Coexistence mechanism of tropical forest tree species based on metabolomics and transcriptomics technologies: Taking Ficus species as an example

doi:10.17520/biods.2024475

Abstract

Abstract:

Aim: Tropical tree communities are characterized for their species diversity, with large genera playing a key role in promoting community diversity. However, the mechanisms underlying the coexistence of closely related species within these genera remain a central question in tropical ecology. Traditional approaches, often based on functional traits, have provided insights into niche differentiation but fall short of fully explaining the complex coexistence patterns.

Methods: This study focused on representative Ficusspecies in tropical community. By combining transcriptomics and metabolomics with phylogenetic analysis and functional traits measurements, it explored how differences in phylogenetic relationships, physical defense traits, defense-related genes, and metabolite diversity influence interspecific interactions among Ficus species, thereby promoting and maintaining their coexistence in local communities.

Results: In locally coexisting Ficus species, (1) No significant phylogenetic signals were detected in defensive traits except for C/N ratio; (2) Physical defense traits, defense-related genes, and metabolite diversity exhibited significantly lower values than random structure (P< 0.01), indicating divergent patterns, whereas phylogenetic relationships did not significantly differ from random structure (P= 0.194); (3) The diversity pattern of defensive traits reflected habitat heterogeneity.

Conclusion: This study shows that locally coexisting Ficus species promote defensive niche differentiation through the divergent pattern of defensive traits. The diversity of defense-related genes and metabolites provided new evidence for this, which is expected to provide new insights and ideas in this field.

Key words: local species coexistence, metabolome, transcriptome, functional traits, phylogeny

Deju Yu, Yunyun He, Min Cao, Gang Wang, Jie Yang. Coexistence mechanism of tropical forest tree species based on metabolomics and transcriptomics technologies: Taking Ficus species as an example[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(7): 24475.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024475

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I7/24475

Figures/Tables 6

References 73

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编号 Code	物种 Species	多度 Abundance	生境 Habitat
1	青藤公 Ficus langkokensis (FICULA)	1,412	半坡 Slope
2	水同木 Ficus fistulosa (FICUFI)	917	半坡 Slope
3	对叶榕 Ficus hispida (FICUHI)	501	半坡 Slope
4	北碚榕 Ficus beipeiensis (FICUBEI)	214	沟谷 Valley
5	杂色榕 Ficus variegate (FICUVAR)	172	半坡 Slope
6	大果榕 Ficus auriculata (FICUAU)	105	沟谷 Valley
7	金毛榕 Ficus fulva (FICUFU)	103	半坡 Slope
8	大叶水榕 Ficus glaberrima (FICUGL)	79	沟谷 Valley
9	黄毛榕 Ficus esquiroliana (FICUES)	79	半坡 Slope
10	鸡嗉子榕 Ficus semicordata (FICUSE)	39	半坡 Slope
11	棒果榕 Ficus subincisa (FICUSU)	31	沟谷 Valley
12	粗叶榕 Ficus altissima (FICUAL)	30	沟谷 Valley
13	苹果榕 Ficus oligodon (FICUOL)	30	沟谷 Valley

编号 Code	物种 Species	多度 Abundance	生境 Habitat
1	青藤公 Ficus langkokensis (FICULA)	1,412	半坡 Slope
2	水同木 Ficus fistulosa (FICUFI)	917	半坡 Slope
3	对叶榕 Ficus hispida (FICUHI)	501	半坡 Slope
4	北碚榕 Ficus beipeiensis (FICUBEI)	214	沟谷 Valley
5	杂色榕 Ficus variegate (FICUVAR)	172	半坡 Slope
6	大果榕 Ficus auriculata (FICUAU)	105	沟谷 Valley
7	金毛榕 Ficus fulva (FICUFU)	103	半坡 Slope
8	大叶水榕 Ficus glaberrima (FICUGL)	79	沟谷 Valley
9	黄毛榕 Ficus esquiroliana (FICUES)	79	半坡 Slope
10	鸡嗉子榕 Ficus semicordata (FICUSE)	39	半坡 Slope
11	棒果榕 Ficus subincisa (FICUSU)	31	沟谷 Valley
12	粗叶榕 Ficus altissima (FICUAL)	30	沟谷 Valley
13	苹果榕 Ficus oligodon (FICUOL)	30	沟谷 Valley

性状 Trait	K值 K value	P值 P value
物理防御性状 Physical defense traits
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (mm)	0.280	0.967
叶片韧性 Leaf toughness	0.416	0.475
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) (mg/g)	0.270	0.920
叶片碳氮比 C : N	1.063	0.008^*
防御基因 Defense genes	0.216	0.992
化学防御性状 Chemical defense traits
总代谢物 All plants secondary metabolites	0.609	0.154
生物碱类 Alkaloids	0.286	0.826
氨基酸/肽类 Amino acids/peptides	0.627	0.090
碳水化合物类 Carbohydrates	0.623	0.144
脂肪酸类 Fatty acids	0.727	0.136
聚酮类 Polyketides	0.647	0.102
莽草酸-苯丙素类 Shikimates and phenylpropanoids	0.840	0.074
萜类 Terpenoids	0.433	0.420

性状 Trait	K值 K value	P值 P value
物理防御性状 Physical defense traits
叶片厚度 Leaf thickness (mm)	0.280	0.967
叶片韧性 Leaf toughness	0.416	0.475
叶干物质含量 Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) (mg/g)	0.270	0.920
叶片碳氮比 C : N	1.063	0.008^*
防御基因 Defense genes	0.216	0.992
化学防御性状 Chemical defense traits
总代谢物 All plants secondary metabolites	0.609	0.154
生物碱类 Alkaloids	0.286	0.826
氨基酸/肽类 Amino acids/peptides	0.627	0.090
碳水化合物类 Carbohydrates	0.623	0.144
脂肪酸类 Fatty acids	0.727	0.136
聚酮类 Polyketides	0.647	0.102
莽草酸-苯丙素类 Shikimates and phenylpropanoids	0.840	0.074
萜类 Terpenoids	0.433	0.420