Spatial distribution and coexistence of ungulates in Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park

doi:10.17520/biods.2024260

Biodiv Sci ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 24260. DOI: 10.17520/biods.2024260 cstr: 32101.14.biods.2024260

• Original Papers: Animal Diversity • Previous Articles Next Articles

Spatial distribution and coexistence of ungulates in Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park

Cuifeng Gong^1,2, Wei Wei¹, Gai Luo², Yimin Han², Pengcheng Wu², Mengnan He^2*, Qingyue Min², Qiang Fu³, Peng Chen²

1 Key Laboratory of Southwest Wildlife and Plant Resources Protection (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan 637009, China

2 Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, Chengdu 610086, China

3 Chongzhou Main Station of Giant Panda National Park, Chongzhou, Sichuan 611239, China

Received:2024-06-26 Revised:2024-10-18 Online:2025-03-20 Published:2025-04-16
Contact: Mengnan He

Abstract

Abstract:

Aims: Spatial ecological niche differentiation is a crucial mechanism for biodiversity maintenance. The ungulates in the Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park are numerous and widely distributed, but their spatial ecological niche differentiation remains unclear. The objective of our study is to analyze the ungulates spatial distribution and their spatial coexistence.

Methods: A survey on ungulates was conducted using 56 camera traps near Chongzhou, China from October 2021 to March 2022. To analyze species spatial distributions, we used single-species single season model to calculate the occupancy rates of six main local ungulate species including Sus scrofa, Elaphodus cephalophus, Rusa unicolor, Budorcas taxicolor, Naemorhedus griseus, and Muntiacus reevesi. Further, two-species single season model was used to calculate the species interaction factors (SIF) between these species to explore their spatial coexistence.

Results: We found that (1) Elaphodus cephalophus had the highest spatial occupancy rate (0.61) followed by Sus scrofa (0.55), and Rusa unicolor, Budorcas taxicolor, Naemorhedus griseus with 0.44, 0.42, and 0.11, respectively, while Muntiacus reevesi had the lowest occupancy rate (0.05); (2) The occupancy rate of ungulates was affected by environmental variables, with elevation being the highest-ranking factor; (3) There was no significant avoidance between Rusa unicolor and other ungulates in terms of spatial co-existence except Sus scrofa, nor between Elaphodus cephalophus and Sus scrofa, Budorcas taxicolor, whereas the other species were more avoidant in their spatial distributions to each other.

Conclusions: Our results suggest environmental factors influence the spatial ecological position of ungulates, while spatial distribution patterns among species significantly affect the coexistence mechanism and interspecific competition among animals distributed in the same area. We provide a scientific basis for the conservation and management of ungulates in the Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park. Further, our research highlights the importance of considering spatial ecological niche differentiation in species diversity conservation.

Key words: spatial ecological niche differentiation, ungulates, camera trap, occupancy model

Cuifeng Gong, Wei Wei, Gai Luo, Yimin Han, Pengcheng Wu, Mengnan He, Qingyue Min, Qiang Fu, Peng Chen. Spatial distribution and coexistence of ungulates in Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park[J]. Biodiv Sci, 2025, 33(3): 24260.

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URL: https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/10.17520/biods.2024260

https://www.biodiversity-science.net/EN/Y2025/V33/I3/24260

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Spatial distribution and coexistence of ungulates in Chongzhou Area of Giant Panda National Park

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