Abstract:

Background & Aims: Meta-analysis is a crucial statistical tool for deriving generalized conclusions through the weighted analysis of data from case studies, with broad applications in ecology. However, for a long time, researchers have significant misconceptions regarding the fundamental principles and methodological framework of meta-analysis, which has contributed to its misuse, even erroneous application. 

Review Results: According to the standard steps of conducting a meta-analysis, this article summarizes the basic feature of meta-analysis and highlights critical considerations for its application, encompassing aspects such as: defining key concepts, literature search and screening, construction of effect sizes, selection of models, incorporation of special data structures, inclusion of explanatory variables, assessment of result reliability, and relevant software tools. 

Conclusion: The clarifications of related concepts and key points will aid in constructing more precise and appropriate meta-analysis models, thereby enhancing the reliability of results. Furthermore, continued advancements in meta-analysis methodology is poised to offer more robust and reliable technical approaches for addressing numerous fundamental scientific questions in ecology.

Key words: effect size, heterogeneity, random effect model, hierarchical model, meta-regression, publication bias