andes of Colombia: area and mass effects. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 13,451-458. |
[16] | Klopfer PH (1959) Environmental determinants of faunal diversity. The American Naturalist, 93,337-342. |
[17] | Kratochwil A (1999) Biodiversity in ecosystems:some principles. In:Biodiversity in Ecosystems. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. |
[18] | Kunming Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院昆明植物研究所) (2006) Flora of Yunnan(云南植物志) (1-16). Science Press,Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[19] | Li BG (李伯刚) (1999) Flora of Sichuan(四川植物志). Ethnic Press in Sichuan,Chengdu. (in Chinese) |
[20] | Liu MG (刘明光) (1997) Album of Geography of China(中国自然地图集). Sinomap Press,Beijing. |
[21] | Liu SW (刘尚武) (1999) Flora of Qinghai(青海植物志). People’s Press in Qinghai,Xining. (in Chinese) |
[22] | MacArthur R, Wilson EQ (1967) The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton University Press,New Jersey. |
[23] | Mackinnon J, Sha M, Cheung C, Carey G, Zhu X, Melville D (1996) A Biodiversity Review of China. WWF International, Hongkong. |
[24] | Nogués-Bravo D, Araújo MB (2006) Species richness, area and climate correlates. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 15,452-460. |
[25] | Northwest Institute of Botany of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (中国科学院西北植物研究所) (1981) Flora of Qinling Mountains(秦岭植物志). Science Press,Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[26] | O’Brien EM, Field R, Whittaker RJ (2000) Climatic gradients in woody plant (tree and shrub) diversity: water-energy dynamics, residual variation and topography. Oikos, 89,588-600. |
[27] |
Qian H (2007) Relationships between plant and animal species richness at a regional scale in China. Conservation Biology, 21,937-944.
DOI URL PMID |
[28] | Qian H, Wang SL, He JS, Zhang JL, Wang LS, Wang LX, Guo K (2006) Phytogeographical analysis of seed plant genera in China. Annals of Botany, 98,1073-1084. |
[29] | Qian H (1998) Large-scale biogeographic patterns of vascular plant richness in North America: an analysis at the genera level. Journal of Biogeography, 25,829-836. |
[30] | Rahbek C, Graves GR (2001) Multiscale assessment of patterns of avian species richness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 98,4534-4539. |
[31] | Rapoport EH (1982) Areography: Geographical Strategies of Species. Pergamon Press,Oxford. |
[32] | Romdal TS, Colwell R, Rahbek C (2005) The influence of band sum area, domain extent, and range size on the latitudinal mid-domain effect. Ecology, 86,235-244. |
[33] | Rosenzweig ML (1995) Species Diversity in Space and Time. Cambridge University Press,Cambridge. |
[34] | Schulze ED, Mooney HA (1993) Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. |
[35] | Song YC (宋永昌) (1999) Perspective of the vegetation zonation of forest region in eastern China. Acta Botanica Sinica (植物学报), 41,541-552. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[36] |
Storch D, Davies RG, ZajĺČek S, Orme DL, Olson V, Thomas GH, Ding TS, Rasmussen PC, Ridgely RS, Bennett PM, Blackburn TM, Owens PF, Gaston KJ (2006) Energy, range dynamics and global species richness patterns: reconciling mid-domain effects and environmental determinants of avian diversity. Ecology Letters, 9,1308-1320.
URL PMID |
[37] | Tews J, Brose U, Grimm V, Tielborger K, Wichmann MC (2004) Animal species diversity driven by habitat heterogeneity/diversity: the importance of keystone structures. Journal of Biogeography, 31,79-92. |
[38] | Whittaker RH (1977) Evolution of species diversity in land communities. Evolutionary Biology, 10,1-67. |
[39] | Whittaker RJ, Nogués-Bravo D, Araújo MB (2007) Geographical gradients of species richness: a test of the water-energy conjecture of Hawkins et al. (2003) using European data for five taxa. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 16,76-89. |
[40] |
Willis KJ, Kleczkowski A, New M, Whittaker R (2007) Testing the impact of climate variability on European plant diversity: 320 000 years of water-energy dynamics and its long-term influence on plant taxonomic richness. Ecology Letters, 10,673-679.
URL PMID |
[41] | Wright DH (1983) Species-energy theory: an extension of species-area theory. Oikos, 41,496-506. |
[42] | Wu ZY (吴征镒) (1980) Vegetation in China(中国植被). Science Press,Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[43] | Wu ZY (吴征镒) (1983) Flora of Xizang (西藏植物志). Science Press,Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[44] | Ying TS (应俊生) (2001) Species diversity and distribution pattern of seed plants in China. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 9,393-398. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[45] | Zhang JT (张金屯), Jin YX (金义兴) (1995) Plant community and heterogeneity. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research (武汉植物学研究), 13,329-336. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[46] | Zhao SQ (赵淑清), Fang JY (方精云), Piao SL (朴世龙) (2004) Structure and species diversity of boreal forests in Mt. Baikalu, Huzhong area, Daxingan Mountains, Northeast China. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 12,182-189. (in Chinese with English abstract) |
[47] | Zhu DR (朱大仁) (2000) Atlas of China(分省中国地图集). SinoMap Press,Beijing. (in Chinese) |
[48] | Zhu H, Ma YX, Yan LC, Hu HB (2007) The relationship between geography and climate in the generic-level patterns of Chinese seed plants. Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica (植物分类学报), 45,134-166. |
[1] | Xueqin Deng, Tong Liu, Tianshi Liu, Kai Xu, Song Yao, Xiaoqun Huang, Zhishu Xiao. Seasonal variation of daily activity rhythm of leopard cats (Prionailurus bengalensis) and their potential prey in Neixiang Baotianman National Nature Reserve of Henan Province, China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(9): 22263-. |
[2] | Shihang Zhang, Ye Tao, Yusen Chen, Hao Guo, Yongxing Lu, Xing Guo, Chaohong Liu, Xiaobing Zhou, Yuanming Zhang. Spatial pattern of soil multifunctionality and its correlation with environmental and vegetation factors in the Junggar Desert, China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(8): 22097-. |
[3] | Hualin Yang, Yuehong Cheng, Tianxiang Zhou, Xi Feng, Qiang Hu, Guiquan Zhang, Jian Yang, Jindong Zhang, Bin Wang, Caiquan Zhou. Multi-scale habitat selection of Chinese monal (Lophophorus lhuysii) in Wolong National Nature Reserve, Sichuan [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(7): 21535-. |
[4] | Hong Qian, Jian Zhang, Jingchao Zhao. How many known vascular plant species are there in the world? An integration of multiple global plant databases [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(7): 22254-. |
[5] | Zhengfei Li, Xiaoming Jiang, Jun Wang, Xingliang Meng, Junqian Zhang, Zhicai Xie. Species diversity and driving factors of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(6): 21431-. |
[6] | Xiaoyan Jiang, Shengjie Gao, Yan Jiang, Yun Tian, Xin Jia, Tianshan Zha. Species diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity in plant communities at different phases of vegetation restoration in the Mu Us sandy grassland [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(5): 21387-. |
[7] | Min Zhang, Chunpo Tian, Xianli Che, Yanyan Zhao, Shiwang Chen, Xia Zhou, Fasheng Zou. New bird records in Guangdong Province and their correlation with natural and social-economic factors [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(5): 21396-. |
[8] | Taohua Yuan, Meijun Li, Liuyi Ren, Rongxin Huang, Yi Chen, Xinxiang Bai. A dataset on the diversity and geographical distributions of wild Impatiens in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(5): 22019-. |
[9] | Haiping Li, Zhuqing Xu, Zhihang Long. Conservation gap analysis of key protected and rare animals in Da Hinggan Range Region, China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(2): 21294-. |
[10] | Shengxian Chen, Xiting Zhang, Danqi She, Zhonghua Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhou, Huimei Wang, Wenjie Wang. Effects of plant species diversity, dominant species importance, and soil properties on glomalin-related soil protein [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(2): 21115-. |
[11] | Jiang Qiao, Guoqing Jia, Huaming Zhou, Lin Gong, Yong Jiang, Nengwen Xiao, Xiaoqi Gao, Anxiang Wen, Jie Wang. Mammal and bird diversity recorded with camera traps in Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(2): 20395-. |
[12] | Jun Wang, Chao Zhao. Taxonomy, species diversity and distribution patterns of fungus-feeding Phlaeothripidae in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(12): 22128-. |
[13] | Xiaotong Liu, Yijia Tian, Hanwen Liu, Cuiying Liang, Siwei Jiang, Wenju Liang, Xiaoke Zhang. Seasonal variation in cropland soil nematode community composition in the Lower Reaches of Liaohe Plain [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(12): 22222-. |
[14] | Yongqingcuomu , Xinqiang Xi, Kechang Niu. Effect of plant species loss on grassland caterpillar in alpine meadows [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(11): 22069-. |
[15] | Zixiao Dai, Guoke Chen, Naili Zhang, Keping Ma. A dataset on the diversity of forest vascular epiphytes in China [J]. Biodiv Sci, 2022, 30(11): 22332-. |
Viewed | ||||||
Full text |
|
|||||
Abstract |
|
|||||
Copyright © 2022 Biodiversity Science
Editorial Office of Biodiversity Science, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China
Tel: 010-62836137, 62836665 E-mail: biodiversity@ibcas.ac.cn